2.1: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

nucleus

Cell structure that contains the genetic material, DNA. ~DNA is stored in a cell's nucleus.

eukaryotic cell

Cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. ~Organisms with eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes.

prokaryotic cell

Cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles ~Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes. Prokaryotic cells are usually smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. They do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA, or genetic material, forms a single large circle that coils up on itself. The DNA is located in the main part of the cell.

cytoplasm

Entire contents of the cell inside the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus. ~All cells have a cytoplasm

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Nucleic acid that is the genetic material of all organisms. ~The nucleus is where the cell stores its DNA.

ribosome

Organelle in which proteins are made (protein synthesis). ~ Ribosomes are the non-membrane bound organelles where proteins are made, a process called protein synthesis.

mitochondrion (plural mitochondria)

Organelle of the cell in which energy is generated. ~The mitochondria is one of the organelles of a eukaryotic cell.

endoplasmic reticulum

Organelle that is the site of lipid synthesis and protein modification. ~The endoplasmic reticulum is one of the organelles of a eukaryotic cell.

Golgi apparatus

Organelle that processes and packages proteins. ~the Golgi apparatus is one of the organelles of a eukaryotic cell.

prokaryote

Organism that lacks a nucleus; i.e. bacteria. ~Organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes

eukaryote

Organism with cells containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. ~ Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes. All multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotes. Eukaryotes may also be single-celled.

organelle

Structure within the cell that has a specific role. ~ These are some of the organelles of a eukaryotic cell: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

plasma membrane

The lipid barrier that surrounds the cell; known as the cell membrane. ~is the phospholipid layer that surrounds the cell and protects it from the outside environment.