35 Psych

Which of the following statements is a reason members of racial and ethnic minority groups typically have less access to mental health care and receive lower quality care than other Americans? (ch2)

A disproportionate number of minority group members remain uninsured or underinsured, and thus cannot access care.

Which cognitive theorist proposed that cognitive distortions, such as judging oneself entirely on the basis of flaws and failures and interpreting events in a negative light, may lead to depression? (ch2)

Aaron Beck

If Alessandro is asked to copy geometric designs in order to complete an assessment, he is likely completing the __________.

Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test

An analysis of American ethnic group differences in rates of mental disorders revealed which of the following groups to have the highest prevalence rate of psychological disorders? (ch2)

European Americans

Following a bad blow to the head during a basketball game, Jeremiah took the __________, which tested his abstract thinking ability, concentration, attention, and visual memory.

Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery

In an examination of potential cultural biases in measurement, researchers found that the __________ was sensitive to detecting problem behaviors and symptoms in American Indian tribal members.

MMPI-2

__________ interviews provide the highest level of reliability in reaching diagnostic judgments.

Structured

Naoki is overly concerned with embarrassing or offending other people. His concern is so great that he will often remain mute in social situations for fear of saying the wrong statement or opinion. This syndrome is most common among Japanese men. Which culture-bound syndrome does Naoki suffer from?

Taijin-kyofu-sho

Susan consulted a therapist to help with her panic attacks. The therapist asked her how she experienced the attacks: when, where, what the triggers were, and more. The therapist was interested in what reinforcers were maintaining the panic attacks. Hence, he was conducting a(n) __________ interview to look for precipitating cues.

behavioral

The approach to clinical assessment that focuses on the objective recording and description of problem behavior is termed __________.

behavioral assessment

If a clinician meets with a client and uses a minimum number of symptoms in order to diagnose the client with a particular disorder, this clinician would be following a __________ approach.

categorical

If a therapist was primarily concerned with a client's self-concept as related to the presence or absence of conditional versus unconditional positive regard in the client's life, that therapist likely practices __________ therapy, which was developed by __________. (ch2)

client-centered; Carl Rogers

Compared to traditional psychoanalysis, modern psychodynamic therapists focus more on __________ and less on __________. (ch2)

clients' present relationships; sexual motives

After Joe earned a doctoral degree in psychology he did a year-long internship and now specializes in diagnosing psychological disorders and practicing psychotherapy. Many of Joe's clients have severe disorders. Joe is most likely a __________. (ch2)

clinical psychologist

If a brain scan was completed in which various structures can be visualized, but not the activity of those structures, it is likely that the scan is a __________ scan.

computed tomography

In all classical conditioning situations, the neutral stimulus becomes the __________. (ch2)

conditioned stimulus

Which type of validity reflects the degree to which test items appear to represent the traits in question?

content validity

In terms of neuronal transmission, __________ are to receipt of information whereas __________ are to transmission of information. (ch2)

dendrites; axons

Which of the following psychological disorders has electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) been most effective in treating? (ch2)

depression

If an individual has a genetic predisposition to develop attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but this disorder is only manifested by the presence of life stressors, such as living in a dysfunctional family or expulsion from school, this scenario would best fit the __________ of abnormal behavior. (ch2)

diathesis stress model

Henry has been drinking alcohol excessively for the last ten years. His alcoholism led to him losing his family and his job, and he is now homeless and depressed. Which of the following explains the link between Henry's behavioral problems and his current low socioeconomic status? (ch2)

downward drift hypothesis

Tests that lack sensitivity and report that people do not have disorders that they do in fact have, produce __________, whereas tests that lack specificity produce a high number of __________.

false negatives; false positives

Which of the following brain scans would be most appropriate for visualizing the activity of a brain area rather than the structure?

functional magnetic resonance imaging

The belief that people have an inborn tendency toward self-actualization and that abnormal behavior results from a distorted self-concept is characteristic of __________. (ch2)

humanistic theory

The type of reliability of an assessment technique called __________ consistency may be determined by whether the different parts of the test yield consistent results.

internal

If a person scored 100 on an intelligence test on Monday and then scored 130 on Wednesday with the same degree of effort, the test would be considered as __________.

lacking reliability???

If the Graduate Record Examination, a test that students take to gain entry into graduate school, does not, in fact, accurately predict a person's success in graduate school, then the exam has low __________ validity.

maybe predictive?

White Americans tend to have a __________ (ch2)

not higher prevalence of chronic disorders?

Marcus is assisting his professor with a behavioral observation of a group of children playing in a schoolyard. He has a coding sheet that he uses to record the children's interactions with each other. As the observation continues and Marcus gets tired, his coding of the behavior becomes less consistent. This tendency is called __________.

observer drift

Amelie can report sensations of her cell phone in her hand, the heat of the sun on her skin, and the feeling of a needle poking her. Which lobe of the brain processes these sensations? (ch2)

parietal

Sean's therapist has a medical degree (M.D.) and has been prescribing medication to Sean for anxiety. The type of therapist Sean is seeing is a __________. (ch2)

psychiatrist

Disputing irrational beliefs and replacing them with more rational ones is the primary goal of __________. (ch2)

rational emotive behavior therapy

Jack has been prescribed a benzodiazepine for treatment of his anxiety. Recently, he has been experiencing anxiety that is much worse than his initial anxiety. The intense anxiety occurs after he stops using the medication. The phenomenon Jack is experiencing is referred to as __________. (ch2)

rebound anxiety

Samantha is a landlord who deceived a prospective young tenant with a psychiatric disorder, telling him that the apartment was rented. The next day she rented the same apartment to someone else. Samantha engaged in __________.

sanism

Giordano believes that people in higher socioeconomic groups are at less risk of severe behavioral problems compared to those in lower socioeconomic groups due to insulation from stress related to living in poverty. Clearly, he believes in the __________. (ch2)

social causation model

Michael exercises every day in order to channel his anger toward his boss into a healthy, appropriate pursuit. Michael is utilizing Freud's defense mechanism of __________. (ch2)

sublimation

JeNeva is a highly serious individual who does not tend to engage in impulsive or reckless behaviors. In fact, she often dampens her own urges to engage in pleasurable activities by shaming herself for not meeting high standards she has set for herself. According to psychodynamic theory, Freud might consider JeNeva to have a strong __________ and a weak __________. (ch2)

superego; id

To behaviorally-oriented psychologists, behavior is best understood through examining the interaction between the person and __________. Thus, they sometimes critique the DSM for focusing on what people "have" rather than what people "do."

the environment

On the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery, the Category Test is to __________ whereas the Rhythm Test is to __________.

thinking ability; concentration

Dr. Mis developed a measurement of creativity with a high degree of test-retest reliability, which means that the test __________.

yields similar results on separate occasions