3.2.2 3.2.3

function 1 of the liver in the body?

Excretion of bilirubin(yellow/orange pigment formed in liver from breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted), cholesterol, hormones, and drugs

How does the pancreas connect to the rest of the digestive system?

It is behind the stomach and it connects to the gallbladder and the small intestine

2nd section of the small intestine

Jejunum

What is the size of the liver and where is it located?

Largest internal organ, relative to a football, located in upper portion of the abdomen, superior to stomach, and inferior to diaphragm

What mechanisms are in place to make sure food does not "go down the wrong tube" and into the windpipe?

A flap of skin, known as the epiglottis, separates the esophagus from the trachea, thus preventing food from "going down the wrong tube".

What is the function of the large intestine in relation to digestion?

In relation to digestion, the large intestine absorbs water and salts. It also stores waste material until they're thrown out of the body.

How is insulin related to the digestive system?

Insulin is released when there is a high glucose level in the blood and this happens when you eat too much sugar

What is the oral cavity and what does it contain?

The oral cavity is the first part of the digestive tract known as the mouth. It contains teeth, tongue, lips, tonsils, uvula, and the cheeks.

What cells in the stomach function to form enzymes and acids?

The parietal cells in the gastric epithelium create HCl. The chief cells create pepsinogen.

How does food move through the intestines?

The pathway of food through the intestines is: duodenum → jejunum → ileum → cecum → colon → rectum

What is a bolus?

A bolus is small rounded mass of a substance. Chewed food at the moment of swallowing is an example of bolus.

Enzyme 1 inside of the small intestine

Amylase acts on starch and breaks it down into small carbohydrate molecules.

Where do bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the small intestine?

Bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the small intestine through the duodenum.

What is the function of bile and where does it enter the digestive tract?

Bile contains waste products and it is used to digest and absorb fats and it enters from the liver.

What is the relationship between the liver and the gallbladder?

Bile is produced by the liver, that helps absorb fat into the bloodstream. This substance, bile, is stored in the gallbladder until it is needed to help digest fat

What is chyme and how does the stomach mix this material?

Chyme is a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion. To mix this material gastric glands in the stomach form digestive juices that specifically break down specific molecules in the food.

1st section of the small intestines

Duedenum

function 3 of the liver in the body?

Enzyme activation

Why doesn't gastric juice digest the inside of the stomach?

Gastric juice doesn't digest the inside of the stomach because the inside of the stomach is made of a strong material able to handle gastric juices without being digested itself.

3rd section of the small intestine

Ileum

function 2 of the liver in the body?

Metabolism of macromolecules

How does the liver function in relation to digestion?

Process nutrients absorbed from small intestine

What are the primary functions of the stomach?

The main function of the stomach is to break down and digest food in order to extract necessary nutrients from what you have eaten.

What are the size and the location of the pancreas?

6 inches long sits across the back of the abdomen, behind stomach

Enzyme 3 inside of the small intestine

Lipase breaks down dietary fats into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol.

How does the large intestine help maintain a water balance in the body?

The large intestine helps the body digest and remove water from the remains of food (feces) after which it will go through the rectum.

Where are the soft and hard palate located and what are their functions?

The soft and hard palate are located at the roof of the mouth. The hard palate is at the front, and the soft palate is at the back. The hard palate holds the root of the teeth. The soft palate pressed down for swallowing.

What role does the stomach play in decontaminating the incoming food matter?

The stomach releases enzymes that kill bacteria in food and balance pH. The Stomach also breaks down and digest the food.

1st section of the large intestine

cecum The cecum takes digested liquid from the ileum and passes it on to the colon.

2nd section of the large intestine

colon The colon is the principal place for water reabsorption and absorbs salts when needed.

3rd section of the large intestine

rectum The rectum is where leftover waste sits until it is ready to be emptied through the anus.

What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the stomach?

Mechanical digestion in the stomach is the churning and contracting of muscles to break down food. Chemical digestion in the stomach occurs when acids and enzymes are released to break down and digest food.

What is peristaltic movement and how does it function in the esophagus?

Peristaltic movement is the constriction and relaxation of muscles in the esophagus, stomach and intestines that occur in wavelike contractions. Peristaltic movement in the esophagus occurs when food is eaten.

Enzyme 2 inside of the small intestine

Protease acts on proteins and breaks them down into amino acids.

What enzymes are produced by the pancreas and what are their functions?

Pancreatic proteases: which help digest proteins Pancreatic amylase: helps digest carbohydrates Pancreatic lipase: helps digest lipids or fats

What are the different functions of the pancreas, and how is the pancreas directly related to digestion?

Part of the pancreas works with the endocrine system and secretes hormones that help regulate blood sugar. Then another part of the pancreas is exocrine and it helps with digestions of food. It secretes enzymes that help break down food that continues on in the small intestine

Does any digestion of food occur in the esophagus?

Some digestion occurs in the esophagus, but the esophagus does not cause this.

What are sphincters and how are they related to the stomach?

Sphincters are the openings into and out of the stomach. They open and close when needed to either allow food into the stomach or to allow digested food out of the stomach.

function 4 of the liver in the body?

Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals

function 5 of the liver in the body?

Synthesis of proteins that aid in blood clotting

What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the oral cavity?

The mechanical digestion that occurs in the oral cavity is chewing. The chemical digestion occurring in the oral cavity is the enzymes in saliva commencing the degrading of food.

What is the pH within the small intestine and how is this pH maintained?

The pH of within the small intestine is 6. This pH is maintained through bicarbonate ions.

What is the function of the salivary glands?

The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist.

What is the function of the tongue?

The tongue aids in moving food in the mouth, chewing, and swallowing.