325 exam 2 review

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

A client is experiencing kidney failure. Which is the most serious complication for which the nurse must monitor a client with kidney failure? Anemia Weight loss Uremic frost Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia

interventions for hypernatremia

IV D5%W, administer diuretics, measure I&O, dialysis, decrease sodium intake

Which electrolyte concentration has the potential to precipitate dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest in a client? - Serum sodium of 139 mEq/L - Serum chloride of 100 mEq/L - Serum calcium of 10.2 mg/dL - Serum potassium of 7.2 mEq/L

Serum potassium of 7.2 mEq/L

After several months of chemotherapy treatment, a client with the diagnosis of multiple myeloma comes to the emergency department because of confusion, muscle weakness, and diarrhea. The nurse reviews the client's electronic medical record. Which complication associated with chemotherapy does the nurse suspect that the client is experiencing?

Tumor lysis syndrome

risk for hyperkalemia

cardiac arrest

causes of hypovolemia

decreased intake, normal output; or normal intake, increased output

causes of hypernatremia

dehydration, diabetes insipidus, fever, Cushing's syndrome, heat exposure, excessive exercise

causes of hyponatremia

diuretics, diarrhea, congestive HF, liver disease, renal failure

The nurse reviews a medical record and is concerned that the client may develop hyperkalemia. Which disease increases the risk of hyperkalemia? Crohn disease Cushing disease End-stage renal disease GERD

end-stage renal disease

causes of hypervolemia

heart failure, renal failure, excessive IV fluids input > output

Irritability, as a result of heightened neuromuscular activity, is a sign of

hyperkalemia

Diabetes insipidus results in inadequate antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing water loss and:

hyponatremia

blood pressure change that occurs because of sodium and water losses that accompany glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid insufficiency

hypotension

Clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia

lethargy, nausea, vomiting, paresthesias, and personality changes, decreased muscle contraction

causes of hyperkalemia

trauma, renal disease, use of salt substitues, K-sparing diuretcs

if there's too much fluid, labs will show ever-increasing _______ values

BNP

fluid and electrolyte balance is the balance of what 3 factors?

- Extracellular volume - osmolality - K+ concentration

interventions for hypervolemia

diuretics, fluid restrictions, low sodium diet, I&O, daily weights, check electrolytes & renal function

in the presence of hyponatremia, _________________ results

hyperkalemia

Excess sodium intake can lead to

hypernatremia

causes of hypokalemia

loss of body fluid (vomiting, diarrhea, sweating); medications (diuretics, steroids)

spironolactone is a __________ - sparing drug

potassium

Salt substitutes usually contain __________, which can lead to __________

potassium; hyperkalemia

A nurse is caring for a client whose laboratory values indicate the presence of hyponatremia. Which factors does the nurse determine were the most likely cause of the hyponatremia? - Diabetes insipidus - Profuse diaphoresis - Excess sodium intake - Removal of the parathyroid glands - Rapid IV infusion of 5% dextrose in water

profuse diaphoresis, Rapid IV infusion of 5% dextrose in water

Administering potassium binding and excreting resin, such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate, can

reduce potassium levels

risk for hypernatremia

seizure

clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia

tetany, seizures, excess muscle contraction, n/v/d

Chvostek sign

the contraction of the facial muscles in response to a light tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear; is associated with hypocalcemia

An 85-year-old client has a serum potassium level of 6.7 mEq/L (6.7 mmol/L). Which nursing action is the priority at this time?

Monitor for cardiovascular irregularities.

clinical manifestations of hypervolemia

confusion, high BP, JVD

following a major abdominal surgery, a client has a nasogastric tube attached to continuous low suction. The nurse caring for the client postoperatively monitors the client for what signs of hypokalemia?

- dysrhythmias - muscle weakness

expected range for serum calcium

9 - 10.5 mg/dL

Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia

ALOC, nausea; malaise; changes in mental status (confusion), seizures; cellular swelling, cerebral edema; diarrhea; rapid thready pulse, reduced tendon reflexes (mainly neurologic, as water rushes to brain cells)

After an assessment, an adolescent is diagnosed with a perceived inability to ingest food. Which nursing interventions would be appropriate for identifying hyponatremia? - Monitor vital signs - Monitor fluid and electrolyte status - Monitor nutritional intake and behavior - Monitor for targeted daily calorie intake - Monitor activities for detrimental behaviors

Monitor vital signs; Monitor fluid and electrolyte status

Removal of the parathyroid glands can lead to

hypocalcemia

Foods high in potassium

potatoes, cantaloupe, bananas, avocados, oranges, dates, apricots, and raisins, spinach

A client with addisonian crisis exhibits severe manifestations of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiencies. Which responses should the nurse expect the client to exhibit?

- hyperkalemia - hyponatremia - postural hypotension

The client's serum sodium is 123 mEq/L (123 mmol/L). Which prescription should the nurse question? - Provide pretzels as a snack daily. - Restrict fluid intake to 1000 mL per day. - Assess neurologic status every 2 hours. - Administer intravenous fluid of one-half (0.45%) normal saline (NS) at 125 mL/hr.

Administer intravenous fluid of one-half normal saline (NS) at 125 mL/hr.

expected range for serum sodium

135 to 145 mEq/L

expected range for serum chloride

96 - 106 mEq/L

A registered nurse teaches a student nurse regarding the management of increased potassium levels in a client. Which action performed by the student nurse indicates effective learning? - Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate - Avoiding potassium restriction - Monitoring glucose levels hourly - Providing potassium-sparing diuretics

Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate

A client has been admitted with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting and can only tolerate sips of water. The initial blood work shows a sodium level of 122 mEq/L (122 mmol/L) and a potassium level of 3.6 mEq/L (3.6 mmol/L). Based on the lab results and symptoms, what is the client experiencing?

Hyponatremia

interventions for hypovolemia

IV fluids according to deficit, give blood, FFP, monitor I&O, daily weights

interventions for hyperkalemia

IV reg insulin + dextrose, renal dialysis, K+ lowering meds, restricting K+ rich foods, diuretics,

lab values for hypervolemia

all values go down (more water --> lower concentration) except BNP

lab values for hypovolemia

all values go up (less water --> higher concentration) except BNP

Trousseau's sign

arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia

A nurse administers a parenteral preparation of potassium slowly and cautiously to avoid which complication?

cardiac arrest

interventions for hyponatremia

correct underlying cause, IV 0.9 or 3%NaCl, fluid restrictions, fix diuretics, seizure precautions

cardiovascular effects of potassium depletion

irregular, rapid, weak pulse; decreased blood pressure; flattened and inverted T waves, prominent U waves, depressed ST segments, peaked P waves, and prolonged QT intervals

clinical manifestations of hypovolemia

low BP/orthostatic hypotension, high HR, thirst, low urine output, high BUN, rapid weight loss

Hypotonic IV solutions

lower concentration than a healthy person (ex: 0.45% NaCl)

clinical manifestations of hypokalemia

muscle weakness, tingling and numbness of extremities, shortness of breath, dysrhythmias (flat T wave, U wave present), anorexia, n/v, decreased peristalsis

clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia

cardiac arrhythmias, intestinal cramps/diarrhea/vomiting, confusion, irritability, numbness, flaccid paresis, muscle weakness/twitching, areflexia, irregular HR,

A client is receiving furosemide. For which sign of hypokalemia should the nurse monitor the client? Chvostek sign Flabby muscles Anxious behavior Abdominal cramping

flabby muscles

An older client who lives alone was found unconscious on the floor at home. The client was admitted to the hospital with the diagnoses of a fractured hip, kidney failure, and dehydration. In the 24 hours since admission, the client received 1500 mL of intravenous fluid, and the serum electrolyte value demonstrates hyponatremia. What would the nurse concludes was the element that most likely contributed to the hyponatremia?

fluid intake

Hypertonic IV solutions

higher concentration than a healthy person (ex: 3% NaCl)

where sodium is most abundant

blood plasma

When monitoring a client for hyponatremia, which assessment findings should the nurse consider significant? - Thirst - Seizures - Erythema - Confusion - Constipation

seizures, confusion

isontonic IV solution

similar concentration to that of a healthy person (ex: 0.9% NaCl)

expected range for serum potassium

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

A client with diabetic ketoacidosis who is receiving intravenous fluids and insulin reports tingling and numbness of the fingers and toes, and shortness of breath. The nurse identifies a U wave on the cardiac monitor. What should the nurse conclude is causing these clinical findings?

Hypokalemia

clinical manifestations of hypernatremia

Thirst, dry mucous membranes

A client's laboratory report indicates the presence of hypokalemia. For which clinical manifestations associated with hypokalemia should the nurse assess the client? - Thirst - Anorexia - Leg cramps - Rapid, thready pulse - Dry mucous membranes

anorexia, leg cramps

potassium facilitates conduction of:

nerve impulses and muscle activity

What dietary choices should the nurse instruct the client taking spironolactone to avoid increasing? - Potatoes - Red meat - Cantaloupe - Wheat bread - Flavored yogurt

potatoes, cantaloupe

active transport

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

interventions for hypokalemia

treat underlying cause, supplement with potassium, encourage K+ rich foods

A client's laboratory report indicates hyperkalemia. Which responses should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? <p>A client&#x2019;s laboratory report indicates hyperkalemia. Which responses should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? </p> Anorexia Vomiting Constipation Muscle weakness Irregular heart rate

vomiting, muscle weakness, irregular heart rate

Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia

weakness, dry skin, flushing, polyuria, and thirst


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Which sentence is Grammarly correct?

View Set

Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences

View Set

ENGL 2646EL 12 - The Study and Evolution of the English Language

View Set

Chapter 5: Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply

View Set

HU2000: Critically Thinking- Analyze Arguments and Diagram Decisions (Ch. 5) & Evaluate the Credibility of Claims and Sources (Ch. 6) REVIEW QUIZ

View Set

EXIT HESI Review, EXIT ALL HESI CUSTOM, Exit HESI 2021, Hesi exit #2

View Set

Roman Numerals (1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 500, 1000)

View Set

Theology 7 - Chapter 11 - Jesus Founds His Church

View Set

ECON 201 - Quiz 3: Check Your Understanding

View Set