19.1 Quiz

What were Bank Holidays and why were they enacted?

Bank holiday's were the closing of the remaining banks before bank runs could put them out of business.

Why does Roosevelt think that "nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror" is such a big problem?

He believed it paralyzed needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.

FDR was Gov. of what state, what disease did he have?

He was the governor of New York and he caught polio.

What was the New Deal?

It was FDR's policies for ending the Great Depression.

What was the 1st 100 days?

It was the time between March 9th - June 16th, 1933, when Congress passed 15 major acts to resolve the economic crisis, setting a pace for new legislation that has never been equaled. FDR was the new President and got pretty much all he wanted.

Who was FDR's "brain trust" and what did FDR say we have to fear in his 1st inaugural address?

The "brain trust" were his advisers and he said "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself."

What was the AAA and what did it do that was controversial, why did this agency do these controversial things?

The AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Administration) killed tons of livestock, destroyed crops, and dumped out milk/dairy products just to try and raise the prices by reducing supply (this was controversial since so much food was going to waste and so many people were going hungry).

What was the CCC and what did it try to do, who was hired by the CCC?

The CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) offered unemployed young men (typically 18-25 years old, Native Americans and Veterans too) the opportunity to work under the direction of the forestry service planting trees, fighting forest fires, and building roads & reservoirs.

What New Deal program tried to end the Dust Bowl?

The CCC, they planted tons of tree to try and prevent a great soil erosion like the Dust Bowl from happening again.

What was the Dust Bowl and what caused it?

The Dust Bowl was when the Midwest "up and blew away", huge dust storms formed from strong wind that blew eroded topsoil from the "Bread Basket" states. It was caused by a combination of natural and manmade forces (strong winds, severe drought, over farming, etc.).

What was the FDIC and what did it do?

The FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) provided government insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount and by protecting depositors this way, the FDIC greatly increased public confidence in the banking system.

What was the NIRA, what did it do that brought the attention of the Supreme Court?

The NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) it suspended antitrust laws and allowed business, labor, and government to cooperate in setting up voluntary rules for each industry. It set prices, production levels, and was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

What was the SEC and what did it do?

The SEC (Security & Exchange Commission) regulated the stock market and prevented fraud.

What was the TVA and name 3 positive things it provided for the region?

The TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) was a New Deal project that built dams to control floods, conserved forest lands, and brought electricity to rural areas.

What was the WPA and what did they try to do?

The WPA (Works Progress Administration) tried to create miles of highways, roads, streets, bridges, parks, airports, and public buildings (like hospitals) out of rock.

What unspoken fear does Roosevelt address in the final two paragraphs?

The fear of taking action and creating change (like amending the Constitution) unsure of what it could due to democracy, the future, and staying true to the original text/ideas.

What did the Supreme Court say about it and why did they rule against it?

They declared it unconstitutional because by that time it had already lost much of its political support.

What was the Glass Steagall Act and what did it do?

This act created the FDIC and said banks were no longer allowed to risk depositors' money by using it to speculate on the stock market (banks could only take deposits, pay interest, cash checks, and lend money for mortgages). It separated commercial banking from investment banking.

Why did FDR give fireside chats?

To talk directly to the American people, tell them what he was trying to accomplish, and to restore their faith/trust in banks so they would start using them again (which would help them to get out of the banking crisis).