333 Exam 3 - Skin, Hair, and Nails
1
A stage ______ pressure ulcer is red in color but without skin breakdown.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: +2 edema.
normal
Abnormal or Normal: 160 degree nail curvature.
normal
Abnormal or Normal: A fine network of thin veins on the eyelids.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: Torticollis.
acne
Adolescents are prone to _____ because of the increased production of sebum.
angioma
Benign tumor consisting of a mass of small blood vessels; can vary in size from very small to very large.
benign
Common ______ skin lesions include freckles, birth marks, skin tags, moles, and cherry angiomas.
stress
Compulsive behaviors related to ______ may be demonstrated by nail biting or hair plucking.
3
During a skin assessment, the nurse notices a lesion that is coiled and twisted in shape. The nurse will document this as: 1. linear. 2. annular. 3. gyrate. 4. confluent.
cyst
Elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material.
nodule
Elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1-2 cm in diameter. Ex: melanoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma.
wheel
Elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient; variable diameter. Ex:insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction, lupus erythematosus.
pustule
Elevated, superficial, lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid. Ex: Impetigo, acne, folliculitis, herpes simplex.
UV radiation
Excessive ______ is the most important focus area for the integumentary system, because exposure to it has been shown to cause skin cancers, particularly melanoma.
macule
Flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1 cm in diameter. Ex: freckles, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever.
purpura
Flat, reddish purple, non-blanchable discoloration in the skin greater than 0.5 cm in diameter. Caused by infection, bleeding disorders resulting in hemorrhage of blood into the skin.
4
In stage ______ pressure ulcers, the muscle, bone, and other supportive tissue may be involved.
hair, face
In the Muslim culture it is common for the females to cover their ______ and ______.
henna
Indian and Arabic females may decorate their skin with ______.
temperature
Infants have insufficient ______ regulation.
petechiae
Lesions that appear as small, reddish purple pinpoints. They are difficult to see; may be evident in the buccal mucosa of the mouth or sclera of the eye. Tiny, flat, non-blanchable, less than 0.5 cm diameter. Caused by tiny hemorrhages within the dermal or submucosa from intravascular defects and infection.
melanomas
Malignant ______ are evaluated according to the mnemonic ABCDE: A for asymmetrical, B for irregular borders, C for color variations, D for diameter exceeding 1/8 to1/4 inch (3-4mm), and E for elevated.
pregnant
Many ______ females develop striae gravidarium.
african american
Melasma occurs more frequently in _____ _____ women.
a
Mrs. Anderson presents with an itchy raised rash that appears and disappears in various locations. Each lesion lasts for many minutes. Which most likely accounts for this rash? a) Urticaria or hives b) Psoriasis c) Purpura d) Insect bites
body temperature
Regulation of _____ _____ is a function of the skin that allows heat to dissipate through sweat glands or permit heat storage through subcutaneous tissue.
1, 2, 3, 4
Select all that apply: The nurse knows that which of the following are major functions of the skin? 1. perception of pain and pressure. 2. regulation of body temperature. 3. vitamin E synthesis. 4. protection of fluid and electrolyte loss. 5. protection against bacterial invasion.
asian
Sparse body hair is more common in the ______ culture.
3
Stage ______ pressure ulcers involve the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
alopecea areata
Sudden patchy or complete loss of body hair for unknown causes is called _____ _____.
D
Synthesis of vitamin _______ is another function of the skin that occurs from cholesterol by the action of ultraviolet light.
false (depress the nail edge instead of cuticle)
T/F: Capillary refill can be assessed by depressing the cuticle briefly to blanch and then quickly releasing.
false (use the dorsal surface of the hand)
T/F: It is best to determine a client's skin temperature using the ulnar surface of the hand.
older
The ______ adult loses subcutaneous fat in the face.
skin
The ______ provides a barrier protecting the body from injury caused by mechanical or chemical sources, penetration by microorganisms, and the loss of water and electrolytes.
vellus
The fine, downy hair on a newborn is replaced with ______ hair within a few months.
4
The nurse is assessing a client's ear. The top of the ear should be equal to the: 1. pinna. 2. nasolabial folds. 3. brow. 4. lateral canthus.
iodine
Thyroid disorders are common in areas where _____ is limited.
vesicular
Varicella and herpes simplex are ______ lesions and psoriasis are plaque lesions.
b
What is the most important focus area for the integumentary system? a) Moles with defined borders smaller than 6 mm b) UV radiation exposure c) Chemical exposure d) Washing the face and hands
a
A 68-year-old retired farmer comes to the office for evaluation of a skin lesion. On the right temporal area of the forehead is a flattened papule the same color as his skin, covered by a dry, round scale that feels hard. He has several more of these scattered on the forehead, arms, and legs. Based on this description, what diagnosis is most likely? a) Actinic keratosis b) Seborrheic keratosis c) Basal cell carcinoma d) Squamous cell carcinoma
b
A 72-year-old teacher comes to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation after being in the hospital for 6 weeks. She was treated for sepsis and respiratory failure and had to be on a ventilator for 3 weeks. The nurse is completing an initial assessment and evaluating the client's skin condition. On her sacrum there is full-thickness skin loss that is 5 cm in diameter with damage to the subcutaneous tissue. The underlying muscle is not affected. What is the stage of this pressure ulcer? a) 1 b) 3 c) 2 d) 4
macule
A ______ is a flat, non-palpable skin color change that may manifest as brown, white, tan, red, or purple. Freckles and port wine birthmarks are examples of this.
cuticle
A ______ is a fold of epidermal skin along the base of the nail that protects the root and sides of each nail.
nodule
A ______ is a solid, palpable mass.
papule
A ______ is an elevated, palpable, solid mass that is smaller in diameter than a nodule.
vesicle
A circumscribed elevated mass containing fluid is called a _______ or bulla, depending on it size.
a
A client asks a nurse to look at a raised lesion on the skin that has been present for about 5 years. Which is an "ABCD" characteristic of malignant melanoma? a) Asymmetrical shape b) Borders well demarcated c) Diameter less than 6mm d) Color is uniform
3
A client is asking a nurse about skin cancer. The nurse explains to the client that the least common but most serious type of skin cancer is: 1. basal cell carcinoma. 2. squamous cell carcinoma. 3. malignant melanoma. 4. kaposi's sarcoma.
2
A client presents to a busy urban emergency department complaining of pain that radiates from the base of the cervical spine to the right frontal region of the head. The client described the pain as a dull, steady ache that began in the morning and has gradually increased in intensity throughout the day. The nurse identifies these symptoms most likely indicate: 1. cluster headache. 2. tension headache. 3. spinal headache. 4. classic migraine.
a
A client presents to the clinic and reports numerous skin tags in the left axillary area. The client is worried about skin cancer. What can the nurse tell the client about skin tags to alleviate fear of cancer? a) Skin tags are common benign skin lesions b) Skin tags can turn into skin cancer if they are not removed c) Skin tags need to be removed as soon as possible or they will keep growing d) Skin tags are an early precursor to more serious skin cancer conditions
d
A client presents to the health care clinic with reports of new onset of generalized hair loss for the past two months. The client denies the use of any new shampoos, or other hair care products; no new medications. The nurse should ask the client questions related to the onset of which disease process? a) Diabetes mellitus b) Crohn's disease c) Liver disease d) Hypothyroidism
a
A client tells the nurse about a raised lesion on the client's leg. What is the nurse's first nursing action? a) Inspect the area b) Document the statement c) Ask further questions d) Move on to next body system
fetal alcohol syndrome
A disorder that may be seen in infants whose mothers ingest significant amounts of alcohol during pregnancy is called ______ ______ ______.
c
A nurse assesses a client for past history of nail problems. The nurse should ask questions about which of these conditions? a) Alopecia, dermatitis, chemotherapy b) Vitiligo, hirsutism, vitamin deficiency c) Psoriasis, fungal infections, trauma d) Eczema, melanoma, herpes zoster
c
A nurse cares for a client of Asian decent and notices that the client sweats very little and produces no body odor. What is an appropriate action by the nurse in regards to this finding? a) Ask the client about overuse of antiperspirant products b) Monitor the client for additional findings of cystic fibrosis c) Document the findings in the client's record as normal d) Assess the client for changes in sensation due to vascular problems
d
A nurse cares for a client with a stage II pressure ulcer on the right hip. The nurse anticipates finding what type of appearance to the skin over this area? a) Exposure of subcutaneous tissue and muscle b) Ulceration resembling a crater c) Unbroken but red in color d) Broken with the presence of a blister
a
A nurse inspects a client's skin and notices several flat, brown color change areas on the forearms. What is the proper term for documentation of this finding by the nurse? a) Macule b) Papule c) Vesicle d) Nodule
2
A nurse is assessing the nails of a newly admitted client to a long term care facility. She notes redness, swelling, and tenderness to the cuticle of the third and fourth left digits. This is also known as: 1. hirsutism. 2. paronychia. 3. oncholysis. 4. folliculitis.
c
A nurse is instructing a client on how to assess himself for herpes simplex lesions by their configuration. Which configuration should the nurse tell the client to look for? a) Linear b) Annular c) Clustered d) Discrete
c
A nurse is interviewing a client regarding his personal health history to obtain subjective information to assist in her assessment of his skin. She asks him, "Have you had any recent hospitalizations or surgeries?" Which of the following is the best rationale for asking this question? a) To determine the client's risk for skin cancer b) To determine the presence of skin allergies c) To determine the client's risk for acquiring a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection d) To determine the cause of scars
b
A nurse is working with a 13-year-old boy who complains that he has begun to sweat a lot more than he used to. He asks the nurse where sweat comes from. The nurse knows that sweat glands are located in which layer of skin? a) Stratum corneum b) Dermis c) Stratum lucidum d) Epidermis
c
A nurse observes the presence of hirsutism on a female client. The nurse should perform further assessment on this client for findings associated with which disease process? a) Basal cell carcinoma b) Iron deficiency anemia c) Cushing's disease d) Lupus erythematosus
d
A nurse receives report from the shift nurse that a client has new onset of peripheral cyanosis. Where should the nurse focus the assessment of the skin to detect the presence of this condition? a) Around the mouth and lips b) Chest and abdomen c) Nose and earlobes d) Fingers and toes
4
A nurse working in the ER department is assessing a rectal temperature on an Asian newborn. The nurse notices a purple-bluish discoloration to the sacral area. The nurse's next step should be: 1. notify the Division of Youth and Family Services for suspected abuse. 2. bring the child to the attention of the healthcare provider immediately because of suspected trauma. 3. continue with her assessment and disregard the finding. 4. seek clarification with the parents that the discoloration is a Mongolian spot.
a
A patient recovering from a burn injury is told by the health care provider that hair will no longer grow on the body part that was burned. The nurse realizes that this patient's burn extended into which skin layer? a) Dermis b) Subcutaneous tissue c) Epidermis d) Distal phalanx
2
A stage ______ pressure ulcer results in a superficial skin loss of the epidermis alone or the dermis also.
3
A stage ______ ulcer is a full-thickness skin loss with damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to, but not through, the underlying muscle.
normal
Abnormal or Normal: A fine sheen of perspiration.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Bluish tint to nail beds.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Brittle hair.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Decreased skin turgor.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Ecchymosis.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Gray, scaly patches on scalp.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Jaundice.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Pruritis.
normal
Abnormal or Normal: Senile lentigines.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Spoon nails.
normal
Abnormal or Normal: Thick hair.
abnormal
Abnormal or Normal: Tinea capitis.
normal
Abnormal or Normal: Warm and dry skin.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: A goiter.
normal
Abnormal/Normal: A non-palpable thyroid.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: A smooth trachea.
normal
Abnormal/Normal: Facial movements are smooth.
normal
Abnormal/Normal: Hyperextension of the neck.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: Jugular vein distention.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: Lymphedenopathy.
normal
Abnormal/Normal: Movements of the trachea when the client swallows.
normal
Abnormal/Normal: Nasolabial folds are equal.
normal
Abnormal/Normal: Non-palpable occipital node.
normal
Abnormal/Normal: Normocephalic.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: Nuchal rigidity.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: Scaliness of the scalp.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: TMJ crepitation.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: Tenderness to the scalp.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: Tenderness to the temporal artery.
abnormal
Abnormal/Normal: Thyroid bruit.
b
An adult client is having his skin assessed. The client tells the nurse he has been a heavy smoker for the last 40 years. The client has clubbing of the fingernails. What does this finding tell the nurse? a) The client has asthma b) The client has chronic hypoxia c) The client has COPD d) The client has melanoma
central
Bluish tints to the chest and abdomen cyanosis is called ______ cyanosis.
circumoral
Changes in color around the mouth are called ______ cyanosis.
hypoxia
Clubbing of the nails indicates chronic _______. Clubbing is identified when the angle of the nail to the finger is more than 160 degrees.
c
During the integument health history, the nurse asks the patient about prescription medications, immunizations, and diagnosed illnesses. What will this information provide to the nurse? a) Patient's risk for pressure ulcer formation b) Patient's risk for skin cancer c) Systemic diseases that have skin manifestations d) History of physical abuse
vesicle
Elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter. Ex: varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster, impetigo, acute eczema.
papule
Elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter. Ex: wart (verruca), elevated moles, lichen planus, cherry angioma, skin tag.
subcutaneous gland
Is the following a function of the skin or subcutaneous gland? Creates perspiration.
cutaneous gland
Is the following a function of the skin or subcutaneous gland? Lubricates.
skin
Is the following a function of the skin or subcutaneous gland? Perceives pain.
skin
Is the following a function of the skin or subcutaneous gland? Perceives touch.
subcutaneous gland
Is the following a function of the skin or subcutaneous gland? Protects against bacterial growth.
skin
Is the following a function of the skin or subcutaneous gland? Protects against environmental toxins.
skin
Is the following a function of the skin or subcutaneous gland? Synthesizes Vitamin D.
pruritis
Itching.
head, neck
Psychological stress may lead to physical pain, most commonly in the ______ or ______.
b, c, e, f
Select all answer choices that apply. A nurse is teaching a group of 5th grade children about characteristics of the skin. Which of the following should she mention? Select all that apply. a) Circulates blood throughout the body b) Helps make vitamin D in the body c) Largest organ of the body d) Involved in digestion of food e) Protects against damage to the body from sunlight f) Aids in maintaining body temperature
b, d, e
Select all answer choices that apply. A patient has sustained burns over 50% of the body. When planning care for this patient, the nurse will include interventions to address an alteration in the skin's barrier function, specifically: (Select all that apply.) a) Synthesis of vitamin D b) Loss of water and electrolytes c) Regulation of body temperature d) Injury caused by mechanical or chemical sources e) Penetration by microorganisms
B, C, D
Select all answer choices that apply. When using the ABCDE criteria for assessment of a mole, the nurse understands that which criteria could indicate a melanoma? (Select all that apply.) a) pink color b) diameter great than 6 cm c) asymmetry d) notched border
1, 3, 4
Select all that apply: Skin turgor assesses the elasticity and mobility of the skin. The nurse knows that which of the following is true about skin turgor? 1. decreased in dehydrated clients. 2. decreased in clients with sclerodema. 3. decreased in clients who have lost large amounts of weight. 4. increased in clients with connective tissue disorders that harden the skin. 5. increased turgor results in tenting of skin.
1, 2, 3
Select all that apply: The nurse knows that which of the following are considered vascular lesions? 1. port wine stain. 2. hematoma. 3. petechia. 4. keloid. 5. pustule.
1
Spoon nails are commonly associated with: 1. iron deficiency. 2. vitamin B1 deficiency. 3. vitamin D deficiency. 4. deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins.
true
T/F: Lymph nodes are palpated by exerting gentle pressure in a circular motion.
false (grasp the skin inferior to the clavicle)
T/F: Skin turgor can be assessed on the adult by using the forefinger and thumb to grasp the skin superior to the clavicle or on the lateral aspect of the wrist.
false (it assesses shape and contour, not clubbing)
T/F: The Schamroth technique can be performed to assess clubbing.
false (use palpation instead of inspection)
T/F: The assessment technique used to grade edema on a 4-point scale is inspection.
true
T/F: The best order to examine the lymph nodes of the head and neck is from the preauricular and working your way down to the supraclavicular region.
true
T/F: The trachea should be palpated using the thumb and index finger.
true
T/F: When assessing a client's scalp and hair, it is best to divide the hair at 1-inch intervals.
true
T/F: When assessing for hair texture, it is appropriate to roll a few strands of hair between your thumb and forefinger.
False (supine should be upright, can keep exam gown on)
T/F: When examining a client's head and neck, it is best to have the client fully disrobed and in a supine position on an examination table.
false (fully disrobed except for exam gown, instead of supine he should be sitting)
T/F: When examining a client's skin, it is best to have the client fully disrobed and in a supine position on an examination table.
true
T/F: When palpating for skin texture, it is best to use the palmar surface of fingers and finger pads.
false (trachea and sternocleidomastoid should be eye and top of ear)
T/F: While assessing a patient, palpate the temporal artery between the trachea and sternocleidomastoid using the finger pads.
dermis
The ______ is a well-vascularized, connective tissue layer containing collagen and elastic fibers, nerve endings, and lymph vessels. It is also the origin of sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.
dermis
The ______ is made up of highly vascular connective tissue. The blood vessels dilate and constrict in response to external heat and cold and internal stimuli such as anxiety or hemorrhage, resulting in the regulation of body temperature and blood pressure. Thickness varies from 1-4 mm in different parts of the body.
subcutaneous
The ______ layer provides insulation, storage of caloric reserves, and cushioning against external forces. Composed mainly of fat and loose connective tissue, it also contributes to the skin's mobility.
epidermis
The ______, the outer layer of skin, is composed of four distinct layers: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum. The outermost layer consists of dead, keratinized cells that render the skin waterproof.
four
The ability of an infant to control his or her head occurs at about _____ months.
c
The nurse is beginning the examination of the skin of a 25-year-old teacher. She previously visited the office for evaluation of fatigue, weight gain, and hair loss. The previous clinician had a strong suspicion that the client has hypothyroidism. What is the expected moisture and texture of the skin of a client with hypothyroidism? a) Moist and smooth b) Dry and smooth c) Dry and rough d) Moist and rough
4
The nurse is examining a client's neck. Which of the following movements of the neck will the nurse assess when testing range of motion (ROM)? 1. lateral flexion. 2. rotation. 3. hyperextension. 4. abduction. 5. forward flexion.
c
The nurse is examining an unconscious client from another country and notices Beau's lines, a transverse groove across all of her nails, approximately 1 cm from the proximal nail fold. What would the nurse do next? a) Conclude this is caused by a cultural practice. b) Conclude this finding is most likely secondary to trauma. c) Look for information from family and records regarding any problems that may have occurred at least 3 months ago. d) Ask about dietary intake.
a
The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination of a client who is an Orthodox Jew. Which of the following accommodations should the nurse be prepared to make for this client, based on his religious beliefs? a) Have a nurse who is the same sex as the client examine him b) Let the client remained fully dressed for the examination c) Allow the client to pray before the examination d) Avoid asking any questions regarding the client's lifestyle
1
The nurse knows that enlarged palpable lymph nodes may be indicative of: 1. malignancy or infection. 2. infection or thrombosis. 3. vascular occlusion or malignancy. 4. thrombosis or vascular occlusion.
3
The nurse knows that mobility in the cervical spine is greatest at the level of: 1. C1, C2, & C3. 2. C3, C4, & C5. 3. C4, C5, & C6. 4. C5, C6, & C7.
1
The nurse understands that the anterior fontanelle is formed by the: 1. coronal suture, the frontal suture, and the sagittal suture. 2.sagittal suture, the lamboidal suture, and the coronal suture. 3. coronal suture, the frontal suture, and the lamboidal suture. 4. sagittal suture, the frontal suture, and the lamboidal suture.
decrease
The older adult has a(n) ______ in sweat gland activity.
chin
The older female adult may develop coarse hair on the ______.
triangular
The posterior fontanel is a ______ shape.
rigidity
The range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine may be limited because of ______ of the vertebrae.
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
The skin has three layers: the ______ is the outermost layer and is comprised of dead keratinized cells and an inner layer that forms melanin and keratin. The ______ contains connective tissue and hair follicles. If the hair follicles are damaged by a burn, hair will not regrow. The ______ tissue layer of the skin continues fatty tissue.
enlarge
The thyroid may ______ in size during pregnancy.
b
Upon assessing the skin, the nurse finds pustular lesions on on the face. The nurse identifies that these could be what? a) Psoriasis b) Acne c) Herpes simplex d) Varicella
2
When assessing a client's nails, the nurse notices horizontal white bands in multiple fingers. This could indicate: 1. arteriosclerosis. 2. hepatic or renal disease. 3. hypoxia. 4. vitamin deficiencies.
b
When assessing a client's terminal hair distribution, the nurse inspects all the following areas except: a) Limbs b) Palmar surfaces c) Vertex d) Eyebrows
c
Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sebaceous glands, lymphatic vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands? a) Subcutaneous layer b) Connective layer c) Dermis d) Epidermis
a
Which of the following assessment findings most likely constitutes a secondary skin lesion? a) Keloid formation at the site of an old incision b) Psoriasis c) Facial lesions associated with herpes simplex d) Facial acne
4
Which of the following lesions would the nurse consider abnormal when assessing the skin of an older adult client? 1. cherry angiomas 2. cutaneous tags 3. senile lentignes 4. chloasma
4
Which of the following questions would be inappropriate for the nurse to ask when conducting a focused interview with a client who has suffered an acute head injury? 1. "Did anyone witness your injury?" 2. "Have you experienced nausea or vomiting since your injury?" 3. "Where on your head are you experiencing pain?" 4. "How often do you wash your hair?"
d
Why is it important for the nurse to ask the client what they think caused a skin condition? a) Doing so encourages the client to use home remedies to reduce medical cost b) Doing so allows the client to decide what treatment is the best course of action c) The nurse can alleviate the client's fears about what caused the skin condition d) The client's perception affects the approach and effectiveness in treating the skin condition
pediculosis capitis
_____ _____ are small parasitic insects that live on the scalp and neck.
vernix caseosa
_____ _____ is a cheesy-white substance that coats the skin surfaces at birth.
linea nigra
_____ _____ is a dark line running from the umbilicus to the pubic area of pregnant women.
vellus hair
_____ _____ is pale, fine, short hair that appears over the entire body except for the lips, nipples, palms of hands, soles of feet, and parts of external genitalia.
beau's lines
_____ _____ manifest as a groove or transverse depression running across the nail. They result from a stressor such as trauma that temporarily impairs nail formation. The nail by the cuticle moves forward as the nail grows out.
leukonychia
_____ are transverse white bands that result from repeated minor trauma or manipulation to the nail matrix (cuticle).
mongolian spots
______ ______ are gray, blue, or purple spots in the sacral and buttocks area of newborns that fade during the first year of life.
nails
______ are thin plates of keratinized epidermal cells that shield the distal ends of the fingers and toes.
peripheral
______ cyanosis is usually a local problem with manifestations of cyanosis, a blue-tinged color to the skin, caused by problems resulting in vasoconstriction.
terminal
______ hair is dark, coarse, long hair that appears on eyebrows, the scalp, and pubic region.
lanugo
______ is a fine, downy hair in newborns that is most prominent on the upper chest, shoulders, and back.
ecchymosis
______ is bruising resulting from the escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel into the tissue.
pustular
______ lesions include acne, furuncles, and carbuncles.
hirsutism
______, or facial hair on females, is a characteristic of Cushing's disease and results from an imbalance of adrenal hormones.