217 chapter 3

Identify the approximate lung capacities in milliliters in the average healthy man and woman between 20 and 30 years of age.

Lung Capacities include Vital capacity: In adult male average value is 4800mL, and in adult women average value is 3200mL. Inspiratory capacity: In adult male average value is 3600mL, and in adult women average value is 2400mL. Functional residual capacity: In adult male average value is 2400mL, and in adult women average value is 1800mL. Total lung capacity: In adult male average value is 6000mL, and in adult women average value is 4200mL.

3. Identify the approximate lung volumes in milliliters in the average healthy man and woman between 20 and 30 years of age.

Lung Volumes include: Tidal volume: In adult male average value is 500 mL, and in adult women average value is 400-500 mL. Inspiratory reserve volume: The adult male average value is 3100mL, and the adult women average value is 1900mL. Expiratory reserve volume: The adult male average value is 1200mL, and the adult women average value is 800mL. Residual volume: The adult male average value is 1200mL, and the adult women average value is 1000mL.

Identify the lung volumes and lung capacities changes that occur in obstruction. These two changes (obstructive and restrictive) lung disorders disrupt the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood.

Obstructive lung disorder is a variety of abnormal conditions of the tracheobronchial tree such as secretions that cause a reduction of gas flow out of the lungs. This reduction is especially in exhalation. We can see that (RV,Vt,and FRC) are increased, and the (VC, IC, IRV, and ERV) are decreased. The FEV(1)/FVC ratio is the best indicator of an obstruction lung disorder. Some examples of obstructive lung disorders are: CF, bronchitis, asthma, bronchiectasis, and emphysema.

Identify the lung volumes and lung capacities changes that occur in restrictive lung disorders. (Volumes and lung capacities changes in both two obstructive and restrictive lung disorders disrupt the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood)

Restrictive lung disorder is a pathological condition that causes a restriction of the lungs or chest wall. Which, in turn, causes a decreased in lung volumes and capacities. We can see that (VC, IC, RV, FRC, Vt, and TLC) are all decreased. Some examples of restrictive lung disorders are: Pneumonia, pulmonary edema, flail chest, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, chronic interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and postoperative alveolar collapse (atelectasis)

Define the following lung volumes: Tidal volume ( TV) Inspiratory reserve volume ( IRV) Expiratory reserve volume ( ERV) Residual volume ( RV)

Tidal volume: The amount of air inhaled and exhaled which each breath during quite breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume: The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled before the Vt Expiratory reserve volume: The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal Vt. Residual volume: The amount of air still in the lungs after a forced ERV.

Define the following lung capacities: Vital capacity ( VC) Inspiratory capacity ( IC) Functional residual capacity ( FRC) Total lung capacity ( TLC)

Vital capacity: The maximum value of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration. (VC=RIV+Vt+ERV) Inspiratory capacity : The volume air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation. (IC=Vt+IRV) Functional residual capacity: The volume air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation. ( FRC=ERV+R) Total lung capacity: The maximum amount of air that the lungs can accommodate. TLC=Vt+IRV+ERV+RV