1.8 - c++ standard library TO 1.12 - basics of a typical c++ environment

who and how was FORTAN developed (by)?

- developed by IBM from 1954-1957 - used for scientific and engineering applications

who and how was COBOL developed (by)?

- developed in 1959 by various manufacturers, government, and industrial computer users - used in commercial applications that use lots of data

C++ systems consist of what three things?

1) a program development environment (IDE) 2) C++ itself 3) the C++ standard library

what was a language that was a result of structured programming?

Pascal

what is structured programming?

a disciplined approach to writing programs that are clearer than unstructured programs

C++ programs consist of pieces called ________ and ________

classes & functions

what does COBOL stand for?

common business oriented language

what is the editing process and how does it work?

editing can be done using an editor program - stored on a secondary storage device (end in .cpp, .cxx, .C)

to execute, C++ programs go through what six phases?

editing, preprocessing, compiling, linking, loading, and executing

what does FORTRAN stand for?

formula translator

what is the linking process and how does it work?

object code might contain "holes" in parts from compiling - a linker links the object code with the code for the missing functions to produce an executable image

what is the compiling/preprocessing process and how does it work?

the compiler translates the C++ program into machine language code (object code) - the preprocessor program executes automatically - preprocessor directives (#blahblahblah) manipulate stuff in the program before it's run - then, the program can be compiled

what is the executing process and how does it work?

the computer can run the code, controlled by the CPU

what is the loading process and how does it work?

the loader takes the executable image from the disk and transfers it into memory