2023 man

What distinguishes a command group from an affinity group? a. A command group is permanent and has a formal reporting relationship. An affinity group is permanent but isn't really part of the formal organization structure. b. A command group is impermanent and has an informal reporting relationship. An affinity group is permanent but isn't really part of the formal organization structure. c. A command group is permanent and has a formal reporting relationship. An affinity group is impermanent and meets whenever members choose to. d. A command group is impermanent and isn't required to report until its work is done. An affinity group is permanent and each of its members has a special role.

a. A command group is permanent and has a formal reporting relationship. An affinity group is permanent but isn't really part of the formal organization structure.

Jian and Jared are engaged in a tech startup. Which of the following statements is true about the influences on their organizational structure? a. Because they have highly skilled technical workers, they should have flat, team-based structures. b. Because the environment changes rapidly, they should centralize authority to control responses. c. Because employees collaborate and are allowed to make decisions, authority needs to be centralized. d. Because they want to be innovative and adaptable, they should aim to be a low-cost producer.

a. Because they have highly skilled technical workers, they should have flat, team-based structures

Leon is a new human resources manager who has been charged with expanding the sales force. Which of the following ideas should he implement for running effective job interviews? a. Make any necessary accommodations if candidates have disabilities. b. Emphasize staff problems and corporate shortcomings so the candidate has a realistic impression of the workplace. c. Open the interview by asking the candidate to tell you something about themselves. d. Conduct the interview in a conference room where you can sit across the table from the candidate.

a. Make any necessary accommodations if candidates have disabilities

Which is a useful email guideline that managers can follow to improve business communications? a. Reread emails to check for spelling and grammar before sending them. b. Respond to each question in an email in separate responses. c. Send group emails regularly to keep people informed. d. Write elaborate and descriptive message lines for clarity.

a. Reread emails to check for spelling and grammar before sending them.

Nancy is the administrator at a community nonprofit. She was hired for her expertise in planning and budgeting, but she has experienced conflicts with personnel. Which of the following statements is true about Nancy's role? a. She is a manager. b. She is a leader. c. She is both a manager and a leader. d. She is neither a manager nor a leader.

a. She is a manager.

The nature of managerial leadership varies depending on the culture. Which of the following countries experiences a low need for managers to have immediate and precise answers to subordinates' questions? a. Sweden b. Germany c. Japan d. Italy

a. Sweden

Different countries have different approaches to conflict culture. Which of the following is true for national cultures that avoid conflict? a. They highly dislike uncertainty. b. They have greater power distance. c. They emphasize individualism. d. They are more egalitarian.

a. They highly dislike uncertainty.

Which of the following questions does Vroom's decision tree approach purport to answer? a. To what extent should my subordinates be involved in making decisions? b. How should I convince my subordinates that the decision I have made is correct? c. To what extent should my decisions reflect the best interests of my subordinates? d. Have I used all the information at hand to make the correct decision?

a. To what extent should my subordinates be involved in making decisions?

You disagree with your boss about a decision, and you're really frustrated. Which of the following strategies would work best to keep this conflict from escalating? a. You can focus on the outcomes you want rather than on your boss's actual position. b. You can speak separately to other people involved in the conflict to get their support. c. You can avoid talking about the problem because it might lead to angry words. d. You can document your boss's actions in order to keep a paper trail for future use.

a. You can focus on the outcomes you want rather than on your boss's actual position.

Sunriver Homes Corporation has identified a need for strong strategic leadership. As they search for a new CEO, what leadership traits will they seek? a. a clear understanding of trends on the horizon b. an ability to maintain the company's traditions c. the managerial skill to oversee day-to-day operations d. sophisticated knowledge and use of distance technologies

a. a clear understanding of trends on the horizon

In which form of alternative dispute resolution does the third party have the authority to impose a settlement on the parties? a. arbitration b. conciliation c. ombudsman d. mediation

a. arbitration

Albert works as a salesperson making $18 an hour plus 5% of every sale he makes. He receives two weeks of paid vacation a year, as well as 50% matching in a 401K retirement fund. In this scenario, $18 an hour represents Albert's __________. a. base pay b. perquisites c. compensation package d. commissions

a. base pay

Amy has been told she needs to improve her active listening skills. Which strategy would help her to do this? a. closely observe the speaker for changes in tone and body language b. ask basic yes/no questions to show signs of comprehension c. increase the level of background noise to tune out distractions d. avoid making too much eye contact so the other person isn't nervous

a. closely observe the speaker for changes in tone and body language

Jess works for the Rainbow Irrigation Company and has been assigned to work with her suppliers in China. There have been disagreements about shipping deadlines and quality of parts. Which of the following strategies would most likely be viewed favorably by the Chinese managers? a. compromise to resolve the issues b. collaborate to solve the problems c. have a solution prepared in advance d. be honest and direct about the issue

a. compromise to resolve the issues

Stephen needs to decide about whether or not to promote his firm's new sportswear line. He knows that his sportswear company's ad campaign will result in the firm earning profits of $575,000. He also knows that if he doesn't run the ad campaign, his company will earn only $100,000. What type of condition is he operating under? a. condition of certainty b. condition of risk c. condition of suboptimizing d. condition of uncertainty

a. condition of certainty

Derek serves on the board of directors for a furniture company. He is also the CEO of a timber company attempting to secure a contract with the furniture company. What situation does this example represent? a. conflict of interest b. environmental sustainability c. corporate social responsibility

a. conflict of interest

Oleg follows Vroom's decision tree to a terminal node and then discusses an important issue with his subordinates individually, getting their opinions before making a decision. Which style did Oleg use? a. consult b. decide c. facilitate d. delegate

a. consult

Your region has many supermarket bakeries, but there aren't any niche cafés offering superior coffee and home-baked goods using local, organic ingredients. You decide to open such a business. Based on these factors, which types of strategic behaviors would help assure that your small enterprise specializes and thrives? a. deliver unique products and services b. hire employees with strong business experience c. explore opportunities for mergers and acquisitions d. offer the best quality product at a low price

a. deliver unique products and services

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is best for managing employees who are new to dealing with ambiguous, unstructured tasks? a. directive b. supportive c. achievement-oriented d. participative

a. directive

Which of the following identifies post-decision dissonance? a. doubt about a choice that has been made b. an innate belief about something without conscious consideration c. more extreme post-discussion attitudes d. staying with a decision even when it appears wrong

a. doubt about a choice that has been made

David is self-aware, manages his emotions, expresses empathy for others, and possesses social skills. He has high __________. a. emotional intelligence b. internal locus of control c. general mental ability d. self-efficacy

a. emotional intelligence

Under the systems perspective, which of the following is NOT an output that managers generate from the four inputs of materials, human resources, financial resources, and information? a. environmental stewardship b. products or services c. profits or losses d. employee behaviors

a. environmental stewardship

Creating smaller units within a larger organization can increase which of the following benefits? a. flexibility b. coordination c. economies of scale d. lower costs

a. flexibility

Relationships with coworkers, bosses, and others we know because of the roles we hold are known as __________. a. formal ties b. intranets c. diagonal ties d. informal ties

a. formal ties

For multinational organizations, which type of structure is best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed? a. global transnational division b. global product division c. regional headquarters d. global area division

a. global transnational division

Strong job satisfaction, greater task motivation, and better social integration at work all tend to be traits associated with __________. a. internal locus of control b. extraversion c. introversion d. external locus of control

a. internal locus of control

Within Odyssey Adventures, Ramon is known as an expert in the hotels, restaurants, and amenities at various luxury destinations. Because he is so enthusiastic and knowledgeable, he is highly effective at encouraging clients to extend their vacation plans with add-on packages and upgraded experiences. Which management skill does this ability best demonstrate? a. interpersonal skills b. technical skills c. diagnostic skills d. conceptual skills

a. interpersonal skills

According to the cognitive view, which of the following is NOT a behavior a person would adopt in order to become a conscious, active participant in their own learning? a. look at consequences and ignore them if necessary to be happy b. let future choices be based on prior learning and consequences c. use past learning as a way to decide their present behavior d. make choices about behavior based on assessing alternatives

a. look at consequences and ignore them if necessary to be happy

Which production technology is characterized by a tall bureaucratic structure with a large managerial span of control? a. mass b. custom c. small batch d. unit

a. mass

Sandra just stepped into the role of CEO for a restaurant chain. Sales have been falling, morale is low, and the properties have become rundown. The board of directors hired her because she's a charismatic leader. Using that style, what steps can she take to turn this organization around? a. model self-confidence and show confidence in subordinates b. set moderate expectations so people can have quick successes c. focus on routine and regimented activities d. engage in a data-driven study about how to increase sales

a. model self-confidence and show confidence in subordinates

Conflict is most likely to escalate due to __________. a. one party involved using aggressive tactics b. a high degree of task interdependence c. differences in people's values or worldviews d. the uncertainty associated with change

a. one party involved using aggressive tactics

Because of their many layers of authority and strong bureaucracy, hospitals tend to have conflict cultures that are characterized by withholding information and withdrawing from work when there's conflict. What type of conflict culture is this? a. passive-aggressive b. collaborative c. dominating d. avoidant

a. passive-aggressive

Dan works as a receptionist. He's happy with his salary, he gets along well with his coworkers and his boss, he feels no stress, and he assumes he can get all of his tasks done proficiently. However, he feels unfulfilled and hopes to get a different job soon. Which of the following does Dan lack? a. person-vocation fit b. person-job fit c. person-group fit d. person-organization fit

a. person-vocation fit

What term refers to the performance improvements that occur because people work together rather than independently? a. process gain b. team efficacy c. cohesiveness d. process loss

a. process gain

When mediating a conflict, what does active listening entail? a. reading the other person's facial expressions b. asking questions designed to get the correct answer c. revealing information to maintain open communication d. taking the person's side to build a relationship

a. reading the other person's facial expressions

Jeff wants to implement a framework for task redesign in his organization. Which of the following reflects the correct order of three of the nine steps he should follow? a. select a task redesign, diagnose existing jobs, do a cost-benefit analysis b. recognize the need for change, formulate a strategy, diagnose leader behavior c. do a cost-benefit analysis, diagnose existing jobs, make a go/no-go decision d. make a go/no-go decision, evaluate the task redesign, formulate a strategy

a. select a task redesign, diagnose existing jobs, do a cost-benefit analysis

What term refers to any system that interacts with the environment through one of the basic senses? a. sensory modality b. sensory perception c. information processor d. learning styles

a. sensory modality

What is a category of issues that management can address through quality-of-work-life programs? a. social integration b. dress codes c. specializing tasks d. self-esteem

a. social integration

What type of change is represented by reengineering and rethinking? a. structural change b. group change c. task change d. individual change

a. structural change

Changing the shape of a team is known as __________. a. structural intervention b. social facilitation c. adaptation d. managerial intervention

a. structural intervention

Which of the following defines communication? a. the transmission of information between people that creates a shared understanding and feeling b. anything that blocks, distorts, or changes a sender's message c. the conversion of information into a message in the form of symbols, pictures, or words d. the transmission of information from one person to another in order to agree on something

a. the transmission of information between people that creates a shared understanding and feeling

Leaders who act as "coaches" within an organization are typically most likely to __________. a. train group members b. initiate group conflicts c. supervise team members d. oversee day-to-day operations

a. train group members

What is the central feature of a 360-degree feedback system? a. wide-ranging feedback, as well as subjective measures of performance b. objective and easily measurable performance standards c. a one-on-one meeting between the employee and the supervisor d. both constructive feedback and destructive criticism

a. wide-ranging feedback, as well as subjective measures of performance

Herzberg's two-factor theory identifies motivating factors for business organizations. Which of the following is a hygiene factor that management could control so that employees aren't dissatisfied with their jobs? a. working conditions b. responsibility c. advancement d. recognition

a. working conditions

Rewards are one of the strongest tools a manager can use to influence employee behavior. You want to develop rewards for the sales force at your company in order to increase profits. Which of the following statements is true about how you should proceed? a. Set high goals so that there's a sense of competition for the rewards. b. Give different rewards to different employees, based on their desires. c. Offer a monthly prize based on total sales. d. Tailor rewards so that top earners can get a head start for success.

b. Give different rewards to different employees, based on their desires.

Developing new ways to hire and train employees and paying them higher wages can result in which of the following benefits? a. It can result in a reduced emphasis on global mindset. b. It can result in better retention of employees. c. It can result in better communication with management. d. It can result in fewer employees being needed.

b. It can result in better retention of employees.

When managing successful organizational change, what does it mean to take a holistic view? a. It involves starting with just one team, making adjustments, and then adopting gradually. b. It encompasses the culture as well as the people, tasks, structure, and information systems. c. It entails considering environmental complexities on a multinational and societal scale. d. It means recognizing uncertainties and ambiguities that arise during a transition time

b. It encompasses the culture as well as the people, tasks, structure, and information systems

Which of the following is true about media richness? a. The more concrete and specific the message, the higher the level of richness that is needed. b. Media that are low in number of cues and language variety are low in richness. c. Videoconferencing is a good way to save travel time and expense during negotiations. d. Immediate feedback reduces richness by promoting irrelevant and tangential commenting.

b. Media that are low in number of cues and language variety are low in richness.

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the trait approach to determining leadership characteristics. Which of the following statements is true about this approach? a. Early studies identified being short as a leadership trait. b. Recent studies have identified a limited set of leadership traits, such as emotional intelligence, drive, and charisma are acknowledged leadership traits. c. Leadership can be predicted by factors such as body shape and handwriting style. d. Women and minorities have been well represented in the trait studies.

b. Recent studies have identified a limited set of leadership traits, such as emotional intelligence, drive, and charisma are acknowledged leadership traits.

Which of the following statements indicates an accurate understanding of organizational culture? a. People who can do well in one organization can do well pretty much anywhere. b. Strong organizational cultures aren't necessarily associated with high performance. c. Skills and experience are way more important in hiring than how a person fits in. d. Within an organization, people explicitly tell newcomers how to adhere to the culture.

b. Strong organizational cultures aren't necessarily associated with high performance.

When might a company best choose to use an extended work schedule? a. The employees are strongly committed to the firm. b. There's a high cost of transitioning between employees. c. The employees need the time to master difficult tasks. d. It allows for a larger and more diversified workforce.

b. There's a high cost of transitioning between employees.

Which of the following statements about communities of practice is true? a. They usually are officially referenced on organizational charts. b. They can use the company intranet to cultivate a sense of community. c. They are generally not recognized by executive leadership. d. They are able to operate independent of any management.

b. They can use the company intranet to cultivate a sense of community

Which of the following statements characterizes mechanistic organizations? a. They are flexible, decentralized, and quickly adaptable. b. They have formal rules and regulations for decision making. c. They can respond quickly to changing market conditions. d. They have less clear lines of authority.

b. They have formal rules and regulations for decision making.

Which of the following skill descriptions would be more important for hiring in the service sector compared to the manufacturing sector? a. ability to set standards for productivity and quality b. ability to effectively interface with varied customers c. ability to decide how to purchase raw materials d. ability to determine the best location and price for facilities

b. ability to effectively interface with varied customers

In the Myers-Briggs framework, Elena is ISFJ. What would be the best job fit for her? a. dispute resolution b. accountant c. artist/designer d. sales/marketing

b. accountant

A professional discussion of an event that enables discovery of what happened, why it happened, and how to sustain strengths and improve on weaknesses is known as a(n) __________. a. performance evaluation b. after-action review c. cost-benefit analysis d. productivity evaluation

b. after-action review

After the employment upheavals of the 2009 recession, top managers began to adopt more empathetic behaviors with employees and began to allow employees to express their fears and anger. Which step of Lewin's Process of Organization Structure would this situation represent? a. new state b. change c. unfreeze d. refreeze

b. change

Which conflict management style emphasizes problem solving and pursues an outcome that gives both parties what they want? a. compromising b. collaborating c. competing d. avoiding

b. collaborating

When integrating employees, under what structure do managers from different units informally work together to coordinate or to identify and solve shared problems? a. cross-functional teams b. direct contact c. permanent task forces d. liaison roles

b. direct contact

What term refers to the degree to which employees have the authority to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems? a. expectancy b. empowerment c. collaboration d. participation

b. empowerment

Research has shown that managers who have good conflict resolution skills __________ than managers who don't. a. fare no better in the workplace b. get more promotions c. use anger more effectively d. get fewer promotions

b. get more promotions

Which of the following is an early perspective on motivation that suggested fostering a false sense of employees' inclusion in decision making would boost job performance? a. scientific management b. human relations approach c. Frederick Taylor's approach d. human resource approach

b. human relations approach

If you decide to take a break and go for a hike in order to focus less consciously on the creative process, which stage in the creative process are you experiencing? a. verification b. incubation c. insight d. preparation

b. incubation

Pensions are an example of __________. a. an award b. indirect compensation c. perquisites d. a profit-sharing plan

b. indirect compensation

This course focuses on how organizations and the behaviors of the people who comprise them all function within the context of an environment. What is the primary focus of parts 2, 3, and 4 of the text, respectively? a. power, politics, conflict b. individuals, groups and teams, leadership c. organizations, behaviors, environment d. organizational design, structure, culture

b. individuals, groups and teams, leadership

According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to ________. a. devote less effort to work b. keep things as they are c. change the way things are d. look harder for signs of inequity

b. keep things as they are

Laila's small company refashions discarded dolls and other toys into utensils and decorative items. Which of the following is the most apt label for her organization? a. service organization b. manufacturer c. cost leader d. technology leader

b. manufacturer

What makes job specialization difficult to implement, even though it seems as if it would be highly effective? a. increased demands placed on each worker b. monotony associated with each task c. high cost of dividing labor among tasks d. high level of expertise required to fulfill each task

b. monotony associated with each task

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management? a. evaluating b. motivating c. budgeting d. organizing

b. motivating

According to prospect theory, people are more strongly motivated by __________ than by __________. a. personal gains, ethics b. potential losses, potential gains c. ethics, personal gains d. potential gains, potential losses

b. potential losses, potential gains

Which of the following behaviors would be most likely to decrease the overall occurrence of politics within an organization? a. enacting change b. reducing uncertainty c. increasing workgroup size d. building coalitions

b. reducing uncertainty

Jamal just began a new job. At first, he is highly formal and addresses people as Mr. or Ms. However, his coworkers don't react warmly to this approach. Therefore, Jamal changes to a more informal style based on the consequences of his actions and discovers that people seem friendlier and more relaxed around him. In learning theory, the coworkers' actions would be known as __________. a. response b. reinforcement c. social learning d. linkage

b. reinforcement

According to goal-setting theory, which of the following strategies is NOT likely to result in improved performance? a. establishing goals that will encourage worker acceptance b. setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures c. holding employees accountable for goals they were involved in setting d. setting goals that are challenging and require effort

b. setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures

Which dimension of task-specific self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished? a. generality b. strength c. performance d. magnitude

b. strength

Which factor determines the degree to which subordinates should participate in the decision-making process, according to Vroom's decision tree approach? a. the personal characteristics of employees b. the characteristics of the situation c. the manager's leadership style d. the characteristics of the group

b. the characteristics of the situation

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic reasons for the rise in the volume of international business? a. a desire to keep pace with competitors gaining market share b. the ease with which companies can obtain financing c. advances in communication and transportation technologies d. a need to control labor costs by moving operations overseas

b. the ease with which companies can obtain financing

Transition management in contemporary organizations is typically overseen by __________. a. the board of directors b. the management team c. change agents d. outside consultants

b. the management team

Which term refers to a group of employees who have a contractual arrangement with an organization that is different from that of another group, despite doing virtually identical work? a. knowledge workers b. tiered workers c. outsourced workers d. contingent workers

b. tiered workers

What is the term for the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively? a. charismatic leadership b. transformational leadership c. transactional leadership d. autocratic leadership

b. transformational leadership

Ashanti is the founder of a small app development firm. She devised a method for meeting deadlines that has proven very effective for her organization. She believes that her method will also work for any other organization. What type of perspective does this belief reflect? a. interactional b. universal c. situational

b. universal

A task characterized by a high degree of structure and intrinsic satisfaction may render leadership behavior __________. a. counterproductive b. unnecessary c. unavoidable d. essential

b. unnecessary

Distributive negotiations occur under zero-sum conditions. What does this mean? a. Both sides lose equally under the negotiation so that neither wins. b. Both sides gain equally under the negotiation so that neither loses. c. Any gain by one party is offset by an equivalent loss to the other party. d. Any gain by one party is offset by an equivalent win for the other party.

c. Any gain by one party is offset by an equivalent loss to the other party.

Which of the following statements is true about the importance of organizational culture? a. A strong culture is always desirable. b. A good business strategy will override corporate culture. c. Culture can give competitive advantages. d. Culture should emphasize results and growth.

c. Culture can give competitive advantages.

You manage a work group of ten secretaries who take turns answering phones, sorting mail, and typing and filing correspondence. Using the job characteristics theory, how can you assure that this team is happy and productive? a. Provide bonuses for low absenteeism and for staying with the company. b. Promote the best workers into lower-level management positions. c. Give them autonomy in deciding how to organize the workload. d. Break the job down into small component tasks and standardize them.

c. Give them autonomy in deciding how to organize the workload.

Which of the following statements is true about escalation of commitment? a. It outlines how a group escalates into a cycle of generate, discuss, and vote. b. It describes the tendency for a group's average post-discussion attitudes to be more extreme than its average pre-discussion attitudes. c. It is also known as the sunk cost fallacy. d. It describes how people are quick to change incorrect decisions.

c. It is also known as the sunk cost fallacy.

Robert owns a manufacturing business and tends to hire young men because he believes they're better able to manage the equipment and tend to understand the technology better. How is his attitude a barrier to inclusion? a. It reveals a perceived threat of loss. b. It reflects his ethnocentrism. c. It represents a stereotyped belief. d. It shows he has a "like me" bias.

c. It represents a stereotyped belief.

How does H&M, the clothing retailer, use a network organization to keep costs down? a. Its design and sales teams are organized around geographic regions. b. Its designers and suppliers are permanently assigned to a product team. c. Its managers control a network of independent clothing suppliers. d. Its designers report to both a product team and a sales manager.

c. Its managers control a network of independent clothing suppliers.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the nature of leadership? a. Leadership is defined in terms of both process and property. b. Leaders guide and direct group members to meet goals. c. Leaders need to use force and formal authority to be successful. d. Leaders use noncoercive influence on the people they work with.

c. Leaders need to use force and formal authority to be successful.

What is one way to enhance horizontal communication? a. Have managers provide regular performance reports and updates. b. Subordinates can engage in daily informal contacts with managers. c. Online videos, wikis, or blogs can be made available to employees. d. CEOs can visit various worksites for face-to-face communication.

c. Online videos, wikis, or blogs can be made available to employees.

A team of Americans and Koreans are working on resolving problems at Korean Air. Tim, an American and a team leader from Houston, understands in advance that there will be cultural challenges in this arrangement. What should he be sensitive to in dealing with his Korean counterparts? a. The Koreans will be willing to directly answer questions about their preferences. b. The Koreans are more likely to bypass senior managers and freely express their ideas. c. The Koreans may not openly disagree with Tim because of his position of authority. d. The Koreans will want to get closure each day and move on to the next agenda item.

c. The Koreans may not openly disagree with Tim because of his position of authority.

Which of the following is a limitation of using Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory as a way to categorize people's behaviors and preferences in the workplace. a. People are complex and shouldn't be labeled. b. The studies focused only on older adults. c. The scientific studies have low reliability. d. The approach is limited to only considering four basic learning styles.

c. The scientific studies have low reliability.

Why does the work teams approach tend to be more effective in countries such as Japan and Sweden? a. They emphasize individual responsibility. b. They are more effective at empowerment. c. Their work and rewards are team centered. d. They offer an extended work schedule.

c. Their work and rewards are team centered.

How can intranets be used to reflect an open and positive organizational culture in a large company with multiple workgroups? a. They can vary in appearance and level of information for different departments. b. They can be carefully edited to avoid uncomfortable feedback. c. They can use stories and symbols to craft the organization's image. d. They can be narrow in scope and reflect a respect for privacy of information.

c. They can use stories and symbols to craft the organization's image.

Some experts believe that groupthink contributed to the failure of NASA's Challenger mission. If this is correct, then which of the following statements is NOT likely true about the Challenger team members? a. They ignored the ethical implications of their decisions. b. They were insulated against opposing outside information. c. They fought constantly and couldn't agree on anything. d. They believed they were invulnerable against failure.

c. They fought constantly and couldn't agree on anything.

Which of the following is a core strength of problem-solving teams? a. Employees can bond from long-standing relationships. b. They can come up with creative products and solutions by operating semi-autonomously. c. They take advantage of employees' expertise by grouping employees who do the actual work. d. They save the company money by communicating using the Internet and other information technologies.

c. They take advantage of employees' expertise by grouping employees who do the actual work.

Which of the following conditions is NOT true for virtual organizations? a. They can exist without a permanent physical office. b. Career paths are challenging for virtual employees. c. They tend to be very simple. d. Companies gain competitive advantages from them.

c. They tend to be very simple.

Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals who have a high need for achievement, according to the acquired needs framework? a. They are able to work hard and then set work aside to play hard. b. They are able to delegate in order to make the best use of their own time. c. They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance. d. They set overly challenging goals and like to take on high risk levels.

c. They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance.

Charles was a relatively new and inexperienced leader assigned to an experienced workgroup with long-standing performance norms and high group cohesiveness. These factors were so strong that nothing Charles did to change things had much effect. What type of leadership substitute is this? a. a leader-member exchange b. an organizational roadblock c. a leadership neutralizer d. an in-group/out-group challenge

c. a leadership neutralizer

Which term refers to demeaning, exploiting, or taking advantage of another or influencing someone to do something they later regret? a. reference b. coercion c. abuse of power d. empowerment

c. abuse of power

When a person's beliefs about a leader change based on the behavior of other people in the situation, this is known as __________. a. transformation b. charisma c. attribution d. transaction

c. attribution

According to Project GLOBE, which of the following is NOT a universal characteristic of strong leaders, regardless of culture or geography? a. being self-sacrificing b. ensuring safety c. being immodest d. acting diplomatic

c. being immodest

Liam wants to influence his team by requesting their advice to solve a problem and to mutually set some performance goals. Which type of influence would this represent? a. inspirational appeals b. ingratiation c. consultation d. personal appeals

c. consultation

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic group performance factors? a. composition b. informal leadership c. cooperation d. cohesiveness

c. cooperation

Anne works for a traditional manufacturing firm. What is the most common means of developing innovation in such an organization? a. entrepreneurship b. organizational socialization c. corporate research d. intrapreneurship

c. corporate research

Divergent thinking is a skill that allows people to see __________ situations, phenomena, or events. a. similarities among b. the limits and benefits of c. differences among d. a meaningful subset of information about

c. differences among

Which is typical of companies with a prebureaucratic structure? a. grouping of people with like skills into departments b. established hierarchies and formal divisions of labor c. early control of organizational decisions and growth d. organized functions around particular products

c. early control of organizational decisions and growth

Which of the following factors is associated with a high level of group cohesiveness? a. large size b. individualism c. external threats d. recent composition

c. external threats

Micah is known as someone who is respectful of and concerned about his subordinates. He effectively communicates so that his subordinates know what is expected of them. How would he be categorized according to the Ohio State leadership studies? a. low consideration, low initiating b. low consideration, high initiating c. high consideration, high initiating d. high consideration, low initiating

c. high consideration, high initiating

Which of the following employee behaviors are associated with effective management? a. working only on job-description tasks b. qualifying for a year-end bonus c. identification with the company d. not asking for raises

c. identification with the company

Elliot finds himself in a discussion about politics and current events in a group meeting. Everyone else joins in because they want to understand more about each other and share opinions. In which stage of group development is this most likely to occur? a. communication and decision making b. control and organization c. mutual acceptance d. motivation and productivity

c. mutual acceptance

Informational diversity has a __________ impact on team performance; demographic diversity often has a __________ impact. a. negative, negative b. negative, positive c. positive, negative d. positive, positive

c. positive, negative

When Walmart founder Sam Walton drove his old pick-up truck to work, his employees embraced his ethic of frugality. What type of power did he display? a. expert b. informational c. referent d. persuasive

c. referent

Angelo is resisting change at his accounting firm because the new rules say he isn't able to hire seasonal tax preparers anymore. What is this source of resistance called? a. overdetermination b. threatened power c. resource allocation d. narrow focus of change

c. resource allocation

All of Linda's coworkers have decided to go along with a new policy regarding getting paid overtime instead of taking comp time. Linda strongly disagrees with this policy, but she decides to say nothing due to __________. a. economic factors b. security c. social factors d. habit

c. social factors

Which of the following is NOT an element that makes up an organization's culture? a. how employees get work done b. trust and positive relationships c. span of control d. shared values, norms, and assumptions

c. span of control

According to the leader-member exchange (LMX) model, employees who are considered part of an in-group experience which of the following behaviors in their "vertical dyad" relationship? a. fewer rewards from the organization b. assignment of simpler tasks c. strong support from leadership d. less access to sensitive information

c. strong support from leadership

Which term refers to similarities and differences among people, including those such as race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities and characteristics, and gender? a. variety diversity b. deep-level diversity c. surface-level diversity d. separation diversity

c. surface-level diversity

Brett and Lina work in different departments, but both receive 3% raises. Most of Brett's coworkers receive a 5% raise. Most of Lina's coworkers receive a 1% raise. Brett is unhappy with his raise, but Lina is happy with hers. Brett and Lina have different reactions to their raises because their raises have different _________. a. financial implications b. objective worth c. symbolic value d. surface value

c. symbolic value

The Delphi technique is a method that allows people to __________. a. generate ideas and then discuss them and vote until reaching consensus b. analyze the benefits of situations, phenomena, or events c. systematically gather the judgments of experts to develop forecasts d. see differences among situations, phenomena, or events

c. systematically gather the judgments of experts to develop forecasts

Which upward influence style emphasizes reason and uses an average amount of influence? a. bystander b. ingratiator c. tactician d. shotgun

c. tactician

A contingency plan specifies what will be done if __________. a. the primary plan is successful b. there is post-decision dissonance c. the primary plan is disrupted d. it is necessary to satisfice

c. the primary plan is disrupted

Implementation of teams is a five-phase process. At one phase in the process, there is a danger that a team will become so internally focused that it may stop communicating with other teams or even develop rivalries with other teams. At which step is this likely to occur? a. start-up b. reality and unrest c. tightly formed d. leader-centered

c. tightly formed

Assume a team is comprised of a marketing professional, a materials specialist, a manufacturing floor manager, a product safety advisor, an advertising department head, and a legal expert. What type of diversity is represented by this group? a. disparity diversity b. separation diversity c. variety diversity d. generational diversity

c. variety diversity

Subunits, such as departments or groups, can also acquire and wield power. Under which condition is this true? a. when a group's work is substitutable or able to be outsourced b. when there are plentiful resources so a subunit can accumulate them c. when the organization is going through a period of uncertainty d. when a group's activities are limited and peripheral to the firm

c. when the organization is going through a period of uncertainty

Which of the following is true about organizational change? a. People and organizations resist change due to decreased uncertainty. b. Resistance to change is a situation that needs to be overcome. c. Resistance may come from the organization but not the individual. d. Overdetermination is an organizational source of resistance to change.

d. Overdetermination is an organizational source of resistance to change.

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions? a. Evaluate how one is being treated by an organization. b. Compare one's own circumstances with those of a comparison-other. c. Form a perception of how a comparison-other is being treated. d. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.

d. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.

Which of the following barriers to communication is an example of selective perception? a. Information is intentionally withheld, ignored, or distorted. b. A message isn't decoded the way the sender intended it. c. Something blocks, changes, or distorts the message. d. The message is seen and heard based on expectations.

d. The message is seen and heard based on expectations.

When each side sacrifices something in order to end the conflict, this is called __________. a. competing b. collaborating c. avoiding d. compromising

d. compromising

Rosa needs to hire a team to develop an online learning platform. She believes the best learning style for this task will be strong technical skills but not necessarily interpersonal skills. What type of people should Rosa hire? a. accommodators b. divergers c. assimilators d. convergers

d. convergers

You have been hired as CEO of a new company focused on providing home health services. What could you do to establish a strong and positive organizational culture? a. let the culture develop organically b. delegate to subordinates the power to maintain culture c. embrace the company's enacted values and norms d. craft organizational vision, values, and goals

d. craft organizational vision, values, and goals

Nonprogrammed decisions require managers to use good judgment and __________. a. clear and specific goals b. procedures c. decision rules d. creativity

d. creativity

Which of the following is NOT an element of managing organization culture? a. changing the organization culture b. teaching the organization culture c. taking advantage of the existing culture d. criticizing the organization culture

d. criticizing the organization culture

What type of communication occurs when top-level executives in an organization seek feedback from white-collar employees at all levels of the organization? a. upward communication b. downward communication c. horizontal communication d. diagonal communication

d. diagonal communication

Given current demographic trends, which of the following is NOT a strategy companies would use to gain a competitive advantage through promoting diversity? a. utilize reverse mentoring b. put women in top management c. create heterogeneous teams d. encourage older workers to retire

d. encourage older workers to retire

Johann is an German-American. Because he's bilingual, he's been assigned to work in Germany. Which influence tactics would he most likely encounter while working there? a. assertiveness and upward appeals b. personal relations and avoidance c. exchange and rational information d. exchanging benefits and coalition

d. exchanging benefits and coalition

Your employee, Steve, has a habit of telling jokes that are sometimes funny but too often inappropriate for the workplace. If you want Steve to stop telling these jokes, what kind of response would be your best choice? a. negative reinforcement b. punishment c. positive reinforcement d. extinction

d. extinction

Which of the following factors did W. Edwards Deming believe should be removed from the workplace? a. diversity b. competition c. hierarchy d. fear

d. fear

According to Hersey and Blanchard, what does appropriate leader behavior depend on? a. follower connection b. follower charisma c. follower in-group status d. follower readiness

d. follower readiness

What type of innovation reflects continuous technical improvement and extends the applications of existing innovations? a. radical b. systems c. disruptive d. incremental

d. incremental

Organizational behavior is defined as the study of three interrelated areas, one of which is the __________. a. maximization of an organization's human resources b. profitability and capital value of the business c. management of interpersonal conflict in the workplace d. interface between individuals and the organization

d. interface between individuals and the organization

Power held due to the position of authority is called __________ power. a. informational b. referent c. expert d. legitimate

d. legitimate

Which of the following involves an impartial third party who facilitates a discussion using persuasion and logic, establishes each side's priorities, and suggests a settlement that does not have to be accepted? a. dictation b. conciliation c. arbitration d. mediation

d. mediation

Shell Oil is part of a system that uses materials, human resources, financial resources, and information to affect its environment. Which of the following is NOT one of Shell Oil's outputs? a. employee contributions to communities b. taxes paid to the government c. value to shareholders d. money received from oil and gas sales

d. money received from oil and gas sales

Which of the following traits is NOT considered a positive in organizational settings? a. extraversion b. high agreeableness c. high conscientiousness d. more neurotic

d. more neurotic

Arthur appears to be poised, calm, resilient, and secure. He displays low __________. a. openness b. conscientiousness c. extraversion d. neuroticism

d. neuroticism

Which of the following is a goal of a realistic job preview? a. selling a candidate on the job and the company b. presenting only negative information to the candidate c. describing the job opportunity in the most positive light d. presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate

d. presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate

Organizational politics are a function of both individual employees and organizational culture. Which of the following would NOT be considered political behavior under the right circumstances? a. controlling communication b. image management c. coalition building d. providing access to information

d. providing access to information

In collectivist cultures, which of the following factors typically takes precedence over specific tasks or responsibilities? a. low power distance b. masculinity c. uncertainty avoidance d. relationships

d. relationships

Which of the following are "growth needs" in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a. physiological and security b. esteem and security c. security and belonging d. self-actualization and esteem

d. self-actualization and esteem

Abby has been charged with creating a media strategy with a high level of richness. Currently, her firm uses mainly email and formal written correspondence. Abby's goals are to increase interactivity and the firm's ability to communicate multiple cues to customers. Of the following communication media, which could Abby adopt because they are very high in richness? a. personal written and telephone b. telephone and email c. email and instant messaging d. videoconferences and face-to-face

d. videoconferences and face-to-face