2: Alcohol & Tobacco

How many drinks per hour are metabolized?

½ oz of alcohol metabolized per hour → equivalent of about 1 standard drink

Review the lecture slides about health risks associated with tobacco use and be able to generally recognize these.

:Increased risk for -Cancer- lung, tongue, oral, throat, esophagus, pancreas, liver, gastric, renal, breast, colon -CVD- heart attack, atherosclerosis, increased cholesterol, peripheral vascular disease -Emphysema (type of lung disease) -Chronic Bronchitis -Sex/reproductive issues :Men- impotence :Women- infertility, stillbirths, miscarriage, low birth weight

What's binge drinking?

A binge is a pattern of drinking alcohol that brings blood alcohol concentration to .08 gram-percent or above; for a typical adult, this pattern corresponds to consuming- Within 2 hours -5 or more drinks for men -4 or more drinks for women

Recognize the factors that affect alcohol absorption.

Alcohol concentration in drink, presence of CO2, amount of alcohol consumed, food in stomach, pylorospasm, mood, your metabolism/weight/body mass index

What is BAC?

Blood alcohol contact/concentration. Ratio of alcohol to total blood volume. Measures behavioral and physiological effects of alcohol

What factors contribute to BAC, and how do these affect differences in BAC between men and women?

Determinants- weight, body fat, concentration of alcohol in beverage, rate of consumption, amount of alcohol consumed. Men can drink more.

Know the health effects of secondhand smoke in children.

Ear infections, more frequent and severe asthma attacks, respiratory problems, respiratory infections, a greater risk for SIDS

What are the ways advertising may influence tobacco use? What groups may be disproportionately targeted with advertising?

Influences 1. Entices experimentation 2. Reduces current smokers' resolve to quit 3. Increases smokers' daily consumption 4. Encourages former smokers to resume habits -Targets children, low SES, minority groups

What are patterns of youth tobacco use? What are contributors to youth tobacco use?

-Almost 90% of adult smokers started before the age of 18, 99% by the age of 26 -Marketing and flavoring make products appealing to youth. -Traditional cigarette use among youth is declining but ENDs use is rising. -50% reported using 2+ tobacco products

What are patterns of alcohol use among youth?

-By age 15, 33% of teens have had at least 1 drink -By age 18, about 60% of teens have had at least 1 drink -In 2015, 7.7 million young people age 12-20 reported that they drank alcohol beyond "just a few sips" in the past month -More adolescents use alcohol than cigarettes or marijuana

From the podcast, what negative consequences are associated with binge drinking, who is most likely to binge drink, and what are examples of possible solutions to binge drinking?

-Fuels dangerous behavior like drunk driving (88% of drunk driving events), alcohol related deaths. Illness, injury, and death. Unintended pregnancy, STDs, interpersonal violence -Most likely: adults who drink too much on occasion. 70% of 1.5 billion involve people who are 26 years and older. Caused by people who don't think they're problem drinkers, not alcoholics. -Risk goes up with SES. -Community based strategies- increase alcohol taxes, reduce purchase places and days/hours of sell, discourage culture, enforce age

What are negative consequences of underage drinking?

-Increases risk for alcohol problems later in life :Research shows that people who start drinking before the age of 15 are 4 times more likely to meet the criteria for alcohol dependence at some point in their lives -Interferes with brain development -Factor in accidents, injuries, and deaths -Impairs judgement -Increases risk of physical and sexual assault

Where is alcohol metabolized?

Most occurs in the liver.

What is the highly addictive chemical stimulant in all tobacco products?

Nicotine

What is social smoking, and why should we care about it?

Smoke only with others (e.g., while drinking) Why should we care? • Engage in more alcohol & illicit drug use and have higher sexual risk-taking • May lead to dependence • No "safe" amount of tobacco