1781 Articles of Confederation; Shays's Rebellion

The Articles of Confederation granted to the government the power to determine peace and war.

(1) The power to determine peace and war. (2) The power to decide disputes between states. (3) The power to establish and regulate interstate post offices.

The Articles of Confederation were ratified by the state governments of all 13 states in 1781. Congress approved the Articles of Confederation in 1777...

...and a copy was sent to each of the thirteen states for ratification. In 1781, Maryland became the last of the 13 states to ratify the Articles of Confederation and they went into effect.

1775 ______________ 1776 ______________ 1781-1789 ______________ 1783 ______________ 1786-1787 ______________ 1788 ______________

1775 American Revolution 1776 Declaration of Independence 1781 Articles of Confederation (1781-1789) 1783 Treaty of Paris 1786-1787 Shays' Rebellion 1788 United States Constitution

____ American Revolution ____ Declaration of Independence ____ -____ Articles of Confederation ____ Treaty of Paris ____ -____ Shays' Rebellion ____ United States Constitution

1775 American Revolution 1776 Declaration of Independence 1781 Articles of Confederation (1781-1789) 1783 Treaty of Paris 1786-1787 Shays' Rebellion 1788 United States Constitution

The STATES had final authority under the Articles of Confederation.

Final authority belonged to each state government, which left the federal government without enough power to govern effectively.

The Northwest Ordinance created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States. Also known as the Freedom Ordinance or The Ordinance of 1787.

From lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British Canada and the Great Lakes to the north and the Ohio River to the south. The upper Mississippi River formed the Territory's western boundary.

John Hanson was the first president under the Articles of Confederation. Eight men were appointed to serve one-year terms as president under the Articles of Confederation.

Hanson, the first, began his term in 1781. His exact title was "President of the United States in Congress Assembled."

Shays' Rebellion (1786): An uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, in 1786 in Massachusetts. Shays' followers protested farm foreclosures for debt & briefly succeeded in shutting down the court system.

Shays' Rebellion persuaded conservatives of the need for strong national government and contributed to the movement to draft the Constitution.

The Articles of Confederation were ratified in 1781, during the American Revolution.

The American Revolution started in 1775.

The effect that the Articles of Confederation had on the economy was that interstate commerce was almost paralyzed by tariffs between the states.

The Articles of Confederation did not give the federal government the power to regulate commerce between the states. So, states began levying tariffs on imports from other states to boost their own economies, which almost ended interstate trade completely.

An important strength of the Articles of Confederation was that it gave Congress the power to declare peace and war.

The Articles of Confederation had many important weaknesses, but it did give the federal government the power to declare peace and war and therefore to conduct the foreign affairs of the United States when it was a new nation.

Eight presidents served under the Articles of Confederation.

The Articles of Confederation was in effect for eight years (1781-1789) and there was one president during each of those years.

The reason the Articles of Confederation were written was to provide unity and stability to the 13 states.

The Articles set the rules for operations of the confederation of "United States." The confederation was capable of making war, negotiating diplomatic agreements, and resolving issues regarding the western territories, even during the Revolutionary War.

The Articles of Confederation lasted from 1781 until 1788.

The Articles were replaced when the U.S. Constitution was officially ratified on June 21, 1788.

The Declaration of Independence was issued in 1776.

The Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolution was signed in 1783, two years after the Articles of Confederation were ratified by the states.

The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. Under the Articles of Confederation, the U.S. took its first steps as a nation.

The government established by the Articles conducted the affairs of the country during the last two years of the Revolutionary War. It helped to negotiate the Treaty of Paris in 1783, and produced important pieces of legislation.

SHAYS' REBELLION demonstrated the need to change the Articles of Confederation. In 1786, Daniel Shays, a former Revolutionary War captain, led a rebellion in Massachusetts about the unstable economic conditions faced by the farmers in the western part of the state.

The rebellion was eventually unsuccessful, partly due to a militia raised by the state of Massachusetts, but the rebellion alarmed conservative patriots and inspired calls for a stronger federal constitution.

Articles of Confederation (1781): An agreement among the thirteen original states, approved in 1781, that provided a loose federal government before the present Constitution went into effect in 1789.

There was no chief executive or judiciary, and the legislature of the Confederation had no authority to collect taxes.

The Articles of Confederation did NOT establish a national judicial system.

Those favoring a weak central government were afraid of the "judicial tyranny" the colonies experienced under British rule.

The Articles of Confederation did NOT have power to collect taxes.

Under it, the federal government did not have the power to collect taxes directly. Revenue was only given to the federal government by the states' governments.

Those who feared strong central government were likely to have supported the Articles of Confederation.

Under the Articles, states retained sovereignty over all governmental functions not specifically relinquished to the central government.

The difference between the Constitution and the Articles of Confederation is that the Constitution gave the federal government the power to collect taxes.

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution gave Congress the power to "lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises," a power which the Articles of Confederation did not give to the federal government.

The Articles of Confederation was replaced by the Constitution so that the U.S. could form a stronger government.

By the end of the 1780s, it was evident that the country needed a stronger central government to address many political and economic issues.

The Articles were based on a confederation.

Confederation is the concept of a weak central government where the states had more power than the federal government.

The delegates met to discuss problems of the Articles of Confederation in Annapolis and Philadelphia. In September 1786, representatives from 5 of the 13 states met in Annapolis to discuss the economic instability of the country under the Articles of Confederation.

In 1787, delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss revisions to the Articles of Confederation. Instead, they decided that an entirely new Constitution was needed. We now refer to this meeting as the Constitutional Convention.

State Constitutions: Most crucial was the formation of state constitutions...which replaced assorted colonial charters and oaths of allegiance to the British crown.

In many ways these creative exercises in self-governance are as important to the founding of the United States as the better-known documents that tourists stand in line to see today.

The authors of the Articles of Confederation feared concentration of power in national government. The Articles of Confederation established a representational system of government in which the rights of states rights were protected.

It established a weak national government because the authors feared that if the national government had too much power the rights of states and individuals would be too limited.

It took more than 4 years to ratify the Articles of Confederation because Maryland refused to ratify them.

Maryland refused until Virginia and New York agreed to cede their claims in the Ohio River Valley but finally ratified the Articles of Confederation on March 1, 1781.

An important legislation passed while the Articles of Confederation was in effect was the Northwest Ordinance.

On July 13, 1787, the Congress established by the Articles of Confederation passed the Northwest Ordinance. This important piece of legislation established the process by which a territory could become a state.

Republicanism: The inhabitants of the first thirteen states shared a belief in republicanism, the concept that political power should derive only from the people and their legitimate representatives.

that political power should derive only from the people and their legitimate representatives.(belief that a country should be led by people rather than monarchs)