24 true false
1) Beta oxidation is the initial phase of fatty acid oxidation, and it occurs in the cytoplasm.
False
10) Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.
False
11) The preferred energy fuel for the brain is fat.
False
13) All athletes require diets high in protein and calories in order to perform and to maintain their muscle mass.
False
15) When blood glucose levels are low, the body begins to use more noncarbohydrate fuels for energy production. This process is called glucose activation.
False
16) Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are anabolic.
False
19) The major role of HDLs is to store energy in the form of fat.
False
23) Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high HDL concentrations.
False
3) Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.
False
4) The term essential nutrient refers to the chemicals that can be interconverted in the liver so that the body can maintain life and good health.
False
6) There are no complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a complete protein.
False
7) The body is considered to be in nitrogen balance when the amount of nitrogen ingested in lipids equals the amount excreted in urine.
False
9) Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health.
False
12) Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose-1-phosphate.
True
14) In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the amine group (NH2) must be removed.
True
17) For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.
True
18) Triglycerides and cholesterol do not circulate freely in the bloodstream.
True
2) The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose sparing.
True
20) It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body.
True
21) Carbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy, but amino acid pools must first be converted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular respiration pathways.
True
22) High levels of HDLs are considered good.
True
24) Ghrelin, produced by the stomach, is a powerful appetite stimulant.
True
25) Peptides called NPY and AgRP are powerful appetite enhancers.
True
26) The primary function of carbohydrates is energy production within cells.
True
5) The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.
True
8) The amount of protein needed by each person is determined by the age, size, and metabolic rate of the person.
True