205 fluid volume disturbances
iv size colors
14g: orange, 16g: gray, 18g: green, 20g: pink, 22g: blue, 24g: yellow
iv catheter sizes
18g: preop, blood, trauma 20g: general use, ok for scope procedures 22g: small veins, elderly
hypertonic solution
a solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution d10w, 3-5% ns, 3-5% nacl, d5lr, d50.9ns, d50.45ns
hypotonic solution
a solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution 1/2 ns, 0.45 ns
isotonic solution
a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell lr, 0.9 ns, 0.9 nacl, d5w
applying tourniquet
apply 4-5 inches above proposed iv insertion site tourniquet should stay flat against skin or it's on too tight pts w/ htn may need a looser grip or vein will "blow" quicker some use bp cuff instead
monitor for:
bleeding, hematomas, numbness and tingling
hypervolemia
bounding pulses, increased bp, jvd, tachycardia, presence of s3 anorexia, nausea, pulmonary congestion loc changes, confusion, ha, seizures
phlebitis
causes: injury during venipuncture, prolonged use of same iv site, irritating/incompatible iv additives, use of vein that is too small for the flow rate, use of needle size too large for vein size
hemodilution can occur if:
drawn from above iv site
gerontologic considertations
increased sensitivity to fluid and electrolyte changes assess i/o, side effects of meds (diuretics), pts ability to determine fluid and electrolyte needs
infiltration
results when the infusion cannula becomes dislodged from the vein and fluids are infused into the surrounding tissues
if someone has small veins?
rub it, tap it, use heat, vein finder
iv complications
thrombophlebitis, hematoma, fluid overload, air embolism
hemolysis of specimens can occur if
tourniquet on too long, increased probing or manipulation of site, sclerosed or occluded veins, having tip of needle at edge of vein which can break cells on transfer
