220-901 A+ Review Questions (In depth)
What is it called when power is completely interrupted in a given service area and can last for an undetermined amount of time?
A Blackout
What is it called when power sometimes "sags" or dips in voltage level of an electrical line?
A Brownout
USB to Wi-Fi dongle
A USB adapter with wireless capability so that one can connect to a wireless network when a wireless adapter is not present on the laptop.
All hardware needs the ______.
BIOS
_____ is a ROM chip located on all motherboards that allows you to access and set up your computer system at the most basic level The process of changing the ROM is called "flashing the ROM"
BIOS (Basic input/output system)
What type of cable connector is a quick connect and quick disconnect used in coaxial cables? Mostly used in older bus networks.
BNC (Bayounet Neill-Councelman) connector
What is the difference between BSS and EBSS infrastructure modes?
BSS (Basic Service Set): Has a single WAP. EBSS (Extended Basic Service Set): Service can be extended by adding more than one WAPs.
Multiboot installation is also known as a dual-boot installation, where Windows is installed side by side with another operating system on the same drive. Windows enables a user to shrink the C: partition if one chooses to dual boot. MAC OS X offers a software called ______ ___________ that gives the ability to install Windows on an Apple computer.
Boot Camp
What is the name of the software that can be found on MAC OS X for creating a dual boot of operating systems?
Boot Camp
What are the two main issues found with plasma monitors?
Burn-in and overscan
How is DRAM differentiated from each other?
By the notch placement and number of pins.
What does the acronym DORA mean in the DHCP process?
D - Discover O - Offer R - Request A - Acknowledge
_________________ is a utility that reduces the amount of fragmentation by physically organizing the contents of the disk to store the pieces of each file contiguously. you should defragment a HDD when user is not using the PC Reasons to defragment: 1. Read-write head moves all over to retrieve a file 2. Data-recovery utilities may not work
Defragmentation you should defragment a HDD when user is not using the PC Reasons to defragment: 1. Read-write head moves all over to retrieve a file 2. Data-recovery utilities may not work
What program does Microsoft include with Windows to partition and format a drive?
Disk management
What is DNS?
It translates domain names into IP addresses and vice versa.
What are the two types of projectors you need to know for the 220-901 A+ examination?
Rear View (legacy projector) Front View (standard for today's LCD projectors)
port replicator
A ______ ____________ is a smaller device used with a laptop that allows a number of devices such as a printer, large monitor, and keyboard to be simultaneously connected. It is similar to a docking station , but does not include expansion slots.
Tablet PC (Hybrid or 2-in-1)
A _______ ____ is a Windows tablet that is also a laptop computer. The tablet is attached to a keyboard that can be easily removed. The screen can fold multiple ways and bend 180 degrees. It is known by several names, including "detachable," convertible, Hybrid or 2-in-1
fitness monitor
A ________ _________ allows you to keeps track of fitness goals. It can count steps and monitor heart rate. Two types: FOBS that clip to your body and Wristbands
Two types of projectors are ______ view and ______ view.
Rear View - Legacy and once very popular for projective TVs Front View - Standard for today (i.e. LCD Projector)
CPU register vs CPU cache
Summary of Similarities: Both resides within the processor chip. Both are faster than any other memory. Both are divided in various types/levels. Summary of Differences: Registers are both faster as well as nearest to cpu than cache. Registers are crucial for the cpu, without registers cpu will not perform in feasible amount of time. Cache can be seen as faster ram, which can help only if the same data is needed again (& again) or if we could predict which data will be needed next (or soon).
In regards to monitor issues, if you are experiencing video card problems, it may be due to: 1. Corrupted drivers 2. Bad drivers 3. overheating 4. failed adapters
TRUE
LED monitors offer many benefits when compared to those that are CCFL LCD lit including: 1. Typically are less expensive. 2. Broader dimming range. 3. Overall more reliable. 4. They run at a lower temperature, and consume much less power, as few as 20 watts. 5. Higher dynamic contrast ratio. 6. Longer lifespan and less environmental impact.
TRUE
Laser Printing Process: 1. PROCESSING: - computer sends the print data to the printer. 2. CHARGING (conditioning): - drum surface charged to -600 V by the primary charging roller (primary corona wire) 3. EXPOSING: - laser beam writes -100 V image to drum surface 4. DEVELOPING: - positively charged toner applied to -100 V areas of the drum causing it to adhere to it. 5. TRANSFERRING: - toner drawn off drum and onto paper. The transfer charging roller places a negative (>-100) charge on the paper to pull the toner from the drum onto the paper 6. FUSING: - heat and pressure fuse toner to paper 7. CLEANING: - drum is cleaned of residual toner and charge. Sweeper strip cleans the drum of residual toner which is then swept away by sweeping blade. Erase lamps light the surface of the drum to neutralize any electrical charge that might remain, in order to prepare for the next print job.
TRUE
Mobile Device Accessories include: Headsets Used to listen to audio. Speakers Used to listen to audio at a higher quality than that of the built-in speakers on a mobile device. Game pads Used for game-playing. Most game pads have multiple joysticks and multiple buttons. Docking stations A device a mobile device plugs into. A docking station has expansion ports for a full-size monitor, a full-size keyboard, and other expansion ports. Extra battery packs and chargers Provides for a backup battery in case the original battery fails to work or simply runs out of battery life. Protective covers Used to help waterproof a device. Sometimes this is a thin sheet of covering on a mobile device screen. Sometimes this is a back cover on a smartphone. Credit card readers A small device that plugs into the speaker port on the phone and then allows one to swipe credit cards and record transactions in a credit card app. Memory/MicroSD cards Used to expand storage capabilities on a mobile device.
TRUE
Mobile OS Features use purely graphical user interface (GUI). Features include: 1. Multi-touch 2. Wi-Fi calling 3. Virtual Assistants: - Siri (Apple) - Google Now (Android) - Cortana (Windows)
TRUE
Monitor connections include: - HDMI - DVI-D - DVI-A - DVI-I - Display port - S-video - Components and Composite RCA
TRUE
Nowadays, configuring an email app for a mobile device is an automatic process. However, there are some circumstances when you have to manually enter information. Configuring an Email App: INCOMING EMAIL: POP3 - port 110 POP3 (secure) port 995 Has the option to either leave email on server or download to mobile device. The device that it is downloaded on is the only device that can access the email. IMAP - port 143 IMAP (secure) - port 993 Email stays on the server. This is mainly used today. All devices will be able to access the email. OUTGOING EMAIL: SMTP - 25 SMTP (secure) - 465 or 587 S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Email Extensions) -Used to configure digital signature settings for email and contacts on a corporate address book.
TRUE
Popular Email apps include: 1. Apple iCloud 2. Microsoft Exchange 3. Microsoft Outlook 4. Google (Gmail) 5. Yahoo 6. AOL
TRUE
The base speeds for optical discs: CD - 150 kbps DVD - 1.39 mbps Blue-ray - 4.5 mbps For example, If you have a DVD with 4x multiplier, the actual speed of that optical disc is: 1.39 x 4 = 5.6 mbps
TRUE
True or False: Disk Management: drive status(es) include: 1. Healthy - Working without errors 2. Failed - Problem with hard drive or file system is corrupt 3. Online - Windows recognizes the disk and you can read or write to the disk 4. Active - Holds the OS Boot Record at the beginning of the partition There has to be an Active partition for Windows to boot 5. Unallocated - Not partitioned yet 6. Formatting - While the disk is being formatted with a file system 7. Offline - Corrupted or drive has become disconnected 8. Foreign Drive - A hard drive that has been moved to another computer 9. Healthy (at risk) - Can be used, but has errors
TRUE
True or False: Home Theater PC (HTPC) has 5 main components, which include: 1. A monitor, television, or projector 2. Surround sound speakers 3. Stereo receiver 4. Home theater PC 5. Network connectivity
TRUE
laptop function keys
The Fn keys are across the top of the keyboard Press the Fn key on the keyboard and then one of the top keys F1 - F12 Settings are unique to laptop -Dual display -Turn wireless on and off (first place to troubleshoot if someone can't connect wirelessly) -Turn Bluetooth on and off -Brightness -Volume -Disable touchpad (my favorite!) Fn + f9 on the most ASUS laptops
RAID 1 (mirroring)
Two drives are used in unison, and all data is written to both drives, giving you a mirror or extra copy of the data, in the case that one drive fails requires 2 drives supports redundancy
What is the software portions of the OS that the user will interact with during usage?
User Interface (UI)
windows vista editions
Windows Vista Home Basic Windows Vista Home Premium Windows Vista Business Windows Vista Ultimate Windows Vista Enterprise
What is the command line protocol in Windows and Linux to display the current TCP/IP network configuration values?
Windows: ipconfig Linux: ifconfig
What is the name of the device that is the physical connection between a wired and wireless network?
Wireless Access Point (WAP)
When CLEANING A PRINTER, you should clean the outside with a damp cloth (do NOT use ammonia-based cleaners). However, you would clean the inside of the printer with a dry cloth. Do not blow out toner with compressed air, use a ________ _________ instead. Of note, software may be used to clean inkjet nozzles and align cartridges.
antistatic vacuum -Toner-certified vacuum cleaner
Audio Editing Workstation requires an ________ ___________, and specialized audio editing/mixing software, as well as extra ______ for more input devices.
audio interface - a box that attaches to a PC with inputs that enable you to connect professional microphones and instruments. Specialized audio editing/mixing software Extra ports such as USB or Firewire for more input devices
On a laptop, when replacing a system board, start with removing components from the _______ of the laptop. Then, remove the components from the ______ of the laptop. Make sure to keep track of EVERY step and EVERY screw
back front
On an inkjet printer, if you experience a paper jam, you would open the _______ _______ and remove paper.
back door
__________ _____ connects the CPU to Level 2 cache This bus operates at a faster speed than the FSB. It is usually the same speed as the processor, so caching works as efficiently as possible
backside bus
Artifacts are things that appear on a monitor when they should not be there. It is also known as "ghosting." If your monitor is displaying artifacts it may be due to a ______ cable or a graphics driver issue.
bad
If you are experiencing monitor issues, it may be due to a _____ monitor
bad
In general, if the page has garbled characters, it may be because the wrong ________ is installed.
driver
If the monitor only boots in VGA mode, it may be due to corrupted ________ or the video card failing in some way.
drivers
In order to use a shared printer, the remote PC must have network printer ___________, which can be installed from the setup CD, manufacturer's website, or host PC.
drivers
In general, on a laser printer, if you are seeing "ghost images" on the printed documented, it may be because the _______ is damaged in some way.
drum
On a laser printer, while printing, if you see "ghosted images" also known as artifacts, you would check ____ or ______ ___________ and replace if necessary.
drum toner cartridge
Many 24-Pin ATX connectors come with a separation between 4 of the pins and the remaining pins. This is for backward compatibility with older motherboards that only have a 20-pin power supply connection. The 4 pins do not get plugged into the motherboard anywhere else. This type of connector is known as ______ ______ _____________ OR ______ _______________.
dual 20/24 connector aka 20+4 connector
On a laser printer, if the printer pauses then resumes during long periods of printing, the printer is _____________ and needs to ________ _________.
overheated cool down
You are troubleshooting paper jams on an inkjet printer. What are the two most likely causes?
using the wrong type of paper worn pickup roller
On an inkjet printer, if printing is intermittent or absent, you would _______ ________, check ink, and/or _______ ___________.
verify driver check ink clean nozzles
The ______ _______ handles all the communication between the CPU and the monitor
video card (display adapter)
Like the 6 +2 pin PCIe, the 8-pin PCIe connector provides supplemental power to _______ _______. (max of 150 watts)
video cards
______ ________ draw the most power.
video cards
Page file (swap file) is the _________ __________ area of a hard drive.
virtual memory
_______ ________ uses a portion of a hard drive that is used as an extension of RAM by a PC and is used for page files or swap files. The PC utilizes this if it starts to run out of RAM System Recommendations: - 32-bit Windows - 2 GB minimum; (4 GB for best results) - 64-bit Windows - 4 GB minimum; (8 GB better results); 16 GB for processor intensive work
virtual memory
___________________ ____________ enables the running of more than one OS at the same time on a single PC Saves floor space, electricity, and money
virtualization workstation
DRAM is considered to be __________ It requires power to maintain the stored information; it retains its contents while powered on but when the power is interrupted, the stored data is lost very rapidly or immediately.
volatile
pressure =
voltage (v)
Electricity is a flow of negatively charged particles, called electrons, through matter. All matter enables the flow of electrons. The pressure of the electrons in a wire is called the __________ and is measured in units called ________ The amount of electrons moving past a certain point on a wire is called the ____________ or ___________, and is measure in __________
voltage, volts (v) current or amperage, amps (a)
The amount of amps and volts needed for a device is expressed as ______________ The correlation between the three is expressed as: (V)olts x (A)mps = (W)atts
wattage (w)
work =
wattage (w)
If mobile device is lost, you can implement location tracking of your iPhone and/or enable remote ______ capabilities to erase data. Before the device is lost or stolen, you should have a pass code lock or biometrics lock enabled; multifactor authentication; preset restrictions on failed attempts; and backup the device.
wiping
________ ______ will have 2 or 3 wires attached to use and will usually be in a mini-PCIe slot. Label the wires before replacing a __________ ________ so that the new card will be properly connected. If there is an extra cable available, it is most likely a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cable.
wireless card
____________ compress both video and audio streams in the video file. Types include: ASF - Used mainly for WMA and WMV streams AVI - Standard for Windows FLV (Flash Video) - Used in flash video MOV - Apple QuickTime MPEG Transport Stream (MPEG-TS) - Broadcasting that can handle many streams Ogg - Open source
wrappers
What is the traditional size of a desktop PC hard drive?
3.5"
What is the maximum speed of a USB 3.0 cable?
5 Gbps
laptop "no bluetooth"
Check drivers Make sure Bluetooth stack is installed
Software RAID uses Windows to implement RAID. It does not require special controllers, like Hardware RAID. However, you do need ________ software. The setup is done by using the ________ ________ ________. Software RAID is often used when price takes priority over performance. Uses regular ATA controllers or SATA controllers Software RAID tends to overwork OS
"smart" software Disk Management utility.
Hard drive to Latency Ratio
(1 / (SpindleSpeed / 60)) * 0.5 * 1000; Which factors down to this much simpler formula: 30000 / Spindle Speed The result is a value in milliseconds (ms).
Criteria for replacement power supply
-Uses correct form factor -Adequately rated for power in watts -Has necessary power connectors
What is the recommended amount of memory (RAM) for a netbook?
1 - 2 GB
What does a 1 and a 0 mean in the binary system?
1 = The bit is turned on 0 = The bit is turned off
What is the minimum amount of RAM needed for a 32-bit and 64-bit copy of Windows 8/8.1?
1 GB (32-bit) and 2 GB (64-bit)
Solid State drives have a capacity of data from______ GB to ______ GB.
1 GB - 512 GB
What is the recommended GBs of a video card in a gaming PC?
1 GB video RAM or higher
How many devices can a wide SCSI support?
15 devices
How many pins are found on a SATA connector?
15 pins
The SATA power connector is larger with _____ pins, while the SATA data connector is ____ pins.
15 pins 7 pins
USB 3.0 transfers digital data at _______ Gbps. The max cable length is 5 M, but it is recommended to use _______.
5 Gbps, 3 M cable length (blue)
What is the maximum cable length of a USB 2.0 cable (in meters)?
5 meters
A customer is choosing a processor for a new computer and needs to decide on whether to use a processor that supports hyperthreading or dual-core processor. How do the two processor types differ?
1. A dual core processor provides better performance for multithreaded applications than a hyperthreading processor. 2. A dual core processor has two independent caches, while a processor with hyperthreading only has one cache.
Disk management includes 2 types of disk, which are ___________ and __________.
1. Basic Most often used with Windows. Refers to a disk that contains partitions, such as primary partitions and logical drives, and these in turn are usually formatted with a file system to become a volume for file storage. Provides a simple storage solution that can accommodate a useful array of changing storage requirement scenarios. 2. Dynamic Provides features that basic disks do not. The ability to create volumes that span multiple disks (spanned and striped volumes) and the ability to create fault-tolerant volumes (mirrored and RAID volumes).
What are 4 types of PAN networks?
1. Bluetooth 2. Infrared 3. NFC 4. Personal Hotspot
Where would you obtain required OS compatible printer drivers?
1. CD bundled with the printer 2. Manufacturer's website 3. Windows Drivers
In disk management, when installing a new HDD, you must create new volumes, _________ the disk, ________ _______ by extending it or shrinking it. For windows to recognize the HDD, it must be __________ and ____________
1. Create new volumes Identify how much of the drive you want to dedicate to the new volume (partition) 2. Initialize the disk - Formatting the disk to hold information 3. Resize volumes - Make the volume larger (extend) Or shrink it (Vista and up) partitioned and formatted
Process of writing data on an optical disc:
1. Data written using laser beam 2. Data burned (etched) with lands (1) and pits (0) 3. Acrylic surface added to protect the data
Cleaning laptop
1. Do not disassemble for routine cleaning 2. Clean LCD panel with a soft dry cloth 3. Use compressed air -Keyboard, track ball, touch pad, air vents 4. Use contact cleaner -Contact cleaner is compressed air with a cleaning agent that evaporates (Isopropyl alcohol) -Under key caps -Battery connections Most importantly keep your laptop secure: -Physical lock to secure laptop to a table -Cable locks that connect laptop to a table leg or some other object when traveling -Don't forget Windows key - L!
Windows supports two different partitioning methods:
1. MBR (Master Boot Record) Can create up to four partitions on a basic disk using the MBR partition scheme: either four primary partitions, or three primary and one extended. The extended partition can contain one or more logical drives. The extended partition may or may not be located at the end of the disk, but it is always a single contiguous space for logical drives 2. GUID (Globally Unique Identifier) (GPT) Systems running Windows Server 2003 with SP1 and later can use. A basic disk using the GPT partition style can have up to 128 primary partitions, while dynamic disks will have a single LDM partition as with MBR partitioning. Allows partitions larger than 2 terabytes. Added reliability from replication and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) protection of the partition table.
3 methods to improve processor performance
1. Multiprocessing Processor contains more than one ALU - executes processes (programs) at the same time Most modern processors have two ALUs allowing the processor to process two instructions at one time 2. Multiple processors Installing more than one processor on a motherboard 3. Multi-core processing Processor housing contains two or more cores operating at same frequency, independently of each other Dual core, triple core, quad core, octa core
laptop types of batteries
1. Ni-Cad (nickel-cadmium) - Had battery memory issues You needed to use the battery completely before recharging Also not environmentally friendly 2. NiMH (nickel-metal-hydride) - Could store twice as much power and didn't have the memory problem as bad as Ni-Cad 3. Lithium Ion - Weigh anywhere from 20% - 35% less than NiMH and don't suffer from the memory problem
what is the proper order of the laser printing process?
1. Process 2. charge 3. expose 4. develop 5. transfer 6. fuse 7. clean
What are the 7 steps in the laser printing process? (hint: PCEDTFC)
1. Processing 2. Charging (conditioning) 3. Exposing 4. Developing 5. Transferring 6. Fusing 7. Cleaning
What is the maximum speed of a Thunderbolt 2 cable?
20 Gbps
What is the maximum speed of a Fast SCSI device (SCSI-2)?
20 MBps
If you spill something sticky on a laptop keyboard, what are the steps to clean it?
1. Pry the keytops loose 2. Clean the keytops in mild soap and water 3. Clean the keyswitches with isopropyl alcohol 4. Clean key hinges with isopropyl alcohol 5. Allow everything to dry 6. reassemble keytops
Signs of HDD failure include read/write failure, ________ ___________ or loud ________ noise. Always be sure you quickly backup your data off of the failing drive
1. Read/write failure Drive is beginning to fail or you have a cable failure 2. Slow performance 3. Loud clicking noise
In order to maintain a HD, you should remove temporary/older files, perform _______ __________, delete temporary internet files, remove unnecessary applications, _____________ the hard drive, and _________ ______.
1. Remove temporary files and older files. - Go to Run Command type %temp% 2. Disk Cleanup - Users can select which volume they want to clean up - Go to Run or Search type cleanmgr.exe - Windows Vista and 7 Start All Programs- Accessories System Tools Disk Cleanup 3. Delete Temporary Internet Files 4. Remove unnecessary applications 5. Defragment the hard drive 6. Backup data
In Disk Management, a dynamic disk is classified as ________, ____________, ________ or __________.
1. Simple - A dynamic volume that is made up of disk space from a single dynamic disk. 2. Spanning - A dynamic volume consisting of disk space on more than one physical disk. 3. Striped - A dynamic volume that stores data in stripes (evenly divided) on two or more physical disks. 4. Mirrored - A dynamic volume that provides an identical twin of the selected volume.
What are the benefits of the NTFS file system?
1. Supports larger hard drive partition sizes. 2. Better security for files and folders. 3. Provides for compression and encryption for files and folders. 4. Allows for disk quotas
How would you protect your system from ESD?
1. Use ground accessories: - ground bracelet - antistatic wrist strap - antistatic mat - static shielding bags - ESD gloves 2. Touch computer case before touching components 3. Touch person when passing components 4. Remove jewelry and work on hard floors 5. Unplug power cord before working inside case
What are the 4 things that you can do on a smart watch?
1. check email 2. play music 3. read text messages 4. receive notifications.
If applications are not loading on your mobile device, what may be the cause?
1. device may not meet the hardware requirements 2. the app is not intended for the device (including the OS or version of the firmware)
Which voltages does a 6-pin Aux connector have?
3.3 V and 5 V
How many speakers are in Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound setup?
5 speakers plus a subwoofer
BIOS monitoring
1. temperature monitoring Monitors temp of the CPU and hard disk, which should not exceed over 40 degrees C for most systems. If the temperature is in Fahrenheit, subtract 32 and then divide by 1.8 to get the Celsius equivalent. 2. fan speeds Shows the computer fans and the speeds at which they are operating. If one fan is much slower than the rest of the fans, it may be a sign that the fan needs to be cleaned or replaced 3. intrusion/detection notification a feature that alerts if the computer case has been opened. 4. clock Shows the clock speed of the CPU. If the clock speed is faster than the advertised clock speed of the CPU, the system has been set to overclock and special attention needs to be paid to the system temperature to make sure it is not overheating the system. 5. bus speed Shows the speed of the system bus. The bus speed x the multiplier = the overall CPU speed
What may be the cause for a mobile device having a non-responsive screen?
1. water damage 2. device was dropped 3. dirty screen (You should wipe the screen with a soft, non-abrasive cloth)
SATA I the first generation SATA interface running at ____ gbps. The bandwidth throughput, which is supported by the interface, is up to ____ mbps.
1.5 gbps 150 mbps
What is the speed and throughput range of a SATA 1 data cable?
1.5 gbps (speed) 150 mbps (throughput)
On a laptop, when installing a hard drive, make sure the hard drive fits in the spot in which it will be installed. Laptop hard drives are typically between _____ to _____ inches wide.
1.8 - 2.5 inches
PATA vs SATA
1.SATA is the current standard while PATA is already obsolete 2.SATA is much faster than PATA 3.SATA is equipped with NCQ while PATA isn't. This feature rearranges the order of requests so that all the positions on the platters can be reached with the least amount of passes. 4.SATA drives are hot pluggable while PATA drives are not 5.SATA provides an external interface while PATA does not 6.SATA uses smaller cables than PATA 7.PATA uses a slave/master arrangement while SATA does not While eSATA can provide faster transfer rates than USB or FireWire, it requires its own power connector.
USB 3.1 (Super Speed) transfers digital data at _______ Gbps. The max cable length is 5 M, but it is recommended to use ________.
10 Gbps, 3 M cable length (teal)
What is the speed of 100BaseT
100 Mbps
What is the speed of a CAT 5e cable?
1000 Mbps
What is the maximum upload speed for the 802.11b standard?
11 Mbps
What is the standard voltage range for AC power in the United States?
110 V - 120 V
The voltage selector switch will have 115 V or 230 V. In the U.S., the switch should be turned to ____ In the U.S., standard AC power comes in between_____
115 V 110-120 V
What is the minimum amount of memory (RAM) that is recommended for a virtualization workstation
12 GB
USB 1.1 transfers digital data __________ Mbps. The max cable length is ______.
12 Mbps, 5M cable length
A PC uses ____ voltage
12.0
A single USB can support up to__________ devices
127
SCSI Standards allows up to ____ devices on a single chain. It uses smaller round cables. It is compatible with SATA. SCSI-1 10 MBps (regular SCSI) SCSI-2 20 MBps (Fast SCSI) SCSI-3 40 MBps (Ultra SCSI) Serial attached SCSI (SAS) 6 Gbps
127
How many bits are found in an IPv6 address?
128-bits
What is the recommended screen size for a gaming laptop?
15 - 17 inches
The SATA power connector is a _________ power connector for a SATA hard drive The power cable replaces the old 4 pin peripheral cable and adds support for 3.3 volts The connector is shaped so it can only be plugged in the correct way.
15-pin
What is the maximum range of the 802.11g standard?
150 feet
Currently the most common aspect ratio is _____.
16:9
DVD, Double-sided, dual-layer can store ____ gb of data
17 gb
How many pins are found on DDR RAM for a desktop PC?
184 pins
What is the maximum amount of RAM supported for a 64-bit version of Windows 7 Professional?
192 GB
What is maximum partition size that the FAT32 file system can support?
2 TB
Which GHz bands does the 802.11n standard use?
2.4 GHz or 5 GHz
What is the traditional size of a laptop hard drive?
2.5"
The ______ _____ power connector is the standard motherboard connector in computers today
24 pin ATX Power Connector
How many pins are found on an ATX motherboard power connector?
24 pins
How many pins are found on DDR2 RAM for a desktop PC?
240 pins
How many pins are found on DDR3 RAM for a desktop PC?
240 pins
What is the maximum storage capacity of a double sided, single layer Blu-Ray ROM?
25 GB
Blue-ray disc, Double-sided, single-layer can store ____ gb of data
25 gb
Magnetic hard drives have a capacity of data from______ GB to ______ TB.
250 GB - 4 TB
What is the speed range for a PCI Express (PCIe) expansion card?
250 mbps to 16 gbps
What is the speed and throughput range of a SATA 2 data cable?
3 gbps (speed) 300 mbps (throughput)
SATA II is a second generation SATA interface running at ____ gbps. The bandwidth throughput, which is supported by the interface, is up to _____ mbps
3.0 gbps 300 mbps
Onboard electronics uses _____ volts and ______ volts
3.3 5.0
Use power supply rated _____% higher than expected
30
Basic desktop rolls out with a maximum of _____ to _____ watts
300 - 350
How many bits does an IPv4 IP address contain?
32-bits
What is the maximum amount of addressable memory that a 32-bit system running a 32-bit operating system can handle?
4 gb
How many pins are on a USB cable connector?
4 pins
The molex connector is used to provide power to a PATA hard drive or optical drive. How many pins are found on a molex connectors?
4 pins
______ _____ ___________ is used by older floppy disk drives (FDD).
4-pin Berg connector
______ _______ ____________ is used to power various components, including hard drives and optical drives
4-pin Molex connector
What is the average latency of a 7200 RPM HDD?
4.2 ms (milliseconds) Formula: 30,000 / SpindleSpeed (7200)
What is the maximum storage capacity of a single sided, single layer DVD-ROM?
4.7 GB
DVD, Single-sided, single-layer can store ____ gb of data
4.7 gb
What is the maximum cable length of a SATA data cable?
40 inches (1 meter)
Firewire (IEEE-1394a) has a data rate transfer of _____ mbps and has ____ or ____ pins
400 Mbps, 4 pins or 6-pins. Of note, the 4-pin cannot charge a device.
What is the maximum speed of a USB 2.0 cable?
480 Mbps
USB 2.0 transfers digital data at _________ Mbps. The max cable length is ________.
480 Mbps, 5M cable length
Gaming PC's require a sound card which is compatible with at least a ____ surround system
5.1
Typically, smartphones have a screen size of up to ______ inches
5.5 inches
Blue-ray disc, Double-sided, dual-layer can store ____ gb of data
50 gb
The faster the speed of a hard drive, the shorter the time it takes to read/write data. Most hard drives operate at a speed of _______ rpm, 7200 rpm, or _______ rpm.
5400 rpm 7200 rpm 10000 rpm
Thunderbolt port is a hardware interface that is propriety to Apple that allows for high-speed connection of peripherals such as hard drives, RAID arrays, video-capture solutions, and network interfaces, and it can transmit high-definition video using the DisplayPort protocol. Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into two serial signals, and additionally provides DC power (up to 10 watts) in an all in one cable and up to ____ peripherals may be supported by one connector Thunderbolt is also bi-directional, meaning it can transmit and receive data at the same time. Thunderbolt runs full duplex at ___ gbps (same as USB 3.1) and can use copper cables (up to 3m) or fiber cables (up to 60m). Thunderbolt 2 runs ____ gbps.
6 10 gbps 20 gbps
What is the typical battery life for an Ultrabook?
6 - 12 hours
What power supply is used to connect the PCIe to the motherboard?
6-pin PCIe connector
SATA III is a third generation SATA interface running at ____ gbps. The bandwidth throughput, which is supported by the interface, is up to _____ mbps. This interface is backwards compatible with SATA 3 Gb/s interface.
6.0 gbps 600 mbps
FireWire was adopted by Apple®to provide high-speed digital data (audio/video) transfer between devices. It is older than USB and only can support ____ devices with a max cable length of 4.5m.
63
Theoretically, how many devices can be connected to a Firewire cable?
63 devices
What SCSI ID number is considered the higher priority and is assigned to the host adapter?
7
Tablets usually range in size from a ____ - _____ inch diagonal screen.
7 - 12 inch
How many speakers are in a Dolby Digital 7.1 setup?
7 speakers plus a subwoofer
CD can store _____ mb of data
700 mb
What is the preferred amount of memory (RAM) for a gaming PC?
8 GB (minimum) - 16 GB (recommended)
What is the minimum amount of memory (RAM) recommended for a gaming laptop?
8 GB minimum 16 GB recommended
How many bits are in a byte?
8 bits
The fourth generation of SATA interfaces is SATAe (SATA Express) or SATA 3.2 and it runs at ____ gbps with a throughput of _____ mbps.
8 gbps 800 mbps
The 8-pin EPS12V connector provides four ones of 12 V power. All modern multi-core processors use this connector Some power supplies have two 4-pin connectors (4+4) that are meant to be used side-by-side in the 8-pin plug.
8-pin EPS12V CPU power connector
DVD, Single-sided, dual-layer can store ____ gb of data
8.5 gb
Firewire (IEEE-1394b) has a data rate transfer of _____ mbps and has _____ pins
800 Mbps, 9 pins
DVD, Double-sided, single-layer can store ____ gb of data
9.4 gb
Which DNS service protocol is used in IPv4?
A
A computer has 8 GB of RAM physically installed but Windows 7 shows only 4 GB is in use. What is the most likely reason for the difference?
A 32-bit version of Windows is installed, as a 32-bit operating system uses no more than 4 GB of RAM.
Docking station
A ________ __________ is a device that connects a laptop to multiple peripherals. It provides a single connection point that allows a laptop to use a connected monitor, printer, keyboard, and mouse. This allows a laptop to function like a desktop computer. It often has an external hard drive. Additionally, it provides power to the laptop.
plasma monitor
A ________ ___________ is a type of monitor that provides high contrast with better color than LCD monitors. It works by discharging xenon and neon plasma on flat glass. It doesn't contain mercury. This display is popular for displaying movies, as it offers wider viewing angles than LCD and CRT. It is considered to be a legacy display type but some still use because of its rich blacks and deep color displays TWO MAIN ISSUES: Burn-in tendency to leave a "ghost" image after the image is off the screen Overscan - when the display blows up an image, cropping of the edges of the picture.
Virtual Printer
A ________ printer is not really a printer at all; it is a piece of software installed on your PC that converts the file into a specific format (ex. PDF) and/or saves the result to a portable file that looks like a printed page. Sometimes called "Print to File" which allows a person to print a later time if desired
phablet 5.5 - 6.99 inches
A ___________ is a hybrid of a smartphone and tablet. It has cellular connection like a smartphone. It typically comes with a stylus. Typically, the average size of a phablet ranges from ______ inches to _____ inches.
projector
A ______________ enables you to display presentations to audiences by displaying an image on a wall. Lumens - describe the brightness of the projector. Throw - describes the size of the image at a certain distance from the screen Lamps - generate the amount of light. They throw off quite a bit of heat (requires a cooling fan to prevent overheating)
Thunderbolt port
A _______________ ______ is found mainly in Apple products. It can host many different adapters, including Thunderbolt to Ethernet and Thunderbolt to FireWire.
What is a passive matrix OLED monitor (PMOLED)
A cheaper OLED monitor that does not contain storage capacitors so the pixels in each line are not active most of the time. It is used for smaller displays.
What is PRL? (Preferred Roaming List)
A database residing in a wireless device that contains information used during the system selection and acquisition process.
What is an Ad Hoc network?
A decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks.
What is a basic disk?
A disk that contains partitions, such as primary partitions and logical drives, and these in turn are usually formatted with a file system (normally NTFS) to become a volume for file storage.
What is a simple volume?
A dynamic volume that is made up of disk space from a single dynamic disk.
What is printer toner?
A fine powder made up of plastic particles bonded to pigment particles that is used in laser printers.
What is in-plane switching (IPS)?
A more expensive type of LCD monitor but creates a more vivid image with a wider viewing angle.
What is a multi-core CPU?
A processor housing that contains two or more cores operating at same frequency, independently of each other.
What is it called when voltage from a power company drops below the normal range?
A sag
What is SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)?
A signaling protocol used for controlling communications sessions for VOIP
BSoD (Blue Screen of Death)
A stop error screen that sometimes appears when a Windows-based system is unable to boot. The BSOD screen includes failure codes that indicate the source of the problem.
What is it called when voltage from a power company goes far above the normal range?
A surge
What is a digitizer (stylus)?
A writing tool in the shape of a pen/pencil, which is used to take the place of a mouse. Mostly used in tablets or laptops with touch control.
_____ in a case can make or break a HDD's stability
Airflow
Which DNS service protocol is used in IPv6?
AAAA (quad A)
Which type of DSL offers one upload speed and a faster download speed?
ADSL (Asymmetric DSL)
What expansion card is considered to be a legacy device used for graphic cards?
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
____ is known as the "old video card." It is a 32-bit I/O bus used for video, which provides for a direct connection between the video card and memory with transfer speeds of 2x, 4x, and 8x. It is used less often due to PCIe
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
______ is a SATA technical standard defined by Intel that specifies the operation of SATA host bus adapters. It gives software developers and hardware designers a standard method for detecting, configuring, and programming SATA/AHCI adapters. This standard supports magnetic SATA drives most efficiently.
AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface)
Socket AM3+
AMD Socket AM3+ is a modified version of AM3 designed for the new "Bulldozer" processors. It has 938 pins, and also supports processors made for AM3 sockets. It supports DDR3 dual channel memory
Socket AM3
AMD socket developed primarily to support processors with integrated DDR3 memory controllers such as the Phenom II. Besides adding support for DDR3 memory, Socket AM3 has 941 pins in a modified key pin configuration that physically prevents Socket AM2 or AM2+ processors from being inserted
Socket FM2
AMD socket introduced in September 2012 for use by its Trinity series of APUs. These include the Ax-5xxx series APUs. FM2 has 904 pins in a 31×31 grid and uses a PGA socket similar to those used by previous AMD processors. Socket FM2 supports DDR3 memory.
What is the name given to the IP addresses 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255 and what is its use?
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) It provides an automatic IP address when DHCP is not able to assign one to a networking device.
______ (________ _________ ________) also known as IDE (integrated drive electronics) ____/____ is an implementation of Hard Disk Drive technology that has the drive controller placed upon the drive itself, as opposed to having it on the motherboard. The technology is used to connect hard disk drives and optical drives. fyi - The disk controller is the controller circuit which enables the CPU to communicate with a hard disk, floppy disk or other kind of disk drive. Also it provides an interface between the disk drive and the bus connecting it to the rest of the system.
ATA (Advanced technology attachment) ATA /IDE
_____ is the most common motherboard. It is has ____ expansion slots with a width x depth of ____ x ____.
ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) 7 12" x 9.5"
What is the most common form factor for a desktop computer motherboard?
ATX (Advanced Technology Extended)
4 common CPU registers
AX (Accumulator) - Used in arithmetic, logic and data transfer instructions. BX (Base) - Used as an address register for indexing. CX (Count) - Serves as a loop counter. DX (Data) - Used as a port number in I/O operations.
Trusted vs. untrusted sources:
All major vendors have their own application stores Some vendors, such as Apple, do not allow third party apps to be installed (unless phone is jailbroken) Android allows many third party apps to be installed. Never install a third-party app unless you know the source and trust it
What is an RJ-45 jack?
An 8-pin/8-position plug or jack that is commonly used to connect computers onto Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN).
Socket FM2+
An AMD socket for the latest generation of AMD Accelerated Processing Units for desktop and All-in-One systems. The FM2+ is a new revision of socket FM2, which is why it is often referenced as FM2r2 in AMD documentation. The socket was introduced in January 2014 along with first two "Steamroller" APUs, and at this time (February 2015) it supports more than a dozen of processors, built on "Steamroller" microarchitecture. This includes A6, A8 and A10-Series APUs, that come with 2 or 4 CPU cores and GCN graphics unit. The FM2+ is also compatible with Athlon X4 quad-core microprocessors, that lack integrated graphics unit. The socket supports dual-channel DDR3 memory with data rates up to 2133 MHz.
Socket FM1
An AMD socket introduced by AMD in July 2011 for use by accelerated processing units (APUs - CPU plus GPU) and CPUs based on the Llano core. These include the Ax-3xxx series APUs and some Athlon II CPUs, as well as the E2-3200 APU. FM1 has 905 pins in a 31-by-31 grid and uses a PGA socket similar to those used by previous AMD processors. Socket FM1 supports DDR3 memory. It was replaced by Socket FM2.
LGA 1366 (Socket B) Pentium i7
An Intel, Land Grid Array (LGA) socket used by server-class Intel Core i7 and Xeon microprocessors. The socket supports triple-channel or six-channel DDR3 SDRAM memory controller and up to two QuickPath Interconnect links with frequencies up to 3.2 GHz. The socket 1366 along with the socket 1156 superseded socket 775.
LGA 1155 (Socket H2)
An Intel, Land Grid Array socket that works with Intel Celeron, Pentium, Core i3/i5/i7 and Xeon desktop and server processors, that have up to 4 CPU cores, up to 8 MB of L3 cache, and operate at frequencies ranging from 1.2 GHz to 3.7 GHz. The socket H2 supports dual-channel DDR3 memory with data rates up to 1600 MHz, Direct Media Interface 2.0 running at 5 GT/s, and PCI Express 2.0 and 3.0 interfaces.
LGA 1156 (Socket H or H1)
An Intel, Land Grid Array socket used by the first generation of workstation-class Intel Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, as well as Xeon 300 series microprocessors. The socket supports dual-channel DDR3 SDRAM memory controller, Direct Media Interface running at 2.5 GT/s, and PCI Express interface. The socket H1 works with processors with frequencies from 1.86 GHz to 3.46 GHz.
LGA 1150 (H3)
An Intel, Land Grid Array socket with 1150 land contacts, compatible with forth and fifth generation Core desktop processors, as well as with Xeon E3 v3 and v4 server processors. The LGA1150 supports Haswell- and Broadwell-based microprocessors, having 2 or 4 CPU cores, up to 8 MB of L3 cache, integrated graphics, dual-channel memory controller, DMI 2.0 and PCI-Express 3.0 interfaces. The socket works with DDR3 RAM with data rates up to 1600 MHz. It does not support DDR4 memory. The LGA1150 is compatible with Intel B85, H81, H87, Q85, Q87, Z87, H97 and Z97 desktop chipsets, along with Intel C226 server chipset. Please note that only 9-series chipsets, H97 and Z97, support Broadwell i5-5xxx and i7-5xxx unlocked CPUs.
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
An _____ monitor uses backlighting with a reduction in the thickness of the panel. It reduces overall usage of electricity. It has better viewing angles than CRT or LCD
USB to Bluetooth adapter
An adapter that plugs into a USB port and then allows for a Bluetooth connection.
What is CIDR (Class Inter Domain Routing)?
An expansion of the IP addressing system that allows for a more efficient and appropriate allocation of addresses.
What is parity?
An extra bit of data on RAM that is used for error detecting.
Which mobile OS is considered to be "open source"
Android (based on Linux)
What does the acronym BIOS mean?
Basic Input/Output System
What colors do the letters CMYK mean?
C (Cyan - Blue) M (Magenta - Red) Y (Yellow) K (Black)
Most personal computers, use a ______ architecture, in which the CPU supports as many as two hundred instructions. Computers designed with a full set of computer instructions that range from very simple to very complex and specialized to provide needed capabilities in the most efficient way. Pronounced "sisk"
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
What is the separate chip called that stores information for a PC such as internal clock?
CMOS (Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)
_____ is a separate chip that stores information that describes specific device parameters. It is almost always built into the Southbridge. It acts as a clock to keep the current date and time. It does not store programs or services. It only stores data that is read by the BIOS to complete services It is around 64 - 128 KB in size of data.
CMOS battery (Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor)
____ is a specialized adapter that plugs in the motherboard for communication devices like modems or network interface cards. Nowadays, these features are often included in the chipset instead of by using a _____.
CNR (communications and networking riser)
_____ is known as the "brain" It performs the arithmetic, logical, and input/output operations of the system. It is a chip that resides on the motherboard and is usually hidden by a large fan assembly known as the heat sink fan It uses DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
laptop internal components
CPU System Boards Hard Drive(s) -Smaller form factor 2.5" HDD narrower, thinner, and lighter Memory -Shorter than Desktop -SO-DIMM -Flash Memory Compact flash SD miniSD Optical Drives -CD -DVD Backward compatible to play CDs Blu-ray -Backward compatible to play DVDs and CDs Wireless Card Mini PCIe
What component is known as the "brain" of the computer and handles all the calculations for a PC?
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
____ ____ is a cooling fan connected directly to the CPU heat sink. It pulls air away from CPU or blow on it and then disperse it out It is designed to quickly remove heat from the CPU
CPU Fan (processor fan)
____ _________ is a special, high-speed storage area within the CPU. It is used to quickly accept, store, and transfer data/instructions for immediate use by the CPU All data must be represented before it can be processed.
CPU Registers
____ _______ is CPU memory where instructions wait until they're needed. It is a place for the CPU to store data for quick retrieval All 3 caches use SRAM (static RAM) Level 1 (L1) - quickest access to frequently used data, lowest latency, least amount of storage Level 2 (L2) - slower than level 1, but faster than level 3. more storage than level 1, less than level 3. Level 3 (L3) - least accessed data, most latency, but has the most storage.
CPU cache
_____ ___________ is the connector on the motherboard that houses a CPU and forms the electrical interface and contact with the CPU. It holds either Intel or AMD processors
CPU socket (processor socket)
___ _______ the amount of time the CPU is actually executing instructions
CPU time
Thick client specifications for a 32-bit CPU should include a ___ GHz CPU, 1 GB of memory (RAM), a hard drive with ____ GB of available space, and DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM. Thick client specifications for a 64-bit CPU should include 1 GHz CPU, _____ GB of memory (RAM), a hard drive with ____ GB of available space, and a DirectX9 graphics device with WDDM. Network/internet access is standard 64-bit CPU is preferred.
CPU: 1 GHz or faster with 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) (preferred) Memory: 1 GB of RAM (32-bit) 2 GB of RAM (64-bit) Free HDD Space: 16 GB (32-bit) 20 GB (64-bit) Graphics: DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM (Windows Display Driver Model) driver. Network: Internet access
Thin client specifications include a low-power _____, at least __ or ___ GB of memory, and a small ____ _____ or no hard drive at all. The network should include internet access.
CPU: Low-power processor Memory: 1 or 2 GB memory Hard Drive: Small or no hard drive Network: Internet access
Virtualization workstation specification should include a __________ ____________ (dual core or greater) or multiple processors, at least ____ GB of memory (RAM), and the hard drive should be _____ and ______. The network should include multiple _________ ____________.
CPU: Multicore processor - Dual core or greater or multiple processors Memory: Minimum 12 GB of RAM Hard Drive: Large and fast hard drives Network: Multiple network adapters
Gaming PC specifications
CPU: Powerful dual-core or better processor. Some games are not designed to take advantage of more than two cores. More cores can affect performance Memory: 8 GB minimum - 16 GB or higher preferred Hybrid Hard Drive: Solid State Drive (SSD) for the OS 60 - 80 GB, large SATA 3 drive for data storage Video: High end video with specialized GPU 1 GB video RAM or more At least GDDR5 RAM Audio: High end sound card Cooling: High-end cooling system Multiple case fans Liquid cooling for the CPU
Audio editing workstation specifications should have either powerful multiprocessing, _____-_____ or multiple processors; at least _____ GB of memory (RAM) or higher and a large hard drive with extra ________ and high-speed drives, as well as a high end ________ ________. The network should have internet access.
CPU: Powerful multiprocessing, multi-core or multiple processors Memory: 8 GB (minimum) or higher Hard Drive: Large and extra storage and high speed drives Audio: High end audio card Network: Internet
Video editing workstation specifications should have either powerful multiprocessing, _____-_____ or multiple processors; at least _____ GB of memory (RAM) or higher and a large hard drive with extra ________ and high-speed drives, as well as high-end ________ ________ and _______ ________ The network should include internet access, as well as _______ for plotter and printer.
CPU: Powerful multiprocessing, multi-core or multiple processors Memory: 8 GB (minimum) or higher Hard Drive: Large and extra storage and high speed drives Video: High end graphics card Audio: High end audio card Network: Internet ports
Home Theater PC specifications
CPU: Powerful multiprocessing, multi-core or multiple processors Memory: 8 GB (minimum) or higher Hard Drive: Large storage and high speed drives Audio/Video: HDMI or some form of high definition output High end graphics card Network: Gigabit Network Interface Card (NIC)
Graphics workstation specifications should have either powerful multiprocessing, _____-_____ or multiple processors; at least _____ GB of memory (RAM) or higher; and a high end _________ ______. The network should include internet access, as well as _______ for plotter and printer.
CPU: Powerful multiprocessing, multi-core or multiple processors Memory: 8 GB (minimum) or higher Hard Drive: Large storage and high speed drives Video: High end graphics card Network: Internet Ports: Plotter and Printer
Home server PC specifications
CPU: Powerful multiprocessing, multi-core or multiple processors Memory: 8 GB (minimum) or higher Hard Drive: Large storage and high speed drives Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) array for hard drive Printer: Capable of network or wireless printing preferred Network: Gigabit Network Interface Card (NIC)
What is the typical specifications for a CAD/CAM workstation?
CPU: Powerful multiprocessing, multi-core, or multiple processors Memory: 8 GB or higher Hard Drive: Large amounts of storage with higher RPM speeds or SSD. Video: High end graphics card Network: Internet access Ports for plotter and printer
What are the typical specifications of a thin client PC?
CPU: Low processor power Memory: 1 - 2 GB Hard Drive: Small or no hard drive Network: Needs Internet access
Does wireless networks use CSMA/CA or CSMA/CD
CSMA/CA (wireless) and CSMA/CD (wired)
laptop "ghost cursor"
Can be bad video drivers -Check mouse configuration properties first
laptop screen replacement
Carefully remove elements one at a time: 1. Clips 2. Screws Keep different types of screws separated and document from which location they were removed 3. May have to remove keyboard or back plate to access screen connection 4. Gently disconnect any wires or connections Reverse the process to reassemble
laptop external components:
Case -Made of Plastic -Battery -Various Components -Screen Keyboard -Full-size keyboards on larger laptops -Touchpad (Mouse) DC Jack -Accepts the plug from your steady power source --Adapter converts household AC (Alternating Current) electricity to DC (Direct Current) electricity required for computers Speakers Cameras Microphones Biometrics -Finger print reader, wrist scanner, etc. Lights -Can indicate hard drive usage, network activity, etc. Can be used as buttons Physical Display Elements Screen -Modern laptops typically LED (some still LCD) Connector Wire Wi-Fi antenna, connectors, and placement Web cam (commonly built-in to the display)
A _____ _____ is located inside a computer, attached to the front or back of its case. It help bring cool air into and blow hot air out of the case. It is separate from the motherboard (a wire connects fan to motherboard for power and control) Some PCs control fan features with software
Case Fans (system fan)
____________ is a laptop of a different breed. Instead of Windows 10 or macOS, it runs Linux-based Google's Chrome OS. These machines are designed to be used primarily while connected to the Internet, with most applications and documents living in the cloud. Sometimes considered a direct successor to the netbook. Focus is around web based applications
Chromebook
What are the private address ranges for IPv4 Classes A, B, and C?
Class A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 Class B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Class C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
What is the IPv4 address class of the numbers 192 - 223?
Class C
Which type of installation involves completely wiping an OS from a hard drive and installing a fresh copy?
Clean installation
What are the two roles in a network?
Client (local computer) Server (local or remote computer that fulfills a hosts request)
DDR-200
Clock speed: 100 MHz Transfer rate: 200 MT/s Module name: PC-1600
DDR3-6400
Clock speed: 100 MHz Transfer rate: 800 MT/s Module name: PC3- 6400
DDR2-400
Clock speed: 100 MHz Transfer rate: 400 MT/s Module name: PC2-3200
DDR2-667
Clock speed: 166 MHz Transfer rate: 667 MT/s Module name: PC2- 5300
DDR3-1333
Clock speed: 166 MHz Transfer rate: 1333 MT/s Module name: PC3- 10600
DDR-166
Clock speed: 166 MHz Transfer rate: 333 MT/s Module name: PC-2700
On a laptop, the dual display option with a monitor or projector, there are 4 options, which include:
Computer only: Display shows on laptop but not an external display. Duplicate: The display is the same on both the laptop and the external display. Extend: The display stretches across both the laptop and the external display. Projector only: The display only appears on the external display.
Electricity flows in either _________ or _________. most electronic devices use _____ power.
DC (Direct Current) - electrons flow in one direction around a continuous current AC (Alternating Current) - electrons alternate directions back and forth in a circuit DC
A _____ ______ is an electrical connector used to supply direct current (DC) to laptops. This is often hard to reach when it requires to be replaced. Make sure to keep track of every piece moved to reach the DC jack.
DC jack
_____ is a type of SDRAM. It uses a dual channel architecture. 184 pin DIMM for desktop PC It transfers data twice as fast as regular SDRAM chips. This is because DDR memory can send and receive signals twice per clock cycle (instead of once per clock cycle like SDRAM)
DDR (double data-rate random access memory)
DRAM vs SRAM
DRAM vs. SRAM DRAM is a successor to SRAM. As a result of changes in the design, DRAM is less expensive to produce than SRAM. But SRAM retains some advantages over DRAM. SRAM does not need to be refreshed because it operates on the principle of switching the current flow in one of two directions rather than holding a charge in place within a storage cell. SRAM is generally used for cache memory, which can be accessed more quickly than DRAM. SRAM is capable of byte-level reads and writes, and is faster at reads and writes than DRAM. DRAM writes data at the byte-level and reads at the multiple-byte page level. Power differences vary based on whether the system is in active or sleep mode. DRAM requires less power than SRAM in an active state, but SRAM consumes considerably less power than DRAM does while in sleep mode.
_______ is a version of SDRAM that is faster than DDR and uses less power. It can run both single and dual channel architecture. Uses both a 200-pin and 240-pin DIMMs (not compatible)
DDR2
______ is a version of SDRAM that is faster than DDR and DDR2 memory and that can use triple channels or a quad channel architecture. It has 30% lower power consumption than its predecessor. It doubles the buffer from 4 to 8 bits comparred to DDR2. New feature: XMP (extended memory profile) - enables power users to overclock their RAM easily) 240-pin DIMMs (notch placement different than DDR2) 204-pin SODIMMs for portable computers
DDR3
______ is a fourth generation of DDR; faster than DDR3. It offers higher density and lower voltages than DDR3. Many newer motherboards offer support for both DDR3 and DDR4. Uses 288-pin DIMMs
DDR4
What is another name for a "perimeter network"?
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
What is the area between an organization's trusted internal network and its external called?
DMZ or Perimeter network
_____ is a type of RAM that stores each bit of data on a separate capacitor. This is an efficient way to store data in memory, because it requires less physical space to store the same amount of data than if it was stored statically. Therefore, this chip can hold more data than a SRAM (static RAM) chip of the same size can. However, the capacitors need to constantly be refreshed every few milliseconds to keep their charge (due to charge leaks from the capacitor), so ____ requires more power than SRAM. Even with its limitations, ________ _________ ______ ________ is the most common type of memory found in personal computer systems. While there are many types of available, the most common type is _____, which is a faster version of standard ______. This is the type of memory most computers use for their main system memory. If you choose to upgrade your computer's SDRAM, check your machine's requirements to see if the memory modules must be installed in pairs. If so, you will need to replace two modules at once and they must be the same size (i.e. two 1GB SDRAM memory modules).
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory DRAM
______ is compatible with VGA
DVI-A
What are two types of impact printers?
Daisy wheel and dot matrix
Laptop ExpressCard slot
Designed to replace the PCMCIA (PC card) slot -Also allows peripheral devices to be connected Originally built around PCIe (PCI Express) and USB 2.0 standards USB interface capabilities reduce the amount of internal expansion slots needed Only has two form factors: -Express/34 (34 mm wide) ONLY accepts 34 MM cards 26 pins -Express/54 (54 mm wide) L-Shaped Accepts both 54 mm and 34 mm cards 26 pins The /54 express card has more space, so more components can be added through the express card, such as a 1.8-inch hard drive. The /54 express card also has more space in which to dissipate heat, which is very important in laptops to prevent them from overheating. Not compatible with CardBus
Which type of thermal printer uses a heating element to burn dots into the surface of a special heat sensitive paper?
Direct thermal
laptop "sticking keys"
Dirty keyboard (may need to remove the top cover to clean it)
Hybrid HDD include two types, which are ____-_____ ______ ______ or ______-________ ________ ______.
Dual-drive hybrid system: A logical drive is created through the combination of a physical SSD and a physical HDD. Solid-state hybrid system: both SSD and HDD technologies are in a single physical drive.
______ is a motherboard used in servers. It has a width x depth of ___ x ___.
EATX (Extended ATX) 12" × 13"
What does an STP cable help prevent?
EMI (electromagnetic interference)
JBOD (Just a Bunch of Disks)
Each drive functions independently of one another. No redundancy is supported.
Edgar successfully replaced the display on a laptop, but the customer called back almost immediately complaining that his wireless didn't work. What could be the problem?
Edgar failed to reconnect the antenna in the new display.
2 types of LED monitors are ____ ____ and ____ ____.
Edge lit - Cheaper Back lit - More expensive but better color and contrast
What are the two types of LED monitors?
Edge lit and Back lit
laptop "unable to display to an external monitor"
Ensure control utilities have been installed -If not can get from manufacturer
laptop "no wireless connectivity"
Ensure drivers are correctly installed Investigate current RF propagation -RF shadow
_______ ____________ ______ is a major advance in error checking, as it detects any time a single bit is incorrect in a RAM module, and it fixes errors on the fly. It is mostly found in servers. _____ is slower than non-ECC RAM.
Error Correction Code. (ECC)
"Drive not recognized"
Error that takes place if misconfiguration or cable error or other problem prevents the computer from detecting the storage device Test the drive in another system to see if problem is the drive or the controller If still not recognized: Put in freezer Hit it with a rubber mallet or small drop Data recovery agency
USB optical drive
External CD, DVD, or Blu-ray drive which plugs into a device through its USB port.
Laptop Expansion Slots
External slots -Many modern laptops have USB, eSATA, and HDMI slots PCMCIA slot (PC Card) -Allows peripheral devices to be connected -3 Types Type I - 3.3 mm thick, mainly used to add additional ROM or RAM Type II - 5.5 mm thick, mainly used for fax/modem cards Type III - 10.5 mm thick, often used to attach portable drives (external hard drives) CardBus slot -PCMCIA 5.0 or later -32-bit slot Card has a slightly different notch so that it cannot be plugged into a 16-bit PCMCIA slot
_____ is a table that marks the position of a file, which is very important for the use of a hard drive. If ____ is lost, the data on the hard disk can not be used because it is unable to be located. The precise manner in which data is organized on a hard disk drive is determined by the file system used. File systems are generally operating system dependent.
FAT (Fat Allocation Table) The first incarnation of FAT was known as FAT12, which supported a maximum partition size of 8MB. Then came FAT 16.
________ file system is the simplest and oldest file system The configuration files of every sector are expressed by 16 bytes in this file system. It's principal limitation is that it imposes a fixed maximum number of clusters per partition, meaning that the bigger the hard disk, the bigger the cluster size and the more unusable space on the drive. The biggest advantage of this filing system is that it is compatible across a wide variety of operating systems, including Windows 95/98/Me, OS/2, Linux and some versions of UNIX.
FAT 16
______ is a file system Introduced in Windows 95. It supports partitions up to 2 TB in size. It uses 32-bit for each cluster
FAT 32
_______ ____________ _____ _________________ is a set of communication standards designed to provide high-speed data transfer over a duplex, serial interface. It's an open standard that supports multiple protocols including higher-level protocols, such as FDDI, SCSI, HIPPI, and IPI, to manage data transfer. Advantages Connects up to 126 devices on a single Fiber Channel bus Good for stringing hard drives together as secondary storage at extremely high speeds Disadvantage Expensive and has too much overhead Except when used in high-end server solutions
Fiber channel SCSI Technology
RAID 0 (striping)
File blocks are split between 2 or more physical drives requires a minimum of 2 drives, maximum of 8 drives High performance and data written quickly No redundancy A drive failure breaks the array
What are the services called that are found on the BIOS?
Firmware
_________ is a permanent software programmed into a read-only memory and controls hardware
Firmware
Basic windows installation
First, boot the system from the OS installation media. Windows now offers a surprising number of boot methods, but the most common is the DVD boot installation. Many times, it is necessary to change the boot order in the System Setup Utility (CMOS). Second, answer the installation wizard's initial queries and let it install. A typical Windows installation can take anywhere from 10 - 40 minutes.
chkdsk /f
Fixes errors on the disk
What is a portable and non-volatile storage medium called that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed?
Flash memory
In addition to having two types of panels, LCD panels have two different ways of displaying light, which include __________ and ____ ______________.
Fluorescent: Light shines through liquid crystals through a backlight, the backlight consisting mostly of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL). LED Backlighting: In this configuration, an LCD monitor uses LEDs for the backlight, not CCFL. LEDs have brighter displays and a better contrast than CCFL. They also consume less power than non-LED monitors as there is no CCFL using power.
chkdsk /x
Forces the volume to dismount. Also invalidates all open file handles. This should be avoided in Desktop Editions of Windows, because of possibility of data loss/corruption. intended for server admins only valid for NTFS volumes only
_________ __________ _______________is a group of wires running from the front of the computer case to the motherboard; used to connect motherboard to case. Common connector types: -USB Slots Allow for increased functionality -Audio Ports Can be back connections as well -Power Button and Power Light -Drive Activity Light Usually an LED light -Reset Button
Front Panel Connectors
_______ ______ _______ is a physical connection that actually connects the CPU to most of the other components in the computer, including main memory (RAM), hard drives, and the PCI slots. It carries data between the CPU and the Northbridge.
Front side bus (FSB)
Which part of a laser printer melts (fuses) the toner on to the paper and is almost always outside the toner cartridge?
Fuser assembly
Video cards generate high levels of heat and can cause overheating. With ___ ______ heat is sucked from the video card and blown outside the case. Most graphics fans are Add-on cards, which are installed next to the video card. It needs some sort of power supply (typically powered by a Molex power adapter)
GPU fans (Graphics Adapter fans)
____________ _______ is a multimedia computer system exhibiting higher performance and responsiveness than standard machines making them ideal for gaming. These computers must have CPU enhancements video enhancements specialized audio and enhanced cooling.
Gaming PC
What type of NIC is needed for a home server PC?
Gigabit NIC
Although it is not in the mainstream, glasses/headsets, are the new wearable technology, which includes _______ __________ and ________ ________. ________ _________ have been pulled from distribution. _________ _________ is a virtual reality (VR) headset with transparent lenses for an augmented reality experience for videos, apps, and games.
Google glasses Microsoft hololens
What are the images or icons called that are part of the UI?
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
____________ _______________ are used mostly for CAD, CAM, professional photography, and graphics design software CAD - computer-aided design CAM - computer-aided design
Graphics Workstations
Laptop "flickering display"
Graphics driver or connector between screen and laptop base Lower end LED displays will sometimes do this.
What is the difference between half and full duplex?
Half Duplex: Data can send and receive, but not at the same time. Full Duplex: Data can send and receive at the same time.
The computer's nonvolatile, primary storage device for permanent storage of software and documents is the _______ ________ ________ Non-volatile means data is retained when the computer is turned off. ______ is composed of individual disks (platters) with read/write heads on actuator arms and sealed in a case that prevents contamination. Platters are coated with a magnetic medium. Comes in PATA, SATA, and eSATA
Hard disk drive HDD
Components of a PC
Hardware Software Operating System (UI and GUI)
______ is a major factor in the life of a HDD
Heat
What form is an IPv6 address written?
Hexadecimal
What does the acronym HDR mean?
High Dynamic Range It is used in mobile computing cameras that gives light compensation to users to finely tune a photo or video.
The first rule of thumb with installing a printer is to READ THE INSTRUCTIONS! Most printers require software to be installed first. Windows OS has many printer drivers pre-installed, so you can try to see if those will work. If they do not, you would go to the manufacturer's website. When you install a LOCAL printer, you should launch the installation program and plug in USB printer when instructed to do so. When you install a NETWORK printer, you need to verify if printer is on and available. - open the printer's window - click add a printer and select the type of printer - OS will search for printers, and you can select from list or point to the port or IP address. - once the printer is installed, test the printer.
How to install a printer?
A virtualization workstation utilizes VM software such as ________, VMware, or Virtual Box.
Hyper-V
What IEEE standard does USB use?
IEEE 1394
What is the maximum speed of the Firewire IEEE 1394a and IEEE 1394b cables?
IEEE 1394a - 400 Mbps IEEE 1394b - 800 Mbps
What IEEE standard does wireless Ethernet follow?
IEEE 802.11
If the mobile device is experiencing email issues, such as not being able to send and/or receive emails, you should check your ___/____ and _____ settings and port; check for proper username and password of the account; and check for encryption problems.
IMAP/POP, SMTP
____ is a legacy standard for connecting expansion cards to the motherboard in computers. It is a standard bus (computer interconnection) architecture that is associated with the IBM AT motherboard. It allows 16 bits at a time to flow between the motherboard circuitry and an expansion slot card and its associated device(s).
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)
____ is a family of motherboard form factors used in smaller systems, such as a home theater PC. Mini-ITX is ___ x ___ 6.7" x 6.7" Nano-ITX is ___ x ___ Pico-ITX is ____ x ____ Mobile-ITX is the smallest with a size of ___ x ____
ITX (Innovative Technology Extended) 6.7" x 6.7" 120 mm x 120 mm 100 mm x 72 mm 60 mm x 60 mm
chkdsk /r
Identifies Bad Sectors and attempts recovery of information
What is geotracking?
Identifying a person's current, physical location by obtaining GPS data from their smartphones or other GPS-enabled devices.
"RAID not found"
If hardware RAID is implemented in the computer, the problem is usually with the RAID controller. Check the controller, and replace as necessary. If software RAID is implemented, make sure that the BIOS is set to RAID. You should also check all RAID connections. Finally, test the individual RAID drives. If one of the drives has failed, replace it and restore the data.
What is a unique identifier of a networking device that is 48-bits in length and uses hexadecimal?
MAC address
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Standard for computer ports that support digital data transfer.
If a mobile device has a "frozen system," it may be due to ____________ running applications, the device is attempting to maintain a _________ ____________, or outdated firmware or OS. Possible solutions for a "frozen system" are to: - reboot the device - uninstall apps not needed or suspicious apps - do firmware and/or OS updates.
Incompatible network connection
What benefit is provided by dual-channel RAM?
Increased bandwidth on the bus between the CPU and memory.
What are the three basic stages of a PC?
Input Processing Output
_____________ ____ is located within the CPU, improves graphic processing capabilities, but not intended for high-end usage
Integrated GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) integrated GPUs and integrated motherboard GPUs are two different things. Integrated GPU on the actual die with the CPU Integrated motherboard GPU Has a GPU Engine built into the MB (video display processor)
The two most common CPU manufacturers are ______ and ______. A third type of chip, an Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) chip is found in tablets such as iPads. ARM chips cannot be replaced.
Intel and AMD
Who are the two main manufacturers of CPUs for modern computers?
Intel and AMD
LGA 2011 (Socket R)
Intel, land grid array CPU socket built off of a Haswell microarchitecture, which came after LGA 1155, and. serves as Intel's extreme high-end chipset for Sandy Bridge-E/EP and Ivy Bridge-E/EP processors. The socket is designed for six-core processors, and for Intel's full line of enterprise chips (the Xeon series). There are actually six chipsets for this socket too, but only one is relevant to consumers; X79. This is the chipset built for Sandy Bridge-E and Ivy Bridge-E processors. The other chipsets are intended for Xeon processors, which are almost always a waste of money for home users.
LGA 1151
Intel, land grid array that is the latest Intel socket design as of 2015, designed to accept the new Skylake class of 14-nanometer processors, the sixth-generation Core designs with product names in the 6000 series. The design supports six different chipsets, from lowest power to highest: H110, B150, Q150, H170, Q170, and the most performance-oriented, Z170. Compared to the equivalent chipsets on the slightly older LGA 1150 line, all of them support more USB 3.0 connections, faster DDR4 RAM DIMMs (though some motherboards can also be equipped with older and cheaper DDR3 RAM), and for the low-end chipsets, more SATA 3.0 connections. VGA is not natively supported on LGA 1151, with Intel option for DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort, but a VGA connection can be added by a manufacturer. All LGA 1151 chipsets except for the Z170 restrict overclocking to the GPU only - if you want to overclock your CPU or RAM, you'll have to opt for the high-end chipset. SATA RAID support is included only on the H170, Q170, and Z170 chipsets, and only the Q170 adds support for Intel Active Management, Trusted Execution, VT-d and Vpro. Support for these technologies is contingent upon a compatible sixth-generation Core processor.
What are Live Tiles in the Microsoft Mobile OS?
Interactive apps that use the Internet to bring live updates to users of Windows Phone OS.
_________ _____ _____ is a bus that operates only within the internal circuitry of the CPU, communicating among the internal caches of memory that are part of the CPU's design. Typically rather quick and is independent of the rest of the computer's operations.
Internal data bus
chkdsk /l[:size]
It changes the size of the file that logs NTFS transactions. intended for server administrators ONLY. valid for NTFS volumes only
What is a Hybrid drive?
It combines flash memory and traditional HDD. The flash memory is used for the OS and the HDD is used for storage and other applications.
How is the display size of a monitor measured?
It is measured diagonally (the distance between opposite corners)
What is the IP address 127.0.0.1 mean and what is used for?
It is the loopback address and sends an outgoing signal back to the same computer for testing purposes.
What is sublimation?
It means to cause something to change from a solid form into a vapor and then back to solid.
What is an RJ-11 jack?
Just a plain old telephone service (POTS) or public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Which CPU cache is the smallest and quickest?
L1 (Level One)
In laptops, the most common type of display is an _______ panel. There are two types, which include: 1. Twisted Nematic (TN): TN panels have a short response time and use light emitting diode (LED) backlighting to display information. The color quality decreases when viewing a display with a TN panel at an angle. 2. In-plane switching (IPS): IPS has better color reproduction and better viewing angles than does TN. IPS is often found in smaller devices such as smartphones.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
Screen technologies (displays) for smartphones include _______, _______, and ______.
LCD, LED, OLED
Screen technologies (displays) for tablets and phablets include _____, but mostly _____ is used. OLED is not used often with tablets and phablets because of the cost.
LED, LCD
_______ ______ ________ is a feature of a CPU socket whereby pads, called lands, are used to make contact in uniform rows over the socket. Used in Intel Pentium 4, Intel Xeon, Intel Core 2, and AMD Opteron family
Land Grid Array (LGA)
TRUE
Laptop disassemble and reassemble: Many small screws of various sizes, lengths Work methodically: 1. Keep screws and components organized 2. Place screws in a pillbox (label each compartment) 3. Place screws on soft padded work surface Use white labeling tape 4. Place screws on notebook paper Write where screw belongs 5. Tape screw beside manufacturer documentation 6. Keep notes to help with reassembly (Disassembly tips:) 1. Find the hardware service manual 2. Consider the warranty 3. Take the time necessary, do not force anything 4. Take notes as you disassemble 5. Protect against ESD 6. Pry up plastic covers with dental pick or small screwdriver 7. Plastic screws may be used only once 8. Disassemble components in order (Reassembly tips:) 1. Reassemble notebook in the reverse order 2. Tighten, but do not over tighten, all screws 3. Before installing the battery or AC adapter verify there are no loose parts inside the notebook
What is it called when there is a delay in transmitting data between a computer's RAM and the CPU?
Latency
RAID 0+1 (Nested, Mirrored Stripes)
Like RAID 10, it has a set of "mirror of strips" Works in an opposite configuration from RAID 10 using a mirror of stripes, achieving both replication and sharing of data between disks. requires a minimum of 4 drives
What is a type of PC cooling that is used mainly in gaming systems and high end systems that produce a lot of heat from the CPU?
Liquid cooling
Modern devices use ___________ ______ batteries.
Lithium Ion (Li-Ion)
The most common battery used in laptops are __________-____ batteries. Batteries are usually locked in with a latch. Move the latch, remove the old battery and replace it with a new battery.
Lithium-ion (Li-ion)
What are the two NTFS types of partitioning methods for the Windows OS?
MBR (Master Boot Record) GUID (Globally Unique Identifier - Also called GPT)
Laptop "No display or dim display"
Make sure laptop is not in sleep mode or other power configuration Can be a failing screen
Display Port
Many adapters are available for DisplayPort, including DisplayPort to VGA, DisplayPort to DVI, and DisplayPort to HDMI. found mainly in Apple products
Home Server PC has become popular with the addition of smartphones, tablets, and other portable devices. Its three main functions are _______ _________, file sharing, and _______ sharing. Run Windows client or server, Linux, or MAC OSX
Media streaming File sharing Printer sharing
What type of network topology provides the most redundant connections for fault tolerance and is higher in cost to implement?
Mesh
_____ _____ is a specialized form of PCI designed for use in laptops. It has transfer speeds of approximately ____ mbps
Mini PCI (mPCIe) 500 Mbps
______-______ _______ are similar to a PCIe expansion slot except it is smaller. These offer a rare expansion opportunity for a laptop. It is located on the laptop motherboard.
Mini-PCIe card
What is the difference between a monochrome and color laser printer?
Monochrome - only prints black and white Color - uses the CMYK color scheme
______________ ____________ provides communication between all devices and determines the type of CPU, RAM and devices the motherboard will accept. NORTHBRIDGE SOUTHBRIDGE
Motherboard chipset
Input devices enables the user to input data and commands into the computer. They include (list 9):
Mouse Keyboard Scanner Stylus Pen Trackpad Joystick webcam microphone digital camera
____________ measures electrical current. Most ___________ offer four types of electrical tests: Continuity Resistance AC voltage (VAC) DC voltage (DAC)
Multimeter aka volts-ohm meter (VOM) or digital multimeter (DMM)
What is MIMO?
Multiple Input Multiple Output and involves using multiple antennas in wireless networks to give better performance and speed. Can be found in 802.11n and 802.11ac
______ is a file sytem introduced with Windows NT. It supports partitions up to 256 TB on a dynamic disk and up to 2 TB on a basic disk. This is the standard for Windows OS. It utilizes enhanced file allocation table called the (MFT) It provides security for files and folders It provides compression, encryption for files and folders. Allows for disk quotas
NTFS (New Technology File System)
______ is a logical device interface specification for accessing non-volatile storage media attached via PCIe bus. Allows levels of parallelism found in modern SSDs to be fully utilized by the host hardware and software.
NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express)
What is the port number for DNS (Domain Name System)?
Port 53 (TCP & UDP) It translates domain names into IP addresses and vice versa.
________ resolution is the default and recommended resolution of a monitor.
Native
___________ is a small laptop computer designed primarily for accessing Internet-based applications.
Netbook
Which chipset is usually larger and faster and contains a heatsink?
Northbridge
_____________ _________ links the CPU to RAM (memory) and video. Larger and faster than Southbridge, and typically has a heat sink.
Northbridge Chipset
Notebook power sources
Notebook power sources: 1. AC adapter - Electrical outlet 2. DC to AC adapter - Car charger 3. Battery pack If a laptop won't power on, plug in the adapter -If it still won't power on, confirm that the battery is properly installed -Clean battery contacts -Use another compatible adapter to test power Power cords differ in both size and wattage
PC speed
Number of MHZ * 8 = pc speed
The ______ traditionally is defined as a company whose goods are used as components in the products of another company, which then sells the finished item to users. These versions are typically less expensive than the full retail versions for a variety of reasons, including the lack of packaging, documentation, and support.
OEM The Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
laptop battery issue
Older batteries lose ability to hold a charge Must choose between replacing battery or laptop
What type of storage medium uses low powered laser beams to read and write data?
Optical discs (CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray)
Jonathan ordered a new PSU but was surprised when it arrived because it had an extra 4-wire connector. What is that extra connector?
P4 connector for plugging into modern motherboards
______ HDD comes in a 40-pin or 80-pin called a ribbon cable, and it uses the standard molex power. To install two hard drives you must: -Set one using jumpers or dip switches to make one the master drive and one the slave drive. Jumper settings will typically have diagrams of jumper settings for master and slave options printed on the drive housing
PATA (parallel advanced technology attachment) Problems with PATA HDD -Cables could impede air flow -Cable limited to only 18 inches in length -Couldn't hot swap PATA drives -The technology had reached its limits of what it could in terms of throughput
Older hard drives used _____ hard drives. The connector cable was wide and thin with 40-pins, which impeded airflow. Newer computer systems, use _____ hard drives. The cable connector is L-shaped. Data travels through the cable quicker.
PATA (parallel ATA) SATA (serial ATA)
There are two types of ATA/IDE drives, which are _____ and _____. _____ is known as _________ ATA, and it is the older type. _____ is known as _________ ATA, and it is the newer type.
PATA and SATA PATA (parallel ATA) SATA (serial ATA)
Clock speed formula
PC number on the RAM chip/8 = clock speed
____ is a standard for connecting computers and their peripherals. They are either 32-bit or 64-bit in architecture and can transmit data at speeds of up to ____ Mbps, which is dependent on the speed of the bus Mostly found on older motherboards but most modern motherboards will have one or two slots for backward compatibility purposes.
PCI (peripheral component interconnect) 533 mbps
_____ is a slot that has a 64-bit architecture and is backward-compatible with PCI with transfer speeds up to _____ Mbps It is designed for servers
PCI-X (peripheral component interconnect - extended) 1064 mbps
______ is a very, very fast newer-generation of PCI expansion slots with transfer data from _____ mbps to ____ gbps Unlike PCI, data is sent in a stream instead of in 32-bit or 64-bit blocks. They also come in multiple sizes, designated as x1, x2, x4, x8, x16, and x32. This allows for flexibility in expansion slots conducive to the size of a motherboard. Backwards compatible. It is used in modern video cards
PCIe (peripheral component interconnect - express) 250 Mbps - 16 Gbps
This 6-Pin PCIe power connector is used to provide extra 12 volt power to _____ ______________ _______. PCI Express motherboard slots can provide a maximum of 75 watts. Many video cards draw significantly more than 75 watts, so the 6 pin PCI Express power cable was created. These high-power cards draw most of their power from the 12 volt rail so this cable provides only 12 volts.
PCIe expansion cards These are sometimes called "PCI Express cables". They are also occasionally called "PEG cables" where "PEG" stands for PCI Express Graphics.
What is the term called that checks out the system every time the computer boots up?
POST (Power on Self-Test)
_______ is a group of tests, stored in the BIOS and performed as a PC boots up, to check for the presence and function of system components. The normal startup sequence for Windows 7 is: 1. Power-on self test (POST) 2. Initial startup phase. 3. Windows Boot Manager phase. 4. Windows Boot Loader phase. 5. Kernel loading phase. 6. Logon phase.
POST (power-on self-test)
laptop power management
POWER-SAVING STATES (vista) Sleep mode: Work is saved into memory and puts the computer into a power saving mode where only a small trickle of electricity is necessary to preserve memory Hibernation: Work is saved to hard drive and powers system down Wake on LAN: Allows you to remote in to the machine if it is in a power saving mode. Wired or wireless network activity powers up or wakes up computer. This feature must be enabled in BIOS setup Network adapter or wireless network adapter must be configured to wake the computer
4-pin molex P4 12-V connector is also known as a 4-pin 12v It is used specifically for __________ ___ processor motherboards
Pentium 4
chkdsk /I
Performs a simpler check of index entries. valid for NTFS volumes only
Which pins are crossed in a crossover cable?
Pins 1 to 3 and pins 2 to 6 are crossed
What is the name of the application store found on Android phones?
Play store
What is the name of the cabling that has a flame resistant coating and is designed to lower the emission of toxic fumes or smoke when burned?
Plenum cable
USB to RJ-45 dongle
Plug-in for USB port that allows for an RJ-45 (Ethernet) connector on the other end. Allows a device to connect to an Ethernet network without having an RJ-45 port
Your customer wants to deploy a new IP phone. He finds a label on the device that says PoE-enabled. What device should you install in the local area network to support this phone?
PoE switch
laptop "intermittent wireless"
Poor or loose wireless adapter connection Failed wireless adapter Interference
What is the port number for SSH (Secure Shell)?
Port 22 (TCP) The primary method used to manage network devices securely at the command level. It is typically used as a secure alternative to Telnet which does not support secure connections.
What is the port number for RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)?
Port 3389 (TCP) used for Windows Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance connections
What is the port number for HTTPS (Hypertext transfer protocol secure)?
Port 443 (TCP) This port is used in conjunction with HTTP to provide the same services but doing it using a secure connection which is provided by either SSL or TLS.
What is the port number for HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol)?
Port 80 (TCP) This port is used in internet communication protocol. It is the port from which a computer sends and receives Web client-based communication and messages from a Web server and is used to send and receive HTML pages or data. (RFC 2616)
What are the port numbers for DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)?
Ports 67 & 68 (UDP) DHCP is used on networks that do not use static IP address assignment (almost all of them). A DHCP server can be set up by an administrator with a pool of addresses that are available for assignment. When a client device is turned on it can request an IP address from the local DHCP server, if there is an available address in the pool it can be assigned to the device. This assignment is not permanent and expires at a configurable interval; if an address renewal is not requested and the lease expires the address will be put back into the poll for assignment.
What is PoE?
Power Over Ethernet It is when power is provided to a device over an Ethernet connection.
_______ ________ ________ converts AC to DC It uses a standard IEC-320 connector power cable Problems with the _______ _______ ______ can create instability, crashes, and data loss.
Power supply unit (PSU)
Which tool would help you determine why a print job did not print?
Print spooler
_______________ are used to heat the thermal paper used in a thermal printer.
Printheads
Windows 7 Home basic can be upgraded to Windows 8 and Windows 8 _____
Pro
Windows 7 Ultimate can be upgraded to Windows 8 _____.
Pro
Windows 8 and 8.1 minimum requirements for a 32-bit PC includes a CPU of 1 GHz; ____ GB of memory (RAM); ____ GB of free hard drive disk space, and video should be DirectX 9 or higher Windows 8 and 8.1 minimum requirements for a 64-bit PC includes a CPU of 1 GHz; ____ GB of memory (RAM); _____ GB of free hard drive disk space, and video should be DirectX 9 or higher.
Processor: 1 GHz for 32-bit 1 GHz for 64-bit RAM: 1 GB (32-bit) 2 GB (64-bit) Free HDD Space: 16 GB (32-bit) 20 GB (64-bit) Video: DirectX 9 or higher
Windows 7 minimum hardware requirements for a 32-bit PC includes a CPU of 1 GHz or faster; _____ GB of memory (RAM); ____ GB of free hard drive space Windows 7 minimum hardware requirements for a 64-bit PC includes a CPU of 1 GHz or faster; ____ GB of memory (RAM); and _____ GB of free hard drive space. Graphics includes 1024 x 768 monitor. If running Aero, you should use DirectX 9, WDDM 1.0, and _____ MB of video RAM.
Processor: 1 GHz or faster processor RAM: 1 GB RAM (32-bit) 2 GB RAM (64-bit) Free HDD Space: 16 GB (32-bit) 20 GB (64-bit) Graphics: 1024 X 768 Monitor Running Aero - DirectX 9, WDDM 1.0, 128 MB video RAM Windows XP mode - Needs an additional 1 GB of RAM and an additional 1 GB of available hard disk space.
Windows Vista Minimum Hardware Requirements include a CPU that is ______ MHz or higher, ______ MB or higher memory (RAM); free hard drive space of 15 GB and an _______ _________.
Processor: 800 MHz or higher RAM: 512 MB or higher Free HDD Space: 15 GB Optical Drive
______ is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disks drive components into a single logical unit. It helps networks prevent data loss. The purposes a _____ _________ is for data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.
RAID RAID array
What RAID type requires a minimum of 2 drives and does NOT support redundancy?
RAID 0
What RAID type requires a minimum of 2 drives and supports redundancy?
RAID 1
____________ is a feature of Windows Vista and later versions that enables the use of flash media as dedicated virtual memory. Windows Vista only allows one flash device Windows 7 allows up to eight flash devices
ReadyBoost
What RAID type requires a minimum of 3 drives and supports disk striping with distributed parity
RAID 5
Which configuration requires three same-sized volumes?
RAID 5
In general, if you notice "low memory" error messages, there may not be enough _____ for the print job.
RAM
On a laser printer, when only part of a graphic prints, you would consider adding _______ to the printer. This can happen with large print jobs if there isn't enough memory
RAM
CPU needs an external piece of memory to help copy programs to a hard drive. This memory is known as ____. It transfers and stores data to and from the CPU in byte-sized chunks Breakdown of bits and bytes: Any individual 1 or 0 = a bit 4 bits = a nibble 8 bits = a byte 16 bits = a word 32 bits = a double word 64 bits = a paragraph or quad word
RAM (random access memory)
_____ is known as "Short term memory." It is volatile memory that stores information temporarily, and once the power is lost to the PC, this memory is also lost. Put simply, the purpose of ________ ________ _______ is to provide quick read and write access to a storage device. Your computer uses this to load data because it's much quicker than running that same data directly off of a hard drive.
RAM random access memory
_____ __________ ________ is a multi-channel memory architecture. It provides technology that increases the data transfer rate between the DRAM memory and the memory controller by adding more channels of communication between them. Dual channel memory use twice the data lines as single channel memory. Triple channel memory uses 3 times the data lines as single channel memory. Quad channel memory uses 4 times the data lines as single channel memory.
RAM memory channels
_______ is a type of RAM made by Rambus and is the fastest type of computer memory available, but expensive. It transfers data at speeds up to over 1 GHz. It is often referred to as RIMM. Though some motherboards can use ______ as system memory, it is so fast, most boards cannot fully benefit from the speed. Because of this, it is typically used for video memory on graphics acclerator cards, for cache memory (located on the CPU), and for system memory in high-performance workstations and servers.
RDRAM (RAMBUS dynamic random access memory)
Ethernet cables connect using 8-pin ______ connectors.
RJ-45
common laptop ports includes:
RJ-45 port DVI port RJ-11 port USB port eSATA port HDMI port Thunderbolt port FireWire port
How is a traditional hard drive (HDD) measure for its rotational speed?
RPM (Revolutions per Minute)
What is the difference between the RW and R on an optical disc?
RW is rewritable multiple times, and R is only recordable once.
chkdsk /b
Re-evaluates bad clusters on the volume valid for NTFS volumes only
______ is a new local file system for Windows OS. It maximizes data availability, despite errors that would historically cause data loss or downtime. Data integrity ensures that business critical data is protected from errors and available when needed. Its architecture is designed to provide scalability and performance in an era of constantly growing data set sizes and dynamic workloads.
ReFS (Resilient File System)
What does acronym ROM mean and what is it?
Read Only Memory and is non-volatile memory that is used to store programs at their most basic level (BIOS).
What are the three colors used in the RGB spectrum?
Red, green, blue
_________ ______ is how fast your graphics card can output individual frames each second Measured in Hertz (Hz) - standard for the industry has been 60 Hz
Refresh rate
HDTV 720p (high-definition TV) "p" means progressive scan
Resolution: 1280 x 720 aspect ratio: 16:9 typical device: low resolution HDTV
SXGA (Super Extended Graphics Array)
Resolution: 1280 x 720 aspect ratio: 5:4 typical device: LCD
WXGA (Widescreen Extended Graphics Array)
Resolution: 1366 x 768 aspect ratio: 16:9 typical device: wide screen laptops
SXGA+ (Super Extended Graphics Array Plus)
Resolution: 1400 x 1050 aspect ratio: 4:3 typical device: widescreen laptops
WSXGA (Widescreen Super Extended Graphics Array)
Resolution: 1440 x 900 aspect ratio: 16:10 typical device: LCD projectors
UXGA (Ultra Extended Graphics Array)
Resolution: 1600 x 1200 aspect ratio: 4:3 typical device: larger CRT monitors
HDTV 1080p (high-definition TV) "p" means progressive scan
Resolution: 1920 x 1080 aspect ratio: 16:9 typical device: full HD resolution
WUXGA (Widescreen Ultra Extended Graphics Array)
Resolution: 1920 x 1200 aspect ratio: 16:10 typical device: 24" + widescreen monitors
QWXGA (Quad Wide Extended Graphics Array)
Resolution: 2048 x 1152 aspect ratio: 16:9 typical device: smaller, fine monitors
WQXGA (Wide Quad Extended Graphics Array)
Resolution: 2560 x 1600 aspect ratio: 16:10 typical device: 27"+ widescreen monitor
WQUXGA (Wide Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array)
Resolution: 3840 x 2400 aspect ratio: 16:10 typical device: smaller, fine monitors
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
Resolution: 640 x 480 aspect ratio: 4:3 typical device: small monitors (standard for video graphics adapter)
SVGA (super video graphics array)
Resolution: 800 X 600 aspect ratio: 4:3 typical device: small monitors
What is a SOHO network?
Small Office - Home Office It is better suited to networks that need to share dedicated resources such as Internet connections and centralized databases. Your home network would be a SOHO network.
VIDEO SIGNALS
S-Video connectors are used to transmit only _______ _________ over a cable by dividing the video data into a color and brightness signal. They are typically used on older televisions that might not have HDMI to improve picture quality. They have a higher resolution than RCA
_____ creates a point-to-point connection between the _____ device and the _____ controller (host bus adapter) - It uses a 7-pin connector. - It needs fewer physical wires - Maximum cable length is up to 40 inches (1 meter) - Did away with the master and slave drives - Many motherboards support up to 8 SATA drives - SATA cables are thinner which allows for better airflow inside a computer case
SATA (serial advanced technology attachment)
To install a SSD internally into a computer, a _____ power supply is needed, and a_____ cable is needed to connect the SDD to the motherboard
SATA SATA
SATA connectors on a motherboard are numbered, usually starting with _____ ___. The lowest numbered SATA drive will be the first drive in a computer's ______ ________, unless changed in the BIOS.
SATA 0. boot order
The ______ daisy-chaining method involves connecting all the devices that can request an interrupt in a serial manner. This configuration is governed by the priority of the devices. The device with the highest priority is placed first followed by the second highest priority device and so on.
SCSI
______ _________________ is a set of parallel interface standards developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for attaching printers, disk drives, scanners and other peripherals to computers. Primarily used in servers Host adapter counts as a device on the bus Narrow SCSI - 8 bit bus - Supports up to 7 devices Wide SCSI - 16 bit bus - Supports up to 15 devices Each SCSI device must have a unique identifier(ID) in order for it to work properly. The SCSI controller itself must use one of the IDs, typically the highest one, leaving room for 15 other devices on the bus. Each device on bus assigned SCSI ID (0 - 15) The host adapter is assigned SCSI ID 7 which has the highest priority over all other IDs Priority order is 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8 Terminating resistor Plugged into last device at end of the chain Reduces electrical noise or interference on the cable Absorbs the signal so it doesn't bounce back
SCSI technology (Small Computer System Interface Standards)
_______ is RAM that is synchronized to the clock speed of the CPU. It is often referred to as DIMM. Being synchronized allows the memory to run at higher speeds than previous memory types (like DRAM) and also supports up to 133 MHz system bus cycling. Types of SDRAM DDR DDR2 DDR3 DDR3L - DDR3U DDR4
SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory)
Which type of RAM is tied to the system clock?
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
Types of SSD
SLC (Single-level cell) More reliable, but more expensive MLC (Multi-level cell) Less reliable, but less expensive
On a laptop, when installing memory, make sure that there is room for expansion and that you have the correct ________ chips. RAM chips are usually kept under a cover at the bottom of the laptop. ________ chips are often inserted at an angel and then snapped into place.
SO-DIMM chips.
Memory used in notebooks includes ________, _________, and ________.
SO-DIMMs (small outline DIMMs) SO-RIMMs (small outline RIMMs) MicroDIMMs Smaller than SO-DIMMs
What is the differences between a traditional HDD and an SSD?
SSDs have no moving internal parts. They also tend to be faster, but more expensive than HDD.
Which type of display has a resolution of 800x600 and an aspect ratio of 4:3?
SVGA
Which type of high speed network connection is said to have the most latency and is not good for VoIP and QoS?
Satellite
Gaming laptop specifications:
Screen Size: 15 - 17 in RAM: 16 GB or more of RAM Hard Drive: 1 TB or larger hard drive CPU: Very high end (4 or more cores) High end, dedicated graphics processor (2 GB or higher) Battery Life: 4 - 6 hours Full size, high quality keyboard that is customizable At least one optical drive
chromebook specifications:
Screen size: 10 - 12 in RAM: 1 - 4 GB Hard Drive: 16 GB - 64 GB CPU: Low power, low battery consumption Battery Life: 8 - 12 hours
ultrabook specifications:
Screen size: 13 - 14 in RAM: 4 GB or higher Hard Drive: SSD or hybrid drive CPU: Low power, high end Battery Life: 6 - 12 hours Thin and light: Usually an inch or less in thickness and weights 3 lbs. or less
Netbook specifications:
Screen size: 9 - 11 in RAM: 1 - 2 GB Hard Drive: 250 GB - 500 GB CPU: Low power, low battery consumption (example: Intel atom processor) Battery Life: 6 - 12 hours
__________ ____________ ___________ allows systems to automatically detect and set up newly installed RAM based off information on the the chip about the RAM, which includes: -Size -Speed -ECC or non-ECC -Registered or unregistered
Serial Presence Detect (SPD)
________ _______ is a Windows technology that enables you to make backup copies of data known as snapshots. Dependent on the Volume Shadow Copy service Data can be backed up manually or automatically and is reliant on restore points. Must be enabled in the System Restore
Shadow Copy
Clara's laptop has a DVI connector on which she has connected a projector. As she prepares to make her presentation, however, nothing comes on the projector screen. The laptop shows the presentation, and the projector appears to be functional, with a bright bulb making a blank image on the screen. What's most likely the problem?
She needs to press the Function key combination on her keyboard to cycle through the monitor modes.
You take a tech call from a user who complains that she gets an error message, "Hub power exceeded," when she plugs her new thumb drive into her USB keyboard's external USB port. Worse, the device won't work. What's most likely the problem?
She plugged one too many devices into the USB hub.
Which type of fiber optic cable carries a single ray of light and can potentially transmit up to 40 miles in length?
Single-mode optical fiber
What is the name of the virtual assistant found in iOS?
Siri
chkdsk /c
Skips the checking of cycles within the folder structure. valid for NTFS volumes only
What physical piece of media will enable employees to access company resources with the appropriate credentials and has an embedded chip for enhanced security?
Smart card
_______ ________ _________ is a non-volatile storage device that uses flash memory to store data. It does NOT have moving parts. Form factor sizes: -1.8", 2.5" (most common) -3.5" (very rare) -M.2 Special SSD that fits into a PCIe slot on a motherboard Comes in PATA, SATA, eSATA, and USB for desktops Mini-PCI Express for portable computers
Solid State Drive (SSD)
Which chipset links the CPU to lower speed components in a computer?
Southbridge
______________ _________ links CPU to low-speed components: - onboard video - audio - PCI bus - ISA bus - USB - SATA - BIOS - NIC (Ethernet) It may be integrated with ethernet, sound cards, or USB controller components. It is farther from the CPU.
Southbridge Chipset (I/O Controller Hub - ICH)
__________ _________ is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM) older HDD ran at 3600 RPM newer HDD run at (rpm): 5400 7200 10,000 15,000
Spindle Speed (rotational speed)
Which type of fiber optic cable connector is most widely used in multimode fiber?
Straight Tip (ST)
What are the ports for IMAP?
TCP port 143 and port 993 for secure IMAP
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP: Most commonly used protocol Connection oriented protocol The computer sending the data connects directly to the computer it is sending the data it to, and stays connected for the duration of the transfer. The two computers can guarantee that the data has arrived safely and correctly, and then they disconnect the connection. UDP: Connection-less oriented protocol Provides low overhead data delivery Uses the "best effort" method for sending data and does not connect directly to receiving computer
Factors that affect the battery life of a mobile device include: 1. Network signal strength 2. Network usage 3. Roaming 4. Constant use of GPS 5. Screen and display brightness
TRUE
General Guidelines for replacing a laptop hard drive: 1. Check with OEM for drive sizes and connector types Most likely a SATA today 2. Be aware of voiding manufacturer's warranty 3. Watch for proprietary form factors and connectors Always read the manual first Shopping: 1. Notebook drive: 2.5 inches wide 2. Hard drives connector: SATA connector or 44-pin 3. IDE IDE drive may use adapter to interface between proprietary connector and motherboard 44-pin IDE connector Issues to consider before replacing hard drive: 1. Old drive crashed Recovery CD and notebook drivers CDs required 2. Upgrade: must transfer data from old drive to new one 3.Older notebook computers required disassembly Newer notebooks: easy to replace If BIOS setup uses autodetect: 1. System boots up and BIOS recognizes new drive 2. Searches for an operating system 3. If a new drive: boot from Windows installation CD
TRUE
General printer troubleshooting may include checking cables and ports. Make sure to verify that cable is firmly connected at both ends. If necessary, you can try a different cable or use the same cable with a different printer to see if it is working.
TRUE
If you experience GPS and location service problems, you should ensure GPS, cellular data, and Wi-Fi are turned on and/or functioning properly; look at the specific apps' configuration, update firmware or OS; check for any hardware problems.
TRUE
In general, if the network printer is having connectivity issues, first verify printer is connected to the network. If shared from a PC, make sure that PC is turned on and that the correct default printer is selected. You can test the connection from another printer or PING the printer from the PC to confirm connectivity. If you can ping, the problem is local, so you would delete and reinstall the printer.
TRUE
In general, if the printer has poor print quality and toner low message displayed, you can shake the toner cartridge or replace it. This also may be a sign of overheating, so you can try unplugging the printer and allow it to cool.
TRUE
laser printer parts: 1. Imaging drum (photosensitive drum) - Aluminum cylinder coated with particles of photosensitive compounds. 2. Erase lamp - Exposes the entire surface of the drum to light, making its photosensitive coating conductive 3. Primary corona wire (charge roller) -Located close to drum but never touching. When charged with extremely high voltage creates an electric field (corona). Voltage to pass to the drum and charge the photosensitive surface 4. Laser (writing mechanism) Any particle on the drum struck by the laser becomes conductive. Its charge is drained away into the grounded core of the drum. The entire surface of drum has a uniform negative charge between-600 to 1000 volts. When particles are discharged by laser they are then left with a -100 volt. The Laser writes a positive (+) image to the drum 5. Toner - Fine powder made up of plastic particles bonded to pigment particles. Toner cylinder charges toner with a negative charge between -200 to -500 volts. Charge falls between the original negative charge of drum. Laser cause the toner to attract to the drum 6. Transfer corona wire (transfer roller) - Applies a positive charge to draw the paper from the drum. It can be inside or outside the toner cartridge 7. Fuser Assembly - Melts (fuses) the toner on to the paper. It is almost always outside the toner cartridge 8. Cleaning blade - Cleans the drum of any excess toner
TRUE
virtual printer file output(s): - Print to PDF - Print to XPS - Print to Image - Cloud and Remote Printing
TRUE
Dolby Digital Surround Sound
Technology for sound reductions and channeling methods used for digital audio.
What needs to be plugged into the last device at the end of a SCSI daisy chain in order to reduce electrical noise or interference on the cable? It also absorbs the signal so it does not bounce back.
Terminating resistor
What is the biggest and most widely known WAN in the world?
The Internet
How will a user know if something goes wrong during the POST?
The PC will give off beeps.
print manager
The Windows ________ _________ provides all printing functions such as scheduling, queuing and spooling. It is not to be confused with the Windows Printing System, which provides only host-based printing to low-cost printers. Windows _______ __________ is actually the "printing system," while the Windows Printing System is a function that works under the Windows ________ _____________. In Vista, you would use the "Printers and Faxes" window to delete printers, change Windows default printer, empty printer queue, and/or perform printer maintenance Spooling is the process of queuing print requests from an application. It is known basically as the "print queue" (simultaneous peripheral operations online)
What is wattage (Watts)?
The amount of amps and volts needed for a device.
For any installation of an expansion card, you should first _______ ______ _____________.
download the drivers
What is latency?
The delay in transmission from the source to the destination.
Clock speed x multiplier = transfer rate
The formula for selecting the correct SDRAM to match the motherboard is:
How is monitor's refresh rate measured?
The industry standard is Hertz (Hz)
What is the purpose of an inverter in a laptop computer?
The inverter converts AC power to DC
What is a monitor's resolution?
The number of horizontal pixels times the number of vertical pixels. Example: 640 x 480, 800 x 600
What is a PGA socket type?
The pins are aligned in uniform rows around a socket. The package is square or roughly square and the pins are arranged in a regular array on the underside of the CPU.
What is voltage?
The pressure of the electrons in a wire.
LCD (liquid crystal display)
The primary display type for PCs still today is ______. On an _____ display, the pixels are switched on or off electronically using liquid crystals to rotate polarized light. It uses light wavelengths to determine the color being displayed - using the (RGB) red, green, and blue spectrum. NATIVE RESOLUTION 1920 x 1080
Jailbreaking
The primary purpose of _____________ in the context of smartphones is to allow the phone to install and run third-party applications that haven't been approved by Apple. Phones that are not jailbroken can only run applications obtained through Apple's App Store.
What device converts AC current to DC current?
The rectifier
What device steps down voltage from 110 V or 220 V to 3.3, 5, or 12 V?
The transformer
What is jitter?
The variation in latency
What material is placed between a CPU and a heat sink to help dissipate heat?
Thermal paste
Which type of desktop PC is known as a "Fat Client"
Thick Client
"OS not found"
This usually is a software issue where the boot sector cannot be located. Reboot the computer into the Recovery Console and repair the operating system. May be virus or sectors have gone bad
Dudley wants to connect his new MacBook Pro to an LCD monitor that has a Digital Visual Interface (DVI). What type of adapter should he use?
Thunderbolt to DVI
Tablet PC (Hybrid or 2-in-1) specifications:
Touchscreen size: 11 - 13 in RAM: 4 GB or higher Hard Drive: SSD drive usually CPU: Low power, high end Battery Life: 6 - 12 hours Foldable or detachable keyboard Stylus (usually)
What is memory called that uses 3x the data lines as a single channel memory?
Triple channel
_____ is used to replace BIOS. It is a more advanced interface between hardware and the OS. It maintains support for legacy BIOS systems Advantages: 1. Better security by helping to protect the pre-startup process against bootkit attacks. 2. Faster startup times and resuming from hibernation. 3. Support for drives larger than 2.2 TB. 4. Support for modern, 64-bit firmware device drivers that the system can use to address more than 17.2 (GB) of memory during startup. 5. Capability to use BIOS with UEFI hardware.
UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
______________ ________________is an independent testing agency that checks electrical devices and other components for possible safety hazards. It is important to use devices with UL logo UL Standard - UL 1449
UL- Underwriters Laboratories
What device can help protect a computer in the event of a power sage or power outage? It is only meant to give a technician enough time to properly power down a device.
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
The shorter the ____ cable, the higher data transfer speeds can be.
USB
USB 3.1 (SuperSpeed+)
USB Type-C connector is an emerging standard for charging and transferring data. It is a reversible USB type cable that supports_____ _____ , which has a top speed of 10 gb/s.
input/output devices both provide data and instructions to the computer and receives processed data. They include (list 5):
USB drive touchscreen CD/DVD fax machine modem
An __________ is a mini notebook computer designed to provide similar or superior computing functionality as that of a standard laptop but with less size, weight and an extended battery life The ____________ is a trademark name that was initially conceived by the Intel Corporation in 2011, but the term has expanded to refer to a new category of notebook computers that sits somewhere between lightweight laptops and tablets. __________ is integrated with consumer ultra-low voltage (CULV) processors, graphic card accelerators, solid state drives and limited external communication ports.
Ultrabook
What is the UEFI?
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface and is a standard firmware interface for PCs designed to replace the older BIOS.
When you perform an upgrade installation, the new OS installs inside the same folders as the old OS and installs on top of the old version. Data is retained and applications inherit all of the personal settings from the previous OS. Microsoft makes a compatibility tool called the Windows _________ ___________ which scans your current hardware to see if it is able to handle the new OS requirements. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=20
Upgrade Advisor
_____ is the standard analog interface
VGA
Windows 8 Basic (Core) is the consumer version of the OS. This provides the consumer with access to the Windows Store, Live Tiles, Remote Desktop Client, VPN Client and other features. It excludes a lot of the business-type features like drive encryption, group policy and virtualization. What can it be upgraded to?
Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 Pro
_______ _______ is a device or software that enables compression or decompression of digital video. The following list the video code and what it is used for: MPEG 2 - DVD MPEG 4 - Internet broadcasts and DivX H.264 - Blu-Ray Windows Media Video (WMV) - Microsoft developed codec Theora - free, Open source, video compression format from the Xiph.org Foundation TrueMotion VP6 - Adobe Flash and Skype Video Conferencing VC-1 - Microsoft codec that competes with H.264 usually wrapped in WMV
Video Codec
_________________ creates multiple "virtual" machines on a single computing device
Virtualization Virtualization Technology Two main processor manufacturers: 1. Intel VT (Intel Virtualization Technology) 2. AMD-V (AMD Virtualization)
What is the earliest and weakest wireless encryption standard?
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
What is the most modern and most used wireless encryption standard today?
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)
What is the term that allows for the ability of the NIC to turn or wake-up a sleeping or powered down PC?
Wake On LAN
Identify the number ranges for the following port assignments: Well-known ports: Registered ports: Dynamic (private) ports:
Well-Known Ports: 0 - 1,023 Registered Ports: 1,024 - 49,151 Dynamic (private) ports: 49,152 - 65,535
DVI-I (Integrated)
What is the name of the following DVI port? (see attached image) It can be used for both digital and analog monitors
15-pin SATA connector
What is the power supply used for SATA hard drives?
Ethernet Crossover
What type of UTP cable does the attached image represent?
Windows 8 Enterprise was created for large scale corporate deployments. This version includes everything that Windows 8 Pro has, but it is geared towards enterprise customers with Software Assurance agreements. What can it be upgrade to?
Windows 8.1 Pro Windows 8.1 Enterprise
Roaming
When a mobile device connects to a different mobile carrier's network it is known as ___________. TYPES: 1. Preferred Roaming List (PRL) - Database residing in a wireless device that contains information used during the system selection and acquisition process. 2. Primary Rate Interference (PRI) - An interface standard that controls the data rates between a mobile device and cell tower. 3. Baseband Updates - An update to a devices radio functions (all functions that require an antenna).
What is SPD (Serial Presence Detect)?
When a system can automatically detect and set up newly installed RAM modules.
What is Alternating Current (AC)?
When electricity flows in alternate directions back and forth in a circuit.
Windows 8 Pro is the edition of Windows 8 for the PC enthusiast, and business/technical professionals. It includes everything found in windows 8 with the addition of features like BitLocker encryption, PC virtualization, domain connectivity and PC management. Geared towards heavy duty users or those operating in a business environment What can it be upgraded to?
Windows 8.1 Pro, Windows 8.1 Enterprise
Due to the size, many laptop components are either inside of the display or connected to the display, which makes some parts difficult to replace. Those parts may include the Wi-Fi Antenna Connector, webcam, microphone, inverter digitizer.
Wi-Fi antenna connector: Usually located inside the display and contains wires which run to a laptop wireless card. The wireless card is usually situated near the bottom cover of the laptop. webcam: Usually built into the top part of a laptop display. Webcams are used for video chats, demonstrations, online meetings, and similar activities. microphone Used to record audio and is usually attached to the display. inverter Necessary for LCDs which use CCFL as a backlight to convert DC voltage from the motherboard to AC voltage the CCFL needs. digitizer Input device inside of a touchscreen display and responds to touch.
Which version(s) of Windows 7 can Windows Vista Business be upgraded to?
Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate
Windows 7 editions
Windows 7 Starter Windows 7 Home Basic Windows 7 Home Premium Windows 7 Professional Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 7 Enterprise
Windows 8 Editions
Windows 8 Basic (Core) Windows 8 Pro Windows 8 Enterprise Windows RT
Windows 7 Professional is targeted mainly toward small business users but appeals to power users as well. It includes all the features of Windows 7 Home Premium and adds the ability to join a Windows domain. Additional features include location-aware printing, acting as a Remote Desktop host (especially useful for tech support), Encrypting File System, and Windows XP Mode. 64-bit version supports up to 192 GB RAM Backup to a network location Bitlocker support windows XP mode with Windows Virtual PC volume licensing (reduced cost licensing when purchasing for multiple installations)
Windows 8 Pro, Windows 8 Enterprise
Windows 7 Starter is 32-bit version only. Limited in features and reduced in cost For buyers of computers with reduced hardware specifications (e.g. netbooks) Some of the features not included: Aero interface Support for multiple monitors DVD playback Ability to join a corporate network domain Windows Media Center and media streaming
Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro
Windows 7 Home Premium contains features aimed at the home market segment, such as Windows Aero, Windows Media Center, Remote Media Streaming, Internet TV, Backup and Restore, and multi-touch support. Additionally, it provides adequate networking and security features to be useful in very small office environments. supports up to 2 physical CPUs creation and use of Homegroup Backups can only be made locally, not over the network
Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro
How do you differentiate two PATA drives on the same cable?
You set jumpers on the individual drives to determine which is master and which is slave.
What are the 4 types of CPU sockets?
Zero Insertion Force (ZIF): Uses a lever to secure the chip in the socket. Land Grid Array (LGA): The socket has small pins and the CPU is secured using a flip-top mechanism. Ball Grid Array (BGA): The CPU is mounted in a socket and then heated to melt the solder. Pin Grid Array (PGA): The CPU uses a square package with pins mounted on printed circuit boards.
e-reader (e-book reader)
__-________ gives access to electronic books and PDFs. It has a wi-fi connection to sync materials. It ranges from color to black and white displays Most have a screen which tolerates sunlight well, so people can read outside
dye-sublimation printer FYI: Sublimation means to cause something to change from a solid form into a vapor and then back to solid.
____-____________ printer uses heat to transfer dye onto materials such as a plastic, card, paper, or fabric. Used mainly for: - Photo printing - High end desktop publishing - Medical & scientific imaging - Other applications needing fine detail and rich colors Uses CMYK: C = Cyan (blue) M = Magenta (red) Y = Yellow K = Black
Near Field Communication (NFC)
_____ ________ __________ is used with two NFC-enabled devices, which need to be within 10 cm or touching each other. It is often used in mobile payments.
CRT monitor
_____ _________ is known as the "original computer monitor" It has a heavy, box shape that took up a lot of desk space. It uses large cathode ray tubes.
High Dynamic Range (HDR)
_____ __________ ________ is light compensation that enables users to finely tune a photo or video
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
_____ is a unique number that identifies a cellular subscription for a device or subscriber, along with its home country and mobile network. Some carriers store the number on a SIM card installed in the device. It is used to unlock a phone
OLED monitors (Organic light emitting diode)
_____ monitors are the newest display technology. Pixels are made of natural organic lights rather than liquid crystal filled lights. It does not require backlighting. The principle is that the current flows between a layer of organic molecules which become illuminated when activated. TYPES OF OLED: Passive- matrix (PMOLED) - Cheaper and do not contain storage capacitors so the pixels in each line are not active most of the time. Used for smaller displays. Active-matrix (amOLED) - More expensive and have storage capacitors that have more active pixels that hold more light and give better and large displays
DVI-I (Digital Visual Interface - Integrated)
_____-___ is a video connector that supports both analog and digital monitors. An integrated connector is required to convert digital to analog. You will typically see the 15-pin VGA connector.
DVI-A (Digital Visual Interface - Analog)
_____-___ is a video connector that transmits analog and only works with analog montors. (analog only)
DVI-D (Digital Visual Interface - Digital)
_____-____ is a video connector that works only with digital monitors (Digital only)
burst shots
______ _______ takes multiple photos in a single second to capture the best image. It is also known as continuous shooting mode.
KVM switch
______ _________ allows for one keyboard, video (monitor), and mouse, to be used for multiple computers They are often found in data centers where multiple servers are placed in a single rack. By pressing a button on the ______ ___________, the administrator can change control from one server to the next. Using a ______ __________ can save the administrator the cost of purchasing a dedicated keyboard, monitor and mouse for each computer, save space in the server room and limit cable clutter.
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
______ is a unique (usually 15-digit) number that identifies a mobile phone or tablet device worldwide. The number can usually be found imprinted on the device or reported in the About menu of the OS.
ICCID (Integrated Circuit Card ID):
______ uniquely identifies a subscriber identity module (SIM). SIM - Contains information unique to subscriber (owner) of a phone
Micro USB and Mini USB
_______ ____ and ______ _____ are found mostly in Android and Windows Phone devices as connections for phone chargers and for connections to external hard drives Non-proprietary.
Apple iOS
_______ _____ is proprietary software that runs on the iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, and Apple Watch. You would visit the App Store for app downloads and updates. - -The only exception is when businesses develop their own apps and are given permission by Apple to skip the App Store -Enterprise licensing
Solid Ink Printer
_______ _______ printer is a laser-class printer that uses solid wax inks that are melted into a liquid before being used. Instead of jetting the ink onto the paper directly as inkjet printers do, solid ink printers jet the ink onto a drum. A better registration of color is obtained by transferring the ink to the drum first and then to the printer, because the drum can be more tightly controlled than moving paper. It is extremely fast and more cost effective since one stick of ink can produce about 1000 copies theoretically
inkjet printer (ink dispersion printer)
_______ ________ uses a printhead connected to a carriage holding the ink cartridge(s). A belt and motor move the carriage back and forth covering the entire page. Ink is ejected through tiny tubes Older models had a color and black cartridge Newer models have four separate cartridges (CMYK): C = Cyan (blue) M = Magenta (red) Y = Yellow K = Black
Mobile Hotspot (sometimes referred to as MiFi)
_______ _________ is a small device that has access to cellular technologies such as 3G, 4G, and LTE When turned on, it allows other devices to connect to the Internet through the device's cellular connection.
smart cameras
_______ __________ connect physically to a smartphone to enhance photographic abilities and have the ability to share immediately with other mobile devices
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
_______ is a standard type of plug and connector for computer display devices. It is more expensive However, it is starting to replace VGA connectors on PCs and laptops and becoming the standard for video.
snapshot printer
_______ printer is a small dye sublimation printer used specifically for printing photos at a reduced cost.
response rate
________ ______ is the amount of time it takes for all the sub-pixels on the panel to go from pure black to pure white and back again
impact printer daisy wheel dot matrix
________ __________ creates an image on paper by physically striking an ink ribbon against the paper's surface. It uses tractor feed paper. This printer has two types, which are _______ _______ and _____ _______.
Tower Spoofing
________ _____________ is an unauthorized contact where someone sets up equipment that can spoof a carrier's tower. It can be used for eavesdropping and turning off security and encryption. For added security, turn off Bluetooth and/or Wi-Fi if not using.
Advanced Configuration Power Interface (ACPI)
________ is an industry specification for the efficient handling of power consumption in desktop and mobile computers. It is a key component of Intel's "Instantly Available" technology. Microsoft refers to its support as "Always On." compliant BIOS helps manage power and minimize power consumption
laser printer
________ printer uses a process called electro-photographic imaging, which toner is placed on an electrically charged rotating drum, then the toner is deposited on paper and fused into the paper It relies on the photoconductive organic compounds (particles when exposed to light will conduct electricity). It uses a light source to trigger this response Two types: 1. Monochrome - only prints black & white 2. Color - uses the CMYK process It contains a motherboard and amount of RAM to store image
BYOD (bring your own device) AKA: bring your own technology (BYOT) bring your own phone (BYOP) bring your own personal computer (BYOPC) IT consumerization
________ refers to the policy of permitting employees to bring personally owned devices (laptops, tablets, and smartphones) to their workplace, and to use those devices to access privileged company information and applications. THINGS TO CONSIDER: How much control does the corporation have over the device? Who pays for the cellular service and phone? How much privacy does an employee have on their own device? Can the organization see a user's private data? PROFILE SECURITY REQUIREMENTS: -MDM software -Group policy and profiles -Multi-layered security
Network Address Translation NAT
_________ _______ __________ is the process of modifying an IP address as it crosses a router. _____ translates (masks) a private IP address to a public IP address.
Microsoft Windows phone
_________ _________ _________ OS was developed by Microsoft for mobile devices. It includes features like Live Tiles. However, this OS is rarely used nowadays. Most Windows mobile phones will use android or iOS. You would go to the Windows Store for app downloads and updates -Previous name: Windows Marketplace
Swollen Battery
_________ __________ is a phenomenon when the battery overheats and often cracks, causing it to leak. It is caused by overcharging and using a non-OEM charger.
Android Rooting
_________ ___________ is a process that allows you to attain root access to the Android operating system code (the equivalent term for Apple devices id jailbreaking). It gives you privileges to modify the software code on the device or install other software that the manufacturer wouldn't normally allow you to.
Digitizer (Stylus)
_________ is a writing tool in the shape of a pen/pencil used to take the place of a mouse. It is widely used in tablet PCs, smartphones, and handheld computers. It enables you to tap and "write" on a touchscreen. It is important that you make sure to calibrate the screen.
thermal printer
_________ printer uses a heated printhead to create high quality image on special plain paper TWO TYPES: 1. Direct thermal - uses heating element to burn dots into the surface of special heat sensitive paper -Used mainly by retail for printer receipts 2. Thermal wax transfer - works similar to dye sublimation except film is coated with colored wax -Do not require special paper so more flexible and cheaper than dye sublimation
Tethering
_________ uses a mobile device as a mobile hotspot. It uses a USB connection from a mobile device to a laptop or desktop. The laptop or desktop then uses the mobile device's cellular connection for Internet access.
Windows Aero (AERO - Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open)
__________ _____ is a graphic interface feature that gives a translucent quality to windows, dialog boxes, and other items. Windows Flip and Flip 3D allows you to visually flip through each of the open windows to display that window, instead of a simple icon like previous versions of Windows. When a window is minimized, it will visually shrink to the taskbar, where it is represented as an icon. Aero also provides support for higher DPI. This feature started with Windows Vista
Function Keys (F Keys)
__________ ______ are special keys used alone or in combination with other keys to perform special functions Common function keys: Dual displays: Controls the behavior of a dual display, in similar fashion to a desktop with multiple monitors. Wireless (on/off): Quickly enables or disables a device's wireless adapter. Sometimes, this key is pressed by accident. Cellular (on/off): Not a very common key on a keyboard. This will enable or disable a device's cellular connection. Volume settings: Keys which raise or lower the volume or toggle the volume between mute and not mute Screen brightness: Keys which raise or lower the brightness of a device display. Bluetooth (on/off): When pressed, the key enables or disables Bluetooth. Keyboard backlight: Turns on a light that shows through the keyboard keys, helping a user see the keys when the room is dark. Touchpad (on/off): A key which enables or disables the touchpad. Screen orientation: A key which will change the screen orientation from landscape to portrait and vice versa. On a Windows device, Ctrl+Alt+ an arrow key will manipulate the direction of the display. Media options: Keys that play, stop, fast forward, or reverse a video. GPS (on/off): A key which turns GPS and/or location awareness on or off. Airplane mode: A key which disables all network connectivity for a device. Often, this is pressed by accident.
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
__________ _______ ___________ is a popular program used to encrypt and decrypt email over the Internet, as well as authenticate messages with digital signatures and encrypted stored files.
Display Port
__________ ________ is an alternative to DVI that also supports HDMI Created by VESA to improve on VGA and DVI. It's an open standard, making it free to use
Google Android
__________ __________ OS is an open source platform built on Linux. Since it is open source, the manufacturer can alter or customize the OS as they see fit. However, the core of the OS is developed and controlled by Google. You would go to the Google Play Store to obtain app downloads and updates.
Bluetooth
__________ allows electronic devices like cell phones and computers to exchange data over short distances using radio waves (wireless connection). It typically requires a PIN code for pairing. The typical max distance between the two devices is 10 meters (33 feet).
Infrared (IR) (infrared data association - IrDA)
__________ is an outdated wireless technology used to connect personal devices. It requires "line of sight" between the two devices, typically 6 feet or less. It is often used to create a Personal Access Network (PAN) and for remote control apps. Due to its slow data transfer rate, it has been mostly replaced by Bluetooth and NFC.
Display size
___________ _______ is the physical size of the area where pictures and videos are displayed The size of a screen is usually described by the length of its diagonal, which is the distance between opposite corners, usually in inches
wearable technology
___________ _____________ are computing devices that are worn on various parts of the body. Main features include that it is very small with a small interface. It has a light OS and limited hardware with an accelerometer (for step counting). Additionally, it has pairing capabilities to a host device, such as a smartphone. Examples: - Apple watch - Fitness monitor - Glasses/Headsets
Scanners
___________ are input devices that capture printed images or documents and convert them into electronic digital signals that can be stored on computer media Traditional scanners use TWAIN (Technology Without an Interesting Name) drivers
malware
___________ is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the user's informed consent. Androids OS have more issues with this, since it is an open source platform. There is less of a chance of infection on proprietary OS, such as iOS. It is important to ensure that device has up-to-date firmware and OS. Additionally, you should incorporate an antivirus, antimalware application.
Resolution
____________ is the number of horizontal pixels times the number of vertical pixels Example: 640 x 480, 800 x 600
Lightning connector
_____________ _____________ is an Apple proprietary, 8-pin connector used to connect devices to host computers, external monitors, cameras, battery chargers, and other peripherals.
smartphones
_____________ offer more advanced computing ability and connectivity than basic cell phones. They have 4 key components including a multi-touch interface, tight consolidation of cellular data, a well-standard API (application programming interface), and synchronization and distribution tools (apps, email, cloud storage, video/music streaming, and web browsing) Other hardware features on mobile devices, may include microphones, GPS, and geotracking.
Composite (RCA) Cable
_______________ ___________ are very common video (and audio) cables used in professional and consumer settings alike. They are used for VCRs, DVD players, and other basic video connections. The color-coded system makes it easy to distinguish between audio and video plugs.
synchronization ("syncing" your device)
________________ keeps mobile device up to date with all essential data (apps, bookmarks, calendar, contacts, email, music, pictures, videos, etc.). It can be done locally or cloud based. Apple mobile devices use iTunes (local software) or iCloud. iTunes can run on MAC or Windows. Android devices mostly use Gmail for synchronization. Windows Phone uses active Sync.
Users of a laser printer report that the printer is producing, dim, ghosted images of previous pages on their printouts. What is the most likely cause of the problem?
a bad fuser assembly
subnotebook
a class of laptop computers that are smaller and lighter than a typical notebook. TYPES: Netbooks - becoming legacy - mini laptops (HP 2133 Mini) Chromebooks - Chrome OS - cloud based (ASUS Chromebook C201) Ultrabooks - very high end laptop (Samsung's ATIV Book 9) 2-in-1s- touchscreen and laptop (Sony VAIO Duo) Tablet PCs - Uses a touchscreen (iPad) Convertible - Similar to a 2-in-1 but has a hinge that allows the physical keyboard to be hidden underneath the screen (Lenovo Yoga) Hybrid - Tablet form factor but has a detachable keyboard and possible cover (Surface Pro)
Mbps (megabits per second)
a unit of measurement for bandwidth and throughput on a network. - how fast data is received and transferred Each megabit is equal to 1 million bits.
Gbps (gigabits per second)
a unit of measurement which stands for billions of bits per second and is a measure of bandwidth on a digital data transmission medium one billion bits per second
volume flow =
amperes, amps (a)
The _________ ______ is a connection between the CPU and memory which carry the address from/to which the CPU wishes to read or write It determines the amount of memory a system can access.
address bus
In regards to batteries, keep the contacts clean by using _______ and a soft cloth. Store them in a cool, dry place.
alcohol
_________ ________ is an input device that reads barcodes for POS software (pen, hand scanner)
barcode reader
______ ______ is a series of audible tones produced by a motherboard during the POST. These tones identify whether the POST has completed successfully or whether some piece of system hardware is not working properly. Consult the manual for your particular motherboard for a specific list of beep codes.
beep codes
_______ ______ is a machine language code. All of the machine language code commands makes up the instruction set. Calculates all functions using zeros and ones. -One = Turned on -Zero = Turned off
binary system
__________ _________ authenticates a person's identity by translating a personal characteristic (retina, iris, fingerprint, etc.) into a digital code that is compared with a digital code in a computer
biometric device
In regards to monitors, dead pixels will always be _______ and alive pixels will always be _______. If pixels are out you have to replace the entire screen.
black white
A hard drive cache is embedded memory which acts as a _________ between the computer and the platter used for storage.
buffer
If the monitor displays incorrect color patterns, it may be due to a ______ or _______ issue.
cable driver
On an inkjet printer, if the print quality is poor, you would reinstall _________, check ink, and/or ________ ___________.
cartridge check ink clean nozzles
Thin client PCs are typically used for _______ _________, _________ ___________, and nurse workstations.
cash register office workstations nurse workstations
A user with a Windows 7 laptop reports that a wireless network he wants to connect to is not available on the list. The user can see and connect to other wireless networks. What should you do?
check if the SSID broadcast feature is enabled on the wireless access point (if it is disabled, this is the reason why the user cannot view it on available wireless networks. it would have to be enabled for user to view and connect to) verify that the user is within range of the wireless access point
When installing OS, make sure you have the correct drivers for the _________ to work properly.
chipsets
What command line prompt will run a Check disk for a Windows OS PC?
chkdsk
_______ Searches for bad sectors on a volume and recovers data if possible.
chkdsk (CheckDisk) Methods to launch chkdsk utility in Windows OS: 1. Windows Explorer, right-click drive, Properties box, select Check Now 2. Chkdsk command in a command prompt window
Bluetooth devices are usually ________ ___.
class 2
A customer calls to tell you that an iPhone is not working properly. The customer can get sound out of the phone's speaker, but not through physically connected headphones. The customer tested the headphones with another device and they worked. The customer has tried restarting the phone. What should you have the customer try next?
clean headphone jack
In general, if the paper is not feeding or paper is creased or if there is a paper jam, the printer may need to be __________ or feeder bars/feets may need to be replaced.
cleaned
_________ ________ is the speed at which a CPU executes instructions every computer has an internal clock that regulates the rate at which instructions are executed
clock speed
If the monitor is displaying discoloration or degaussing, it may be due to drivers or you may need to perform ________ _____________.
color calibration
In general, if the colors print in the wrong place, then you should make sure ______ __________ are installed in the correct slots.
color cartridges
RAID 5 (disk striping with distributed parity)
combines three or more disks in a way that protects data against the loss of any one disk; parity information is spread across all of the disks in the array instead of being limited to a single disk requires a minimum of 3 drives, maximum of 8 drives supports redundancy
Gaming Laptops are made to give a more intense performance than a regular laptop. They have high end, dedicated graphics, whereas a regular laptop just has integrated graphics. Gaming laptops have specially designed ________ systems and high speed fans for efficient performance. They have high power consuming processors hence have less battery life as compared to a regular laptop. Gaming laptops have sophisticated things such as Backlit RBG keyboards, high quality displays, and an out of the world design, which is why they cost more than a regular laptop.
cooling
In general, if you are unable to install a printer, then the printer spooler has become ________ in some way. To fix this, you would stop the spooler service; delete all files out of the spool directory in the Windows folder; and restart the spooler service.
corrupted
A small business is setting up a network, as well as purchasing printers. The owner is concerned about the total costs over the life of the printer. He wants to keep it as low as possible. What is the most important factor to consider?
cost per page
A user reports that an RJ45 plug on the network cable is broken. What tools should you use to replace the broken plug?
crimper cable stripper
Contrast ratio is the difference between the _______ and ________ spot on a monitor's display.
darkest lightest
Hardware RAID is used when you need speed along with _______ ___________. It requires a special _____________, which have chips with their own processor and memory. Hardware RAID allows ______ __________ of a bad disk. The controller allows the card, instead of the OS to handle the work of the RAID. Most common in enterprise world Invisible to the OS Special configuration utility in flash ROM that you access after the CMOS but before the OS loads
data redundancy. controller hot swapping
When you plug multiple devices into a USB hub, the bus speed ________ because all devices share the same total bandwidth, and the power usage _________.
decreases increases
A client calls to complain that his computer starts up, but crashes when Windows starts to load. After a brief set of questions, you find out his nephew upgraded the RAM for him over the weekend and couldn't get the computer to work right afterward. What could be the problem?
disconnected CPU fan
_____ __________ _________ removes unused files like temporary Internet files from your hard drive Temporary Internet files, emptying the Recycle Bin, and removing Setup Log Files are examples of what Disk Cleanup helps you to remove TO ACCESS THE UTILITY: Run cleanmgr.exe in Start Search box Use Windows Explorer, right-click the drive, Properties box, General tab
disk cleanup utility
Print resolution is measured in _____ _____ ______.
dots per inch (dpi)
Higher end printers can contain ______ assemblies, which enables the printer to automatically print on both sides of the paper Many modern printers can also ______ multiple print jobs in sequential order
duplex collate
The two types of RAM are _________ and ________.
dynamic static
clean installation involves the installing of Windows on an ______ or _______ drive OR completely replacing an existing installation. The advantage is previous problems from an old OS are not copied over to the new OS. Disadvantage is that applications and special preferences will need to be reinstalled.
empty blank
A customer is replacing an older Linux server with a new computer. The old computer is BIOS-based. The new computer is UEFI-based. The customer wants to install the same Linux distribution and applications on the new computer. You were able to install Linux, but the computer will not boot. You need to enable startup. What should you do?
enable legacy BIOS compatibility mode disable secure boot
Bitlocker is a microsoft utility that _________ a drive. It is designed to protect data by providing _____________ for entire volumes.
encrypt encryption
Windows 7 Enterprise can be upgraded to Windows 8 ____________
enterprise
Jane wishes to check her hard drive for errors. What tool should she use in Windows 8.1?
error-checking
RAID 6 (disk stripping w/extra parity)
essentially an extension of RAID level 5 which allows for additional fault tolerance by using a second independent distributed parity scheme (dual parity) requires a minimum of 5 drives
______ is a new file system designed to support high-capacity removable storage media, such as flash drives. Supports files up to 16 Exabytes (EB) Supports partitions up to 64 Zettabytes (ZB)
exFAT (FAT64)
_________ ______ are electrical connectors on the motherboard
expansion slots
___________ _____ _____ is an I/O pathway for transferring information between internal hardware (i.e, RAM, CPU) and expansion devices (i.e. graphics card, sound card) It is controlled by a system bus crystal that enables it to run at different speeds.
external data bus (EDB) (expansion bus)
If the monitor is displaying a dim image, it is a sign that the monitor is _________.
failing.
________ ___________ is a type of non-volatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten. Types: Compact Flash Secure Digital (SD) Mini SD Micro SD Memory Stick xD Picture Card
flash memory
The 4-pin FDD connector is used as a power supply connection for ________ ______ to the ATX motherboard. It also known as the Berg connector or mini molex.
floppy disk
Some keyboards require the ____ _____ be held down to get the special function to work when a function key is pressed.
fn key
_______ _______ is a set of specifications on the size, shape, and configuration of a computer hardware component such as a case, power supply, or motherboard.
form factor
The two distinct cameras for mobile devices include ________ _______ and ________ ________.
front facing rear facing
On a laser printer, if pages are wrinkled and there are random patterns of missing print, you would replace the _________.
fuser
On a laser printer, if the print on the pages smears after printing, you would replace the ______, as it is not getting hot enough to fuse the toner.
fuser
On a laser printer, if the toner is not fused on paper, it may be due to ________ __________ malfunctioning.
fuser assembly
A tablet does not require the use of a keyboard or mouse. It uses _________, such as: Tap: Similar to a mouse click. Double-tap: Similar to a double-click with a mouse. Flick (fling): this scrolls one up or down a tablet screen. Touch and hold (long press): performs different activities depending upon the device. Drag (pan): a drag moves items on a screen. Pinch: Zooms in on a screen. Spread: Zooms out on a screen. Pinch and spread: A pinch on one area of the screen and a spread on another area of a screen. Touch flow: Moving gesture across or down a screen (similar to a flick).
gestures
Older CPUs were measured in megahertz (MHz), but today, CPUs are measured in _______
gigahertz (GHz) 1 GHz = 1 billion cycles per second
video editing workstation combines the requirements of both ______ and ______ workstations. Multiple _________ are usually required.
graphics audio monitors
If the mobile device is overheating, it is usually caused by a _________ issue, such as a defective battery. If not corrected, it can lead to device failure, the device being too hot to touch, electrical shock, or battery leak and explosion.
hardware
__________ are the physical components of a PC that you can hold and touch
hardware
_____ ______ is a small ceramic or metal component with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical components, such as a processor. CPU temperature is vital for operations. BIOS monitors/controls this function
heat sink
A thermal printer has a _________ _____________ which will need to be cleaned once in a while using isopropyl alcohol.
heating element
In computer terms, a bus is a connection between two or more components. Bus speeds can also be measured in _________. The number of ______ dictates the number of times a signal goes up, down, and back per second.
hertz (Hz) For example, a 133 MHz CPU can process 133 million cycles per second. A 1 GHz bus speed can process one billion cycles per second.
Privacy filters are essential in ____-________ environments.
high-security
An impact printer uses paper with _____ on the sides.
holes
A _______ ______________ drive is one that can be safely installed and removed while a computer is up and running without damaging the data stored on the drive. ______ systems often support hot-swappable drives. The RAID controller will regenerate lost data from the other drives. Provides fault tolerance.
hot-swappable drive RAID
________ _______ ________ combines flash memory and traditional HDD. The flash memory is used for the OS and the HDD is used for storage and other applications.
hybrid hard drive (H-HDD)
__________________ is a technology that permits quicker processing of information by enabling a new set of instructions to start executing before the previous set has finished. A single physical core appears as two logical processors. Inside the processor are two ALUs. Two ALUs gives the appearance of two processors __________________ is responsible for a lot of the processing in a computer
hyperthreading Cache and bus still shared Performance improvement is application dependent Intel suggests a possible 30% performance gain
What are the 3 main operating systems for smartphones?
iOS - Apple Google - Android Windows OS - Microsoft
What is the name of the software you can install on your computer to sync an iPhone or iPad?
iTunes
A laser printer consists of pickup rollers, separate pads, _______ _______, transfer rollers and belts, and a fuser assembly.
imaging drums
You are building a PC for a customer. The customer will use the PC primarily for CAD/CAM applications. The customer will be doing alot of 3D rendering, and performance is a critical requirement. You are installing an ATX motherboard with 4 color-coded DDR3 memory slots. The motherboard supports dual channel memory architecture. The customer wants you to install at least 8 GB of RAM memory. What should you do?
install two 4 GB memory modules in different colored slots
You have to test the network path between you and the destination. You want to make sure that your results include IP addresses, not hostnames of routers. Which command should you use?
ipconfig/all
___________ can be switches or pinned jumpers used to make changes to the default code. Configured on most motherboards today using a software based interface. Can control many factors: -CPU speeds and clock timing -Port availability -Resetting the CMOS battery
jumpers
Laptop speakers are usually placed behind the _____________.
keyboard
Replacing a laptop screen almost always involves first removing the _______________. Make sure everything is disconnected before attempting to remove a screen.
keyboard
Portable personal computer is also known as a ________.
laptop
With a laser printer, what creates the image on the photosensitive drum?
laser imaging unit
______ _________ _______ ________ test AC voltage Measures in joules and should rate a minimum of 2000 joules or higher
light emitting circuit tester
_______ __________ is an ultimate cooling system for gaming PCs. It is more expensive but does a better job than a fan system and is much quieter The liquid passes over the heat sink, in tubing, to carry away heat.
liquid cooling
Types of printer installation are _____ or _______. A ______ printer is one which is directly connected to a specific computer via USB cable, thunderbolt, or parallel port. This printer is only accessible from that particular workstation and therefore, can only service one computer at a time. A _________ printer is part of a workgroup or network of computers that can all access the same printers at the same time. They are connected to the networks server (shared printer) via ethernet cable, Wi-Fi, or bluetooth.
local, network
In general, if the printer will not print, most commonly it may be due to ______ __________.
low toner
Brightness is measured in ______.
lumens
There are 2 main types of hard drives found in devices, which are _______ and _______ ________.
magnetic solid state
In general, if you are receiving error codes during printer, you may want to check ______________ ________________.
manufacturer documentation
______ ____ is a motherboard designed to keep the same benefits of ATX but cost less. It is still good for games. It only has ___ expansion slot. MAX SIZE is ____ x ____ MIN SIZE is ___ x ____
micro atx 4 9.6" x 9.6" 6.76" x 6.76"
____ ____ is a motherboard that usually found in home theater systems and thin client machines. It has ___ expansion slots. MAX SIZE is ____ x ____ MIN SIZE is ____ x ____
mini atx 7 11.2" x 8.2" 5.9" x 5.9"
Output devices are devices that enable the computer to give the user the results of the processed date. They include (list 8):
monitor printer speakers headphones projector touchscreen fax machine CD/DVD USB drive
A ____________ is the primary output device of a PC
monitor (video display)
20-pin molex ATX Power Connector is used to power the _____________ in ATX systems In the ATX-2 it will have 4 extra pins (24)
motherboard
_______________ is the central controller of communications between CPU and peripherals Primary building block for a PC
motherboard (system board)
A ____________ ____________ physically have more than one core on the die, and each core can run a task. Dual-core Two cores on the die; two tasks at once Triple-core Three cores on the die; three tasks at once ---Seen more in gaming systems, handheld devices, etc. Not common in desktops Quad-core Four cores on the die; four tasks at once Eight-core (octa) Eight cores on the die; eight tasks at once Dual and quad cores are the most common in desktops and laptops Understand that multiple cores does not equate to multiple processors.
multicore processor
If the mobile devices does not have sound, you should check the volume level or check to see if the device has been _______. You can also check applications or if there are any hardware problems.
muted
In general, if there is no printer connectivity, it may be a _______ ________; cable, ethernet port or wireless adapter failed.
network issue
On an inkjet printer, if ink streaks appear on the printed page, you would clean the _________.
nozzles
On an inkjet printer, if the lines or dots are missing from the printed page, you would clean the inkjet __________.
nozzles
What Windows command line protocol displays information that you can use to diagnose the DNS infrastructure?
nslookup
resistance =
ohms
On a laptop, optical drives are relatively easy to replace. Most are held in place with ______ ______, so it should be easy to remove and upgrade.
one screw
Thick Client is a standard desktop PC. It is also known as the "fat" client. It has a modern __________ ___________ and general productivity software applications.
operating system
_____________ ________ is the component of the PC that controls the hardware and enables you to tell the computer what to do. Made up of the User Interface and Graphical User Interface
operating system
__________ ________ is a data storage medium that can be written to and read using a low-powered laser beam (uses patterns of lands and pits on the disc service) Types: CD (compact disc) DVD (digital video disc) Blue-ray disc
optical disc
To run a processor at speeds higher than it was designed to perform is known as ________________.
overclock
Print speed is measured in _____ _____ ______.
pages per minute (ppm)
RAID 10 (1+0) (Nested, striped mirrors)
pair of drives is configured as a mirror, and then the same is done to another pair to achieve a pair of RAID 1 arrays. Looks like a single drive to the OS. requires a minimum of 4 drives
On a laptop, a smart card reader is usually found under the ______ ______, so many parts have to be moved in order to replace it.
palm rest
In general, during printing, if the queue is backed up, there may possibly be a _______ _____.
paper jam
A ________ bit (check bit) is a single bit that can be appended to a binary string. It is set to either 1 or 0 to make the total number of 1-bits either even ("even parity") or odd ("odd parity"). The purpose of a ________ bit is to provide a simple way to check for errors later. When data is stored or transferred electronically, it's not uncommon for bits to "flip" — change from a 1 to a 0, or vice versa.
parity (error detecting RAM)
In general, if a laser printer has a paper jam or a "paper out" message appears, this is indicative that the internal feed mechanism has temporarily stopped working. You should turn off the printer before attempting to remove the paper jam. Check for jammed paper in input try and output bin. Additionally, check tray to make sure it isn't out of alignment. Take paper out and fan it and place it back in. Humidity can cause the paper to stick together. If none of these fixes the problem, the _______ _________ may need to be replaced.
pickup roller
Inkjet printing can be performed using a thermal or a _________________ process.
piezoelectric
_____ _____ ______ is a feature of a CPU socket whereby the pins are aligned in uniform rows around the socket.
pin grid array (PGA)
On a laptop, when replacing the keyboard, pay close attention to the way in which the keyboard is connected to the motherboard. The best way to remove a keyboard is by using a _______ ________. The bottom cover often needs to be removed to access a large screw holding the keyboard in place. Then, a _________ __________ can pop the keyboard out and a new one can be put in. Pay close attention to the way in which the keyboard is connected to the motherboard. _________ ____________ are preferred over a flat-head screw driver, as it will not scratch surfaces.
plastic wedge
;Page orientation includes two types, which are _____ and ____. __________ is the standard orientation, and it has a 4:3 ratio. __________ is a widescreen orientation, and it has a 16:9 ratio.
portrait, landscape
SDDs perform more efficiently than traditional HDDs, and they consume less ________, but they are more _____________ than traditional HDDs.
power expensive
_________ _______________ is a device intended to improve the quality of the power that is delivered to electrical load equipment
power conditioner aka line conditioner or power line conditioner
In general, if you are having problems printing locally, you should make sure there is paper in the printer. Then, verify that the correct printer has been selected. Another option is to cancel all print jobs and/or restart the _________ __________. If you choose to restart, make sure to power cycle the printer (turn off, turn on). If this fails, you can try to print from another application OR reinstall printer drivers. Of note, if the printer drivers are the issue, the printer will print random characters. If this is the case, reboot the PC and see if this helps.
print spooler
In general, if there are vertical lines on the page, you may need to clean the __________.
printer
If the pins inside of an impact printer stop working, the _______________ will need to be replaced.
printhead
You need to modify the boot order on a PC. You start up the PC but are prevented from modifying the BIOS configuration settings. The previous user protected the BIOS with an administrator password. You do not know the password. The BIOS chip is socket-mounted. You turn off and unplug the PC. What should you do next?
remove the CMOS battery from the motherboard for a few minutes, and then replace the battery, restore power, and restart.
Magnetic hard drives consists of cylinders which contain tracks. These tracks contain _________, which store the data written to the drive. PARTS OF A HARD DRIVE platter spindle head actuator actuator arm actuator axis power connector jumper block IDE connector
sectors
AppleTV and Chromecast are examples of a ___-_____ ______ devices
set-top box
Thin client is a desktop that has limited capabilities/components. It is mostly designed for a _________ __________. Since it requires fewer resources, it is cheaper to purchase. Thin client is designed to "outsource" much its work. It includes a standard OS with few applications, and typically relies on resources from the ___________. TYPES OF THIN CLIENT PC's - cash registers - office workstations - nurse's workstations
single purpose server
________ _______ uses an embedded chip in the card to enhance security
smart card
_________ is the components of a PC that enable you to do specialized tasks.
software
Usually, the laptop CPU is _________ to the motherboard, thus making it not replaceable. If the CPU is replaceable, consult the motherboard manual for instructions.
soldered
Tablets use ______ - _______ drives to consume less power and thus extend battery life.
solid-state drives (SSD)
___________ _____ ______ _______ is a type of socket used by processors that has pins staggered over the socket in order to squeeze more pins into a small space. Used by Intel processors for Socket 5 and Socket 7
staggered pin grid array (SPGA)
image deployment installation is popular for re-creating ___________ configurations. An image is a complete copy of a hard drive volume on which an operating system and any other needed application software has been pre-installed. Images can be stored on optical discs, USB flash drives, or on special software on a server.
standard
If the mobile device is experiencing slow performance, it may be due to lack of ________ ________ on the device OR too many _______ running at the same time and using up the RAM. You can correct this by performing a hard boot of the device and closing unused apps.
storage space apps
The ________ _________ determines the speed at which the CPU will operate
system crystal Crystal speed x a multiplier = CPU speed
_________ __________ is a utility in Windows that restores system settings to a specific previous date when everything was working properly.
system restore
BIOS monitoring can monitor ________, _____ _________, _________, ______ _________ and _______ ________.
temperature fan speeds voltage clock speeds bus speeds
After a sudden power outage, John's PC rebooted, but nothing appeared on the screen. The PC just beeps at him, over and over. What's most likely the problem?
the power outage destroyed his RAM
In general, if the printed page has streaks or faded printouts it may be due to a bad or third-party ______ ___________ or printer needs to be cleaned.
toner cartridge
On a laser printer, if one or more white streaks appear in the print or some areas of the print are lighter than others, you would remove ________ _________, shake it, and reinstall.
toner cartridge
On a laser printer, if the "poor print quality" or "toner low" message displays, you would shake/replace the _________ __________ or unplug the printer and allow it to cool.
toner cartridge
A ___________ is located on the laptop, and is an alternative to the mouse.
touchpad
Magnetic drives have a "seek time," which is the time it takes to move from one ______ to another
track
During the laser printer image process, toner is applied to the paper during the _____________ step.
transferring
Unlike RAM, hard drives store data even after a device is _______ ________.
turned off
If you are having GENERAL PRINTER ISSUES, you should first verify if the printer is _______ ____. Then, you can print a test page. If the test page does not print, check to see if there is a paper jam, issues with the cover, issued with installed cartridges, and/or power source(s). You may have to reset the printer. Make sure to review manufacturer documentation. If all else fails, the next step is taking it to a certified repair shop.
turned on
remote network installation is known as an ___________ _____________. In order to complete this installation, you read use source files in a shared directory on a network server. You would connect to the new computer over the network in order to install the new OS. Remote network installation allows for a variety of automation methods that can be done with special scripts that automatically select the options and components needed.
unattended installation
Most tablets have Wi-Fi capability. Some tablets have cellular capability. With the exception of micro SD cards for expanded storage, tablets tend to not be _______________ nor do they have serviceable parts.
upgradable
