2.12 simple carbohydrates -biology
Monosaccharides are an essential part of both _____ and _____
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribose and ribose are monosaccharides found in
DNA and RNA, respectively.
purpose of simple carbohydrates
Many simple carbohydrates are put together to make complex carbohydrates, some of which are used by plants to build their various structures.
Glucose has a chemical formula of C6H12O6 and exists in two main structural forms which are?
a boat shape and a chair shape
disaccharide
a carbohydrate molecule composed of two monosaccharides bonded together
Carbohydrates are
a class of organic compounds made exclusively from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
lactose
a disaccharide sugar that is commonly found in milk; consists of galactose and glucose
sucrose
a disaccharide, with glucose and fructose subunits
What is sucrose composed of?
a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule bonded together
glucose
a monosaccharide with the chemical formula C6H12O6 used by cells for energy
deoxyribose
a monosaccharide; the sugar component of DNA
ribose
a monosaccharide; the sugar component of RNA
monosaccharide
a simple sugar
Simple carbohydrates are often used as
a source of energy.
monosaccharides are made of one _______ ______ and include _____, _____, _____
are made of one sugar molecule and include glucose, fructose, galactose
What caused cavities?
bacteria feeding off the sugar left on your teeth that cause the cavities.
DNA contains the instructions for
building proteins
What is one of the most endangered species on earth?
bumblebee bat, less than 2 g each (lighter than a dime) found in Thailand
a body coverts _____, ____, and ____ into usable _____
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins energy
All carbohydrates contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1.
Lactose
common disaccharide found in milk products
Simple carbohydrates may bond to one another to make
complex carbohydrates
Genes, which transfer traits from parent to offspring, are part of an organism's _____
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Integral components of the molecules DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are the sugars _____ and _____
deoxyribose Opens in modal popup windowand ribose Opens in modal popup window,
The word food in its most basic sense means what?
food
Fructose is a common monosaccharide found in what?
fruit
Fructose
fruit sugar
Nucleic acids are the molecules that contain and implement what?
genetic control over the cell
After being ingested, fructose is converted into
glucose
The body converts proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into
glucose
food is ultimately broken down into _____
glucose
Sucrose
glucose + fructose
The chemical formula for Fructose is the same as what?
glucose but exists in a different structural form
The structure difference between glucose and fructose is an example of
how structure relates to function.
glucose is broken down
in a series of reactions to produce usable energy for cells.
Glucose often bonds with itself and other monosaccharides to form
many other types of carbohydrates.
What is milk sugar?
milk produced by mammals
Glucose is a _____
monosaccharide
The basic unit of all carbohydrates is a single sugar called a
monosaccharide mono means one
Disaccharides such as sucrose result when two _____form a chemical bond.
monosaccharides
simple carbohydrates include
monosaccharides and disaccharides
deoxyribose and ribose are both _____
monosaccharides with five carbon atoms
carbohydrates
one of the four major classes of large organic molecules made from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Simple carbohydrates are made of
one or two sugar molecules and are often used as an energy source for living things.
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are simple carbohydrates made of
one or two sugars, respectively
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
single sugar molecules
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
single sugar molecules, or monosaccharides
What s the chemical name for table sugar?
sucrose
What two plants make sucrose naturally?
sugar cane and sugar beets
Disaccharides are made of two _____ _____ and include _____ and include_____ and _____
sugar molecules and include sucrose and lactose
RNA is integral to the what?
synthesis of those proteins.
Glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
How do you draw a sugar ring?
use shapes such as pentagons or hexagons In some cases, the carbon atoms are left out of the drawing as a matter of shorthand.
How is lactose formed?
when a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule form a chemical bond.
What is sucrose used for?
widely used as a sweetener
What is the chemical formula of glucose?
Single sugars like glucose usually have 5 or 6 carbon atoms (C) that are formed in a ring structure. Notice the chemical formula for this monosaccharide: C6H12O6
What is the general ratio of a carbohydrate atom?
1:2:1, which means there are an equal number of carbon and oxygen atoms, and twice as many hydrogen atoms, in every carbohydrate.
