19. Four Modernist Villas: the house as a work of art

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Le Corbusier's 5 points on architecture

- pilotis (columns) elevate the bldg above ground. replace supporting walls + bear load of structure - Free plan: achieved by use of point supports rather than load bearing walls. - free facade design: separating the exterior of the bldg from structure/ curtain wall - ribbon windows: horizontal windows allow rooms to be lit equally. - Roof gardens: flat roof used for domestic purpose while also providing essential protection to concrete roof *not as sexy as you are want to think

Villa Mairea backyard

Alvar Aalto, 1937, Finland

Villa Mairea interior 1

Alvar Aalto, 1937, Finland

Villa Mairea interior 2

Alvar Aalto, 1937, Finland

Villa Mairea main floor

Alvar Aalto, 1937, Finland

General Themes of these villas

1920s avant garde: embrace materials, liberate architecture from confines of the box. affirm human spirit. 1930s avant garde: consider nature more thoroughly and use it as inspiration. Nature contained/ restrained, not wild refined sensibility: Experience nature in cultured/mannered way obsessed with cleanliness + hygiene

Villa Mairea

Alvar Aalto, 1937, Finland Finnish nationalism against Russian authority. deep respect for vernacular architecture --> modern interpretation of traditional forms. Into local timber not machine aesthetic. Conforms to international style program: brick, stucco, wood, steel columns. L-shaped plan --> encapsulated/ private living area + garden. Connect modern house with forest topography. Create a modern architecture thats still about domesticity --> the confines of the natural environment. Sets steel columns at intervals + wraps them in wood at different heights (i hate that he did this, stupid) More livable modernism, softer with woods + fabrics that mediate the harsh edges. Sense of a primitive dwelling, cut away fire place, break in grid, small sculptural interests. Flooring changes depending on function: intimate spaces = wood, more public=tile. THE BIRTH OF THE KIDNEY SHAPED POOL. studio elevated of a primitive mossy rock pediment.

Falling Water 2

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1935, Pennsylvania

Falling Water interior

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1935, Pennsylvania

Falling Water interior 2

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1935, Pennsylvania

Falling Water main floor plan

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1935, Pennsylvania

Falling Water

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1935, Pennsylvania Avoided walls. floats over waterfall (obviously) ex of modernism in the first half of the 20th century in the US. (consist with international modernism but fuses with the landscape in a way that Europe hasn't been doing) Land + architecture seamlessly integrated. "grow" from site construction: complex system of concrete developed specifically for this house. used primarily local stone. vertical partitions.

Villa Savoye garden

Le Corbusier, 1929, Poissy

Villa Savoye interior 1

Le Corbusier, 1929, Poissy

Villa Savoye interior 2

Le Corbusier, 1929, Poissy

Villa Savoye interior 3

Le Corbusier, 1929, Poissy

Villa Savoye plan

Le Corbusier, 1929, Poissy

Villa Savoye roof deck plan

Le Corbusier, 1929, Poissy

Villa Savoye

Le Corbusier, 1929, Poissy example of Purism/purism movement: after cubism, math/proportions, how objects could be rendered 2-d. mechanical pov. Degrees, geometries, forms. Prime example of 5 points

Tugendhat House interior 1