1967: The Six-Day War

When did the six-day war occur?

1967

What was the Palestine Liberation Organization?

A group founded by Arab leaders to represent Palestinian interests.

Describe which Arab nations ruled these disputed Israeli-Palestinian areas? A. Gaza Strip B. West Bank C. Golan Heights

A. Gaza Strip/ Egypt B. West Bank/ Jordan C. Golan Heights/ Syria

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas June 10

After Israel captured the Golan Heights, Israel and Syria declared a cease-fire.

Describe the Second Intifada from 2000-2005

After negotiations on a final Israeli-Palestinian peace deal fail, a second uprising begins. Dozens of suicide bombings in Israel and an Israeli crackdown in the West Bank and Gaza kill more than 1,000 Israelis and 4,000 Palestinians.

Looking at the timeline at the top of page 18, describe the First Intifada from 1987-1990

Angered by Israel's ongoing occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, Palestinians begin an uprising. It progresses from Palestinian youths throwing stones to suicide bombers targeting Israeli civilians.

Who are the Hamas?

Aradical fundamentalist group that calls for Israel's destruction.

What was Arafat's response?

Arafat walked away from the negotiations.

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas June 8

By June 8 Israel had the Egyptians in retreat and Israeli forces had reached the Suez Canal.

In 1978, how did U.S. President Jimmy Carter get involved?

Carter brought Sadat and Israeli Prime minister Menachem Begin to Camp David where the three men broke a 30 year stalemate in the Arab-Israeli conflict.

What happened in 1973 during the Yom Kippur War?

Egypt and Syria launched surprise attacks on Israel. Israel largely repelled the attacks, though the Arabs considered the war a success.

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas May 1967

Egyptian President Nasser ordered U.N. observers to leave the area and blockaded the Strait of Tiran, cutting off Israel's access to the Red Sea, a vital shipping route.

What area does Hamas control?

Gaza

In 1977, how did the Egyptian President, Anwar Sadat, shock the world?

He traveled to Jerusalem to meet with Israeli leaders.

What was going on in the spring of 1967?

Hostilities reached a new boiling point with Israel periodically under attack by Palestinian guerrillas in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Also Syrian troops continued to lob artillery fire down from the Golan Heights.

In the face of defeat, how did Arab leaders/nations react?

In the face of defeat, Arab leaders remained committed to Israel's destruction. Israel's occupation of Arab areas led to new disputes, most of which remain unresolved 45 years later.

What happened when the British left in 1948?

Israel declared independence, the Arab states attacked. Israel survived, but the fighting displaced 700,000

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas April 1967 Israel?

Israel downed six of Syria's Soviet-made fighter planes.

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas By June 7

Israel had captured the West Bank and East Jerusalem, including the old city, home to many sites sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

How has the November 1967 U.N. Resolution 242 land for peace formula only been partly fulfilled?

Israel has withdrawn from some territories but peace with Arab neighbors and secure borders remains an issue.

Describe the Camp David Accords that led to the 1979 peace treaty.

Israel returned the rest of Sinai, and Egypt became the first Arab state to recognize Israel.

What were the dramatic consequences that occurred as a result of this war?

Israel tripled the territories under its control, igniting a bloody dispute over some of that land that continues today.

What does Israel want?

Israel wants the Palestinians to renounce terrorism and genuinely accept its existence.

In 2000 at Camp David, how did U.S. President Bill Clinton bring the two sides to the brink of an agreement?

Israel would return nearly all the land it still controlled from the 1967 war and the Palestinians would get an independent state with a capital in East Jerusalem in return for dismantling all terrorist groups.

How does the Camp David failure demonstrate the difficulty of bringing the two sides together?

Israelis said if the Palestinians won't buy this great deal, they don't want peace. The Palestinians said this was an Israeli trick.

Who was fighting

Isreal against the Arab nations of Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq

What was the lasting impact of Arafat's failed West Bank revolt in the summer of 1967?

It catapulted the general Palestinian public into the arms of the guerrillas.

How has Israel being trying to disengage from Palestine?

It constructed a controversial security barrier to keep suicide bombers from entering Israel and, in 2005, shuttered its settlements in Gaza and withdrew its forces, leaving all of Gaza under Palestinian control.

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas June 5 - Jordan and Iraq

Jordan and Iraq began shelling the Israeli sector of Jerusalem.

Why did many nations embrace the idea of creating a Jewish state in Palestine?

Palestine is the historical homeland of the Jewish people.

In less than six days, what had Israel managed to do?

Redraw the map of the middle east, demonstrating its military superiority but settling little. In the face of defeat, Arab leaders remained committed to Israel's destruction.

How did the Arabs react to this plan?

The Arabs, who outnumbered Jews in much of palestine rejected it.

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas April 1967 Egyptian Army

The Egyptian army mobilized 100,000 troops and 1,000 tanks in the Sinai Peninsula.

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas June 5 am - Israeli Air Force

The Israeli Air Force destroyed more than 300 of Egypt's 340 combat planes, most before they had a chance to leave the ground.

How did the Jews react to this plan?

The Jews accepted the partition plan.

Who was Yasir Arafat?

The Palestinian guerrilla leader.

What does Palestine want?

The Palestinians seek statehood, a capital in Jerusalem, and the right of Palestinian refugees displaced by the 1948 war to return to Israel.

Looking at a timeline of events, describe what happened on these dates/areas April 1967 Soviet Union

The Soviet Union spread rumors that Israel was planning to attack Syria.

What area does President Mahmoud Abbas and the Fatah party control?

The West Bank

What was the fate of Israel and the Palestinians?

The fate of the Palestinians and Israel is still an issue today.

How might Israel react to Iran's threat?

The might consider attacking Irans nuclear program to neutralize the threat.

What is Israel's biggest threat?

The nuclear threat from Iran

How have the U.S. and U.N. responded to Iran?

They have responded with sanctions

What happened in 2006 with the Hamas?

They won a majority in the Palestinian parliament.

Looking at the timeline at the top of page 19, describe what happened in 1993-1994.

Under the 1993 Oslo Accords, brokered in Norway, Israel turns over parts of the West Bank and Gaza to the Palestinians as a step toward statehood. Israel and Jordan sign a peace treaty in 1994.

What could disrupt Israel and Egypt's 30 year peace?

Whether the Egyptian government that replaces Hosni Mubarak will be as friendly to Israel.

Who was the chairman of the PLO?

Yasir Arafat

What is the Arab Spring challenge to this region?

autocratic regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen have toppled which may complicate already tense relations between Israel and its Arab neighbors.

In 1947, a year before British rule over Palestine was set to end, what did the United Nations vote to do?

divide the area into an Arab state and a Jewish state

What was the U.S. (and other nations) response to this?

leading the U.S. and other nations to temporarily cut off most aid to the Palestinians and to refuse to deal with Hamas members of the government.

When can Israeli-Palestinian tensions be traced back to?

the end of World War II and the Holocaust, in which 6 million Jews were killed in Europe.