3.1 and 3.2 Civil Rights/Liberties

Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A public school system uses a race-based segregation.

Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Fourth Amendment?

A suspect's cell phone is analyzed by police before a warrant is issued.

Based on previous rulings, the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as a right-to-privacy case?

A woman who is prevented from an abortion

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply?

Federal government only

Which of the following constitutional principles best explains why there is variation among states on the use of capital punishment?

Federalism

Legislation forbidding flag burning was deemed unconstitutional because it violated the

First Amendment's protection of expression.

The cartoon above depicts the assertion of which principle of American civil liberties?

Freedom of speech

Justice Tom Clark, Mapp v. Ohio (1961). Which two principles are addressed in the excerpt above?

I and III

During the civil War, President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus and detained thousands of citizens who protested the war. Which of the following statements best illustrates this scenario?

There is a tension between civil liberties and public order.

Which of the following statements presents the most important limitation of the data in the graph?

There is no information about the total number of state legislators.

Which of the following Supreme Court decisions allows public school students to wear T-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs?

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

Which of the following actions by public school students would most likely be protected symbolic speech based on the precedent established by Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969).

Wearing t-shirts objecting to a school board decision.

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?

When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state

A writ of habeas corpus refers to

a person's right to know the reasons for his or her imprisonment.

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of

equality for women.

A bill of attainder is a

law that declares that an action of an individual can be punished without a trial.

Jim Crow laws, still in place in the early 1960s in South, were outlawed by the

passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Acts.

The First Amendment prevents the federal government from doing all of the following EXCEPT

passing bills of attainder or ex post facto laws.

The American with Disabilities Act was widely unpopular with governors and mayors because it

required that states and cities pay for federally mandated construction and remodeling.

With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that

state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment.

If a college's admission policy to reserve twenty seats in its incoming class for applicants belonging to racial minority groups is challenged in the courts, a judge is likely to

strike down the policy because reserving seats amounts to a quota system.

In Roe v Wade, the majority of Supreme Court justices determined that

the United States Constitution implies a right to privacy and thus made abortions legal.

A state government places security cameras facing a popular site of protest in a public square in front of its statehouse. This scenario illustrates

the balance of promoting stability and during civil rights

Civil rights activists, such as those who campaign for gay and lesbian equal rights and those who advocated for racial equality in 1950s and 1960s, often find the most effective way to secure those rights is

through litigation in the courts to gain legal protections against discrimination.

According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted

when it incites violent action.

Which of the following best describes a purpose of the Establishment Clause?

It prohibits Congress from establishing a state religion.

Which of the following describes an effect of the Twenty-Fourth Amendment?

It reduced barriers to political participation on the basis of gender.

The grandfather clause is significant in United States political history for which of the following reasons?

It was means whereby Black citizens in southern states was disenfranchised.

Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton's argument?

Listing rights will lead some to assume that government may regulate those rights.

Which of the statements best describes the information in the map?

Most states in the South and West allow capital punishment.

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government.

Supporters of Hamilton's view that a bill of rights could be dangerous to liberty could point to which of the following cases?

Schenck v United States (1919)

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the

Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws.

Which of the following is a principle underlying the Bill of Rights?

Some rights are fundamental and should not be subject to majoritarian control.

Based the text, which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

The Bill of Rights could potentially be used to limit civil liberties.

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

The Fourteenth Amendment

The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?

The Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection.

Which of the following amendments to the Constitution most likely provides the basis for a driver to challenge the constitutionality of police use of sobriety checkpoints in enforcing drunk driving laws?

The Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search and seizure

The application of the death penalty has been limited in recent decades and cannot be applied to minors and people who are found to be mentally incompetent. Which of the following is a reason for this?

The Supreme Court changed its interpretation of what constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment.

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of southern African American state legislators between 1960 and 1992 as shown in the graph?

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?

The establishment clause

Which of the following is contained in the Fourteenth Amendment and was likely an inspiration for Martin Luther King, Jr's "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"?

The principle that all people should be equal under the law, as embodied in the equal protection clause.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment?

The right to burn a flag ------ Obscenity

The "exclusionary rule" refers to which of the following?

The rule that prohibits the use of illegally seized evidence in criminal prosecutions