24.2 Classifications of Fungi
Chytridiomycota
(also, chytrids) primitive phylum of fungi that live in water and produce gametes with flagella
Basidiomycota
(also, club fungi) phylum of fungi that produce club-shaped structures (basidia) that contain spores
Zygomycota
(also, conjugated fungi) phylum of fungi that form a zygote contained in a zygospore
Ascomycota
(also, sac fungi) phylum of fungi that store spores in a sac called ascus
Which of the following statements is true? A basidium is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus, and it forms four basidiocarps. The result of the plasmogamy step is four basidiospores. Karyogamy results directly in the formation of mycelia. A basidiocarp is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus.
A basidiocarp is the fruiting body of a mushroom-producing fungus.
Which of the following statements is true? A dikaryotic ascus that forms in the ascocarp undergoes karyogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores. A diploid ascus that forms in the ascocarp undergoes karyogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores. A haploid zygote that forms in the ascocarp undergoes karyogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores. A dikaryotic ascus that forms in the ascocarp undergoes plasmogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores.
A dikaryotic ascus that forms in the ascocarp undergoes karyogamy, meiosis, and mitosis to form eight ascospores.
Ascomycota: The Sac Fungi
Ascomycota: The Sac Fungi
By ingesting spores and disseminating them in the environment as waste, animals act as agents of dispersal. The benefit to the fungus outweighs the cost of producing fleshy fruiting bodies.
By ingesting spores and disseminating them in the environment as waste, animals act as agents of dispersal. The benefit to the fungus outweighs the cost of producing fleshy fruiting bodies.
The fungi that do not reproduce sexually use to be classified as ________. Ascomycota Deuteromycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota
By ingesting spores and disseminating them in the environment as waste, animals act as agents of dispersal. The benefit to the fungus outweighs the cost of producing fleshy fruiting bodies.
The most primitive phylum of fungi is the ________. Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota
Chytridiomycota
Section Summary
Chytridiomycota (chytrids) are considered the most primitive group of fungi. They are mostly aquatic, and their gametes are the only fungal cells known to have flagella. They reproduce both sexually and asexually; the asexual spores are called zoospores. Zygomycota (conjugated fungi) produce non-septated hyphae with many nuclei. Their hyphae fuse during sexual reproduction to produce a zygospore in a zygosporangium. Ascomycota (sac fungi) form spores in sacs called asci during sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is their most common form of reproduction. Basidiomycota (club fungi) produce showy fruiting bodies that contain basidia in the form of clubs. Spores are stored in the basidia. Most familiar mushrooms belong to this division. Fungi that have no known sexual cycle were classified in the form phylum Deuteromycota, which the present classification puts in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Glomeromycota form tight associations (called mycorrhizae) with the roots of plants.
Members of which phylum establish a successful symbiotic relationship with the roots of trees? Ascomycota Deuteromycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota
Glomeromycota
The fungi that do not reproduce sexually use to be classified as ________. Ascomycota Deuteromycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota
Glomeromycota
Members of which phylum produce a club-shaped structure that contains spores? Chytridiomycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota
Members of which phylum produce a club-shaped structure that contains spores? Chytridiomycota Basidiomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota
Zygomycota
The Conjugated Fungi
The zygomycetes are a relatively small group of fungi belonging to the Phylum Zygomycota
They include the familiar bread mold, Rhizopus stolonifer, which rapidly propagates on the surfaces of breads, fruits, and vegetables
basidium
club-shaped fruiting body of basidiomycetes
This form of sexual reproduction in fungi is called conjugation (although it differs markedly from conjugation in bacteria and protists), giving rise to the name "conjugated fungi".
conjugated fungi".
Deuteromycota
former form phylum of fungi that do not have a known sexual reproductive cycle (presently members of two phyla: Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)
former form phylum of fungi that do not have a known sexual reproductive cycle (presently members of two phyla: Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)
former form phylum of fungi that do not have a known sexual reproductive cycle (presently members of two phyla: Ascomycota and Basidiomycota)
ascocarp
fruiting body of ascomycetes
basidiocarp
fruiting body that protrudes from the ground and bears the basidia
mycota
is used to designate a phylum
Arbuscular mycorrhizae
mycorrhizae commonly involving Glomeromycetes in which the fungal hyphae penetrate the cell walls of the plant root cells (but not the cell membranes)
Cryptococcus
neoformans causes severe respiratory illness.
Glomeromycota
phylum of fungi that form symbiotic relationships with the roots of trees
ascomyceter life cycle
pic
Zygomycetes play a considerable commercial role. The metabolic products of other species of Rhizopus are intermediates in the synthesis of semi-synthetic steroid hormones.
semi-synthetic steroid hormones.
zygospore
structure with thick cell wall that contains the zygote in zygomycetes
mold
tangle of visible mycelia with a fuzzy appearance
The only class in the Phylum Chytridiomycota
the Chytridiomycetes
the aflatoxins released by fungi of the genus Aspergillus.
the aflatoxins
The chytrids are
the simplest and most primitive Eumycota, or true fungi. Chytrids usually live in aquatic environments