349 Midterm Prep U

The nurse determines that Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning is demonstrated with which client behavior? The client states "I think my doctor is out in the hallway talking with my family members." The client states "My stomach is growling" with the sound of the food cart in the hallway. The client states "I can't stop crying every time I think about the death of my mother." The client states "I need my pain medication" when the physical therapist comes for therapy.

The client states "My stomach is growling" with the sound of the food cart in the hallway.

The nurse asks the client to restate the following in his own words, "A stitch in time saves nine." which sensorium and intellectual process is the nurse attempting to identify? The client's ability to use abstract thinking The client's memory The client's ability to concentrate The client's orientation

The client's ability to use abstract thinking

A client diagnosed with bipolar disorder asks the nurse, "Why did I get this illness? I don't want to be sick." What response should the nurse provide to best answer the client's question? "Sometimes people with mental illness have an overactive immune system." "There is some evidence that contracting a virus during childhood can lead to mental disorders." "We don't fully understand the cause, but mental illnesses do seem to run in families." "People who develop mental illnesses often had very traumatic childhood experiences."

"We don't fully understand the cause, but mental illnesses do seem to run in families."

A client with a history of trauma has told the nurse that he is pursuing psychoanalysis with an independent therapist. What statement by the client would be most consistent with a Freudian approach to psychoanalysis? "We're spending quite a bit of time exploring the themes in my dreams." "We talk a lot about how I've learned to model my behavior after other people in my life." "We discuss the tension between my expectations for myself and the expectations of society." "I've learned a lot about how I've been conditioned to respond to situations in a certain way."

"We're spending quite a bit of time exploring the themes in my dreams."

A nurse has invited a client to sit down and have a conversation. The client takes the first seat. The nurse pulls up another chair to sit with the client. Approximately how far from the client should the nurse place her chair? 1 to 2 feet 8 to 10 inches 6 to 8 feet 3 to 6 feet

3 to 6 feet

What is provided in the Code of Ethics for Nurses of the American Nurses Association (ANA)? A guideline for nurses regarding ethical conduct Pathways to follow for each of the ethical principles A description of case studies featuring ethical dilemmas Information about what to do when confronted with an ethical dilemma SUBMIT ANSWER

A guideline for nurses regarding ethical conduct

A client with depression who is undergoing a colonoscopy tomorrow is receiving preoperative education regarding the procedure. Which nursing task best describes the explanation of the procedure and the associated risks and benefits? Encouraging the client to be self-determined Ascertaining the client's privacy Acting in a beneficent manner Acquiring informed consent

Acquiring informed consent

When completing a physical assessment of an individual's response to stress, the nurse should observe and inquire about what? Mood Appetite and sleep Concentration Judgement and insight

Appetite and sleep

The nurse notes that an older adult client is wearing layers of clothing on a warm, fall day. Which would be the priority assessment at this time? Reviewing the client's culture for possible influence Observing the client's overall hygiene Assessing the client's developmental level Asking whether the client often feels cold

Asking whether the client often feels cold

The nurse is performing an admission interview with a new client. How can the nurse best apply the Leininger's theory? Having the client describe the client's most important roles in daily life Assessing the characteristics of the client's culture Having the client identify formal and informal support systems Assessing the client's cognition and intellectual development

Assessing the characteristics of the client's culture

A nurse is implementing interventions that address a client's psychological domain. Which intervention would be most appropriate? Teaching the client about sleep hygiene Assisting with behavior therapy Encouraging support from the family Linking the client with community resources

Assisting with behavior therapy

The depressed client is deciding which type of treatment would be beneficial. The nurse would document that the client is utilizing which ethical principle in this situation? Autonomy Beneficence Veracity Justice

Autonomy

A client is being seen in the mental health clinic because of relapse. The client has been nonadherent with the medication regimen. The nurse reinforces the advantages of taking medications. The nurse is using which ethical principle? Autonomy Beneficence Veracity Justice

Beneficence

A client is being seen in the mental health clinic because of relapse. The client has been nonadherent with the medication regimen. The nurse reinforces the advantages of taking medications. The nurse is using which ethical principle? Beneficence Autonomy Veracity Justice

Beneficence

A client diagnosed with a stroke is exhibiting expressive aphasia. Which area in the frontal lobe is responsible for the motor function of speech? Basal ganglia Broca's area Limbic system Wernicke's area

Broca's area

A client is having difficulty standing without assistance and is exhibiting swaying. The client has a history of falls. Which area of the brain is most likely affected? Cerebellum Hippocampus Thalamus Hypothalamus

Cerebellum

What part of the brain would be responsible for activities such as walking and dancing? Cerebrum Cerebellum Midbrain Brain stem

Cerebellum

A client is experiencing acute stress leading to the stimulation of increased gastric acid. In this situation, which body system uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter? Dopaminergic Cholinergic Noradrenergic GABA-ergic

Cholinergic

The nurse has scheduled a teaching session with a client. The nurse assesses the client's readiness to learn applying the concepts of Peplau's theory. Which assessment would be most important? Client's nonverbal communication Client's current communication skills Client's current level of self-care Client's level of anxiety

Client's level of anxiety

A professional boxer has suffered several concussions while boxing. Since retirement, the client has experienced periods of depression and suffers from short-term memory loss. Which provides the best explanation for the neurological basis of the client's symptoms? Damage to the medulla Damage to the nucleus accumbeus Damage to the hippocampus Damage to the thalamus

Damage to the hippocampus

A psychiatric-mental health advanced practice registered nurse is applying some of the principles of Jungian psychology to the care of a client with social anxiety disorder. What action by the nurse would best exemplify Jung's model? Exploring the client's identity in order to determine whether the client is experiencing role confusion Dialoguing with the client about the client's introverted personality and the implications of this type Having the client describe early interactions with the client's father and mother that caused shame Discussing the client's sexual identity and its role in social interactions and anxiety

Dialoguing with the client about the client's introverted personality and the implications of this type

A client has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. His symptoms of spasticity are related to a decrease in which neurotransmitter? Adrenocorticotropic hormone Serotonin Dopamine Acetylcholine

Dopamine

The self-care deficit theory was initiated by which nursing theorist? Dorothea Orem Betty Neuman Jean Watson Hildegard Peplau

Dorothea Orem

A nurse has been asked to complete a mental status examination of a psychiatric-mental health client. Which is a necessary component of this assessment? Evaluation of medication compliance Questions regarding past behaviors A review of systems Evaluation of insight and judgment

Evaluation of insight and judgment

The psychiatric mental health nurse is preparing to perform an assessment on a new client. Which action should be performed first by the nurse? Establish rapport with the client. Examine own biases and values. Obtain legal consent from client. Explain the purpose of the assessment.

Examine own biases and values.

A client is showing no facial expression when engaging in a game with peers during an outing at a park. The nurse uses which term when documenting the client's affect? Absent affect Broad affect Restricted affect Flat affect

Flat affect

Which stage of cognitive development occurs when the child learns to think and reason in abstract terms? Sensorimotor Concrete operations Formal operations Preoperational

Formal operations

Abnormalities in which lobe is believed to be associated with schizophrenia? Occipital Temporal Frontal Parietal

Frontal

A decrease in which neurotransmitter has been implicated in seizure disorders? dopamine GABA epinephrine serotonin

GABA

The nurse is teaching the client with anxiety about the mechanisms of benzodiazepines. Which is increased with this medication? Dopamine GABA Epinephrine Norepinephrine

GABA

Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter? GABA Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine

GABA

While discussing the CNS, the nursing instructor tells the students that the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS is what? GABA Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin

GABA

Being creative, productive, and establishing the next generation occurs in which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development? Intimacy versus isolation Ego integrity versus despair Generativity versus stagnation Identity versus role confusion

Generativity versus stagnation

A client is being admitted to an inpatient unit for treatment of anorexia nervosa. Of the following assessment data, which should the nurse place as priority in the plan of care? Body mass index (BMI) of 17.0 Heart rate < 40 bpm Feelings of inadequacy Distorted body image

Heart rate < 40 bpm

The nurse fails to assess personal values surrounding homosexuality before caring for a client who is openly gay. The nurse is most at risk for what when working with this client? Expressing shock when assessing the client's history Being manipulated by this client Holding a prejudice toward this client Neglecting to include the client's desires in the plan of care

Holding a prejudice toward this client

A client is returning from military service and has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dysfunction in which brain structure contributes to the rage and fear experienced in PTSD? Hypothalamus Basal ganglia Corpus callosum Pons

Hypothalamus

A client is returning from military service and has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dysfunction in which brain structure contributes to the rage and fear experienced in PTSD? Pons Corpus callosum Basal ganglia Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

A psychologist chose the profession because the psychologist was inspired by an aunt who was a successful psychologist. Which of Freud's ego defense mechanisms is this indicative of? Compensation Denial Identification Displacement

Identification

A psychologist chose the profession because the psychologist was inspired by an aunt who was a successful psychologist. Which of Freud's ego defense mechanisms is this indicative of? Displacement Compensation Identification Denial

Identification

The nurse is meeting with a group of clients in a therapy session to set goals and plan how to achieve these goals. Which theorist's concepts is the nurse utilizing? Ida Jean Orlando Hildegard Peplau Imogene King B. F. Skinner

Imogene King

A nurse develops a plan of care for a client with an eating disorder. The plan includes developing a contract with the client to modify behavior. What is the next step? Implement nursing actions that have been identified Assess the client's current weight Evaluate the effectiveness of the contract Diagnose the client with Ineffective Coping as evidenced by need to binge and purge to manage stress

Implement nursing actions that have been identified

A mental health nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia. The nurse observes the client laughing about the recent death of the client's father. The nurse would correctly document this mood as what? Incongruent Flat Labile Blunted

Incongruent

Interpersonal theorists, such as Harry Stack Sullivan, emphasize which tenet? The importance of conditioning responses in working with people Alleviating symptoms by utilizing biological tools, such as medicines Interpersonal socialization of humans throughout their developmental stages The existence of the id, ego, and superego

Interpersonal socialization of humans throughout their developmental stages

Interpersonal theorists, such as Harry Stack Sullivan, emphasize which tenet? The importance of conditioning responses in working with people Interpersonal socialization of humans throughout their developmental stages The existence of the id, ego, and superego Alleviating symptoms by utilizing biological tools, such as medicines

Interpersonal socialization of humans throughout their developmental stages

Neuroplasticity influences psychiatric-mental health outcomes because it is or does what? Determines a client's response to psychotropic medications Is the process by which the information in RNA produces strings of amino acids Is the ability of nervous tissue to change structure and functioning in response to new experiences Initiates the neuroendocrine-mediated physiologic events that prepare the body for fight or flight

Is the ability of nervous tissue to change structure and functioning in response to new experiences

In the Freudian model, which is true regarding the id? It is associated with ethics and standards of behavior. It is the sum of certain mental mechanisms such as perception. It is able to control movement and contact with reality. It is formed by unconscious desires and primitive instincts.

It is formed by unconscious desires and primitive instincts.

Which ethical principle is in jeopardy when segments of the mentally ill population do not have access to care? Fidelity Autonomy Justice Paternalism

Justice

A psychiatric-mental health nurse is reading an article about various theorists who rejected some of Freud's basic ideas. The article describes a theorist who challenged many of Freud's concepts, including the belief that women felt disadvantaged because of their genital organs. The nurse is most likely reading about which theorist? Carl Jung Alfred Adler Karen Horney Otto Rank

Karen Horney

In the space of five minutes, the client has been laughing and euphoric, then angry, and then crying for no reason that is apparent to the nurse. This behavior would be best described as ... Tangential thinking Labile mood Flight of ideas Lack of insight

Labile mood

The nurse is providing care for a client of Chinese descent who has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of depression. Which of the following nursing theorists prioritizes the role of culture in assessment and care? Leininger Roy Parse Orem

Leininger

The structure of the brain associated with emotional control, memory, and learning is what? Brainstem Limbic system Cerebellum Basal ganglia

Limbic system

While the nurse and client are in a therapy session, the nurse says to the client, "You become very anxious when we start talking about your drinking." Which technique is the nurse using? Making an observation Translating into feelings Confronting behavior Verbalizing the implied

Making an observation

The brain stem consists of which structure? Hypothalamus Thalamus Cerebellum Midbrain

Midbrain

Imbalances in neurotransmitters contribute to the development of mental disorders. Norepinephrine imbalance is implicated in which of the following disorders? Mood disorders Dementia Generalized anxiety disorder Schizophrenia

Mood disorders

Sensory deprivation in infancy and childhood can adversely affect brain development. Which characteristic of the brain is involved in this process? Synaptic plasticity Reactive plasticity Neuroplasticity Adaptive plasticity

Neuroplasticity

When assessing if a procedural risk to a client is justified, the ethical principle underlying the dilemma is known as what? Nonmaleficence Pro-choice Self-determination Informed consent

Nonmaleficence

A client is brought to the emergency room following a motor vehicle accident in which he sustained head trauma. The client is complaining of blindness in the left eye. The nurse would be correct in documenting this abnormal finding as corresponding to which of the following cerebral lobes? Parietal Frontal Temporal Occipital

Occipital

Which lobe of the brain assists in spatial perception? Occipital Temporal Frontal Parietal

Parietal

Mandatory use of seat belts is an example of which ethical principle? Fidelity Justice Veracity Paternalism

Paternalism

What is the most basic need, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Love and belonging Self-actualization Physiological Safety and security

Physiological

A neuroimaging technique used to examine brain functioning, including glucose metabolism, blood flow, and neurotransmitter-receptor activity, is known as what? Ultrasonography Positron emission tomography (PET) scan Electroencephalogram (EEG) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

The psychiatrist states that repressed memories in the client's unconscious are causing depression. This reasoning implies that the psychiatrist uses which theory? Behavioral theory Cognitive-behavioral theory Psychoanalytic theory The humanistic perspective

Psychoanalytic theory

Which zone is an acceptable distance between a speaker and an audience? Intimate Social Public Personal

Public

A nurse has been working with a client who has a personality disorder and the nurse has recognized the potential for countertransference. How can the nurse best prevent this phenomenon? Dialoguing with the client about the client's tendency to direct feelings about the client's father on to the nurse Reflecting on the nurse's own thinking to identify times where the nurse may project individual feelings on to the client Teaching the client basic techniques for enhancing coping skills and managing stress Challenging the client when the nurse feels that the client is mimicking the nurse's ideas or demeanor

Reflecting on the nurse's own thinking to identify times where the nurse may project individual feelings on to the client

A client has been taking antidepressants for 2 years. The client tells the nurse that the medication no longer seems to be working. The nurse suspects that which situation is occurring? Refractoriness Supersensitivity Affinity Neurocircuitry

Refractoriness

After attending an anatomy and physiology review class on the nervous system, a group of nurses demonstrate understanding of the information whe the group identifies which function as associated with the thalamus? Helps maintain red blood cell production Relays sensory information to the central nervous system Continually adjusts body temperature and heart rate Is responsible for voluntary movement

Relays sensory information to the central nervous system

A nursing student identifies which as the most important tool of psychiatric nursing? Plan of care Self Reflection Clinical reasoning

Self

Which would not be considered a goal of therapeutic communication? Guiding the client in problem solving Active listening Establishing rapport Self-exploration of feelings by the nurse

Self-exploration of feelings by the nurse

A client suffers from low mood and disturbed sleep. This client is most likely experiencing a change in which neurotransmitter? Parathyroid Calcitonin Serotonin Melatonin

Serotonin

A psychiatric-mental health nurse is attending a continuing education program on neurotransmitters and psychiatric disorders. The nurse demonstrates understanding of the information by identifying which neurotransmitter as being heavily concentrated in the terminal sites of sympathetic nerves? Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Serotonin Dopamine

Serotonin

According to psychoanalytic theory, matters of right and wrong are controlled by the conscious. What term does Freud use to identify the conscious? Superego Ego Id Latency

Superego

A college student wakes up and notices a racing heart and dilated pupils. The student is scheduled to write an exam later that morning. Which system is responsible for this physiological response? The release of dopamine Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Cardiovascular irregularity

Sympathetic nervous system

The nurse asks a client about the death of a close relative. What observation by the nurse would indicate the client has a restrictive affect? The client indicates sadness with no change in facial expression. The client has a sad expression and tears up. The client begins yelling and has an angry expression. The client has a flat facial expression and does not express sadness.

The client indicates sadness with no change in facial expression.

The nursing theorist Peplau identified which as the essence of psychiatric-mental health nursing? A neurobiologic approach The nurse-client relationship Nursing care independent of physicians The nurse's use of self

The nurse-client relationship

An adolescent female client is working with a nurse about the same age as her mother. The adolescent reacts to the nurse like she is a parent. This is an example of Countertransference Transference Resistance Projection

Transference

Which concept, according to Carl Rogers, occurs when the therapist uses nonjudgmental caring for the client that is not dependent on the client's behaviors? Empathetic understanding Unconditional positive regard Self-actualization Genuineness

Unconditional positive regard

A nurse documents that "the client describes the recent breakup of a dating relationship with an emotionless tone and a flat facial expression." In which section of the mental status exam would the nurse have documented this statement? blocking affect mood feelings

affect

Neurotransmitters are small molecules that exert their actions through specific proteins, called receptors, embedded in the postsynaptic membrane. Where are neurotransmitters synthesized? postsynaptic junction dendrite terminal axon terminal presynaptic junction

axon terminal

Two nursing students are giving a presentation on the limbic system. Which can they accurately include as actions of this brain structure? engorgement suppression intellect behavior

behavior

The nurse is teaching a client about the importance of adhering to a medication regimen. The client does not believe that it is important. The nurse is communicating which ethical principle? justice beneficence veracity paternalism

beneficence

Ivan P. Pavlov is associated with the term ... principle of recency. behaviorism. field theory. classical conditioning.

classical conditioning.

Aaron T. Beck is associated with ... developmental stages. family development theory. cognitive therapy. social learning theory.

cognitive therapy.

A nurse is reviewing the process of neuronal transmission. The nurse demonstrates understanding of this concept by identifying which part of the neuron as carring information into the neuron from other neurons? soma nucleus dendrite axon

dendrite

In which way do neurons communicate through the use of synapses? electrochemically indirectly inhibitorily excitatorily

electrochemically

Which neuropeptide suppresses pain and modulates mood and stress? melatonin cholecystokinin substance P endorphins

endorphins

A nurse is reading a journal article that reviews the various theories of human behavior and mental illness. One of the theories described states that all human beings have the potential for goodness and that therapy helps clients explore their own ability to develop self-worth. The nurse is reading about which theory? interpersonal theory humanistic theory psychoanalytic theory sociocultural theory

humanistic theory

A client taking an antipsychotic is exhibiting manifestations of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Which area of the brain is involved with the increased temperature noted with NMS? hypothalamus amygdala thalamus hippocampus

hypothalamus

A psychiatric-mental health nurse is assessing a young adult who has come to the clinic for an evaluation. The client says, "I'm not sure that I see myself like the way others see me. I really don't know who I am." Based on Erikson's theory, the nurse interpets this statement as reflecting a issue related to which developmental task? identity vs. role diffusion intimacy vs. isolation initiative vs. guilt industry vs. inferiority

identity vs. role diffusion

The function of the thalamus and the hypothalamus is to coordinate: internal and external responses. speech and communication. movement. sensation.

internal and external responses.

A nursing student is preparing to take an exam and is experiencing anxiety as a heightened sense of awareness. Which level of anxiety would this correspond with? mild moderate panic severe

mild

What is a nursing intervention used in the social domain? self-care education counseling milieu therapy nutrition promotion

milieu therapy

The nurse is assessing a pediatric client who states "I want to be just like my Dad." The nurse determines this is an example of which concept? self-efficacy modeling countertransference transference

modeling

Mandatory use of helmets when driving a motorcycle is an example of which ethical principle? paternalism justice veracity fidelity

paternalism

A psychiatric-mental health nurse is integrating Orem's model when developing plans of care for clients with mental illness based on the understanding that this model emphasizes which aspect? client system interacting with the environment understanding of the client's human experience promotion of independence and self-care sensitivity to self and others

promotion of independence and self-care

Which is an activity of an advanced practice registered nurse and beyond the scope of practice of a registered nurse? case management milieu therapy psychotherapy complementary interventions

psychotherapy

The nurse is demonstrating countertransference with a client with which behavior? maintaining a professional demeanor with the client explaining to the client that it is normal for the client to feel attachment discussing the client's behavior with a family member relating to the client because the client resembles a favorite cousin

relating to the client because the client resembles a favorite cousin

The nurse is with a young client who has just been informed of the client's terminal illness. The client's heart rate increases, the client's eyes dilate, and the client's blood pressure increases. The nurse recognizes this response as: part of the limbic system response. sympathetic nervous response. hypothalamic-pituitary response. local adaptation syndrome.

sympathetic nervous response.

A client has developed deficits involving the senses of smell and hearing. The nurse would correlate this sensory dysfunction with which cerebral lobe? frontal occipital parietal temporal

temporal

The nurse is caring for a group of clients and recognizes which client is acting from the id portion of personality according to Sigmund Freud? the client who is concerned over friendships the client who is critical of own performance the client who is sexually promiscuous the client who is remorseful over theft of money

the client who is sexually promiscuous

A teenage client defies the nurse's repeated requests to turn off the video game and go to sleep. The client says angrily, "You sound just like my mother at home!" and continues to play the video game. What does the nurse understand that this statement likely indicates? early signs of oppositional defiant disorder. the presence of transference. expression of developing autonomy. the need for stricter discipline at home.

the presence of transference.