3500 ch. 3

The first permanent union in the U.S. is attributed to the: A. textile industry. B. railroad industry. C. shoemakers' industry. D. auto industry.

shoemaker's industry

The American Federation of Labor focused its organizing efforts on: A. Craft workers of all kinds. B. Industrial workers (i.e., all workers within an industry). C. Workers of all kinds (craftsmen, industrial workers, farmers, etc.) D. Skilled craft workers

skilled craft workers

A significant change in American societal beliefs regarding the role of big business in ensuring prosperity for all occurred following: A. The Great Uprising. B. World War I. C. The Great Depression. D. World War II.

the great depression

Revolutionary unionism tries to create ____________________ solidarity rather than solidarity by occupation or industry: A. Workplace. B. Working class. C. Stakeholder. D. Ethnic.

working class

Today private sector union density is around: A. 50 percent. B. 20 percent. C. 10 percent. D. 65 percent.

10 percent

In the early 1900s, the richest 1 percent of households in America controlled the greatest concentration of wealth in U.S. history at: A. 75 percent. B. 15 percent. C. 50 percent. D. 45 percent.

45 percent

In the years immediately following WWII, labor relations in the United States were characterized by: A. Several years of industrial peace in which labor and management resolved workplace disputes cooperatively. B. A two-year period of industrial peace during which the National War Labor Board helped to resolve workplace disputes. C. A two-year period of industrial conflict which was manifested in a great number of strikes. D. A brief period of strikes lasting about two months, followed by several years of industrial peace.

A two-year period of industrial conflict which was manifested in a great number of strikes.

The Industrial Workers of the World was born in part out of frustration over the: A. AFL's willingness to settle for small, day to day gains, in light of the oppressive work practices of the ownership class. B. CIO's emphasis on industrial unionism at the expense of crafts and tradespeople. C. KOL's failure to recognize the day-to-day struggles of the working class. D. NLU's inability to organize a national federation of labor unions that could support each other in times of struggle.

AFL's willingness to settle for small, day to day gains, in light of the oppressive work practices of the ownership class.

For the Knights of Labor, the central conflict that needed to be won was between: A. Workers and their employers. B. Anyone considered a "producer" (i.e., farmers, shopkeepers, and employers) and those who controlled money (i.e., bankers, stockbrokers, lawyers). C. Workers and those who controlled money (i.e., bankers, stockbrokers, lawyers, employers). D. Workers and government officials.

Anyone considered a "producer" (i.e., farmers, shopkeepers, and employers) and those who controlled money (i.e., bankers, stockbrokers, lawyers).

The Great Uprising of 1877 was primarily a conflict between: A. Coal miners and coal mine owners. B. Citizens and the state government. C. Capital owners and workers in many industries and locations. D. Railroad workers and railroad owners.

Capital owners and workers in many industries and locations.

A central goal of the American Federation of Labor was to ensure that workplaces were: A. Closed to anyone who did not belong to the union. B. Open to all workers. C. Open to all men (but excluding women and minorities). D. Closed to skilled craftsmen

Closed to anyone who did not belong to the union.

The major strategy of the unions of the American Federation of Labor focused on A. Collective bargaining and the threat of strikes. B. Political action and lobbying. C. Education and enlightenment. D. Violence and sabotage

Collective bargaining and the threat of strikes.

In the Knights of Labor's vision for the future, businesses would be owned by: A. Cooperatives made up of workers employed by the business . B. Bankers, lawyers, and stockbrokers who could best control the flow of money into the economy. C. Cooperatives made up of the producers of the goods and services they produced. These would include both workers and their employers. D. Cooperatives made up of employers whereby multiple capital owners would join together to finance businesses.

Cooperatives made up of the producers of the goods and services they produced. These would include both workers and their employers.

In the 1950s, the labor movement was generally portrayed as: A. Forceful institutions that effectively achieved justice for the working class. B. Corrupt institutions that took advantage of the working class. C. Weak institutions incapable of representing the best interests of workers. D. Modest institutions that played only a minor role in the American workplace.

Corrupt institutions that took advantage of the working class.

The first U.S. labor unions were organized by A. Industry, with a focus on local employment issues. B. Industry, with a focus on national employment issues. C. Craft lines, with a focus on local employment issues. D. Craft lines, with a focus on national employment issues.

Craft lines, with a focus on local employment issues

The CIO formed as a result of: A. Differences with the AFL over unionization by industry, rather than by craft. B. Differences with the AFL over who should lead the union. C. A need for broader representation of skilled craftsworkers. D. The high concentration of power with the AFL

Differences with the AFL over unionization by industry, rather than by craft.

Which of the following was not a primary function of the American Federation of Labor? A. Arbiter of disputes between local unions over jurisdiction. B. Coordinator of the bargaining and strike activities of several unions. C. Direct negotiator with employers over wages, hours and working conditions. D. Initiator of new union organizing drives.

Direct negotiator with employers over wages, hours and working conditions.

To achieve gains for its members, the Knights of Labor focused primarily on A. Strikes and boycotts. B. Violent riots. C. Sit down strikes. D. Education and reforming capitalism

Education and reforming capitalism

The hypocrisy of the open shop movement was that: A. Employers wanted businesses to be open to all consumers but closed to unions. B. Employers painted collective action of workers as an infringement upon individual liberty while they themselves acted collectively to prevent unionization. C. Unions said they were there to represent all workers but actually they only represented those that belonged to the union. D. Courts were willing to issue injunctions against unions who went out on strike.

Employers painted collective action of workers as an infringement upon individual liberty while they themselves acted collectively to prevent unionization.

The biggest criticism of welfare unionism was: A. Employees felt patronized and belittled by employers. B. It was considered to be a form of bribery in which employers bought the cooperation of employees. C. Employers tried to provide industrial democracy through the use of company unions. D. It was ineffective at preventing workers from unionizing.

Employers tried to provide industrial democracy through the use of company unions

The most hotly debated characteristic of welfare capitalism today is: A. It is paternalistic in nature—treating employees as if they were children. B. It attempts to provide employees with voice through company dominated unions or employee representation groups. C. It created a division within labor between those who had "generous" employers and those that did not. D. the degree of control employees had over employer decisions

It attempts to provide employees with voice through company dominated unions or employee representation groups.

The significance of the Industrial Workers of the World was: A. It focused on reforming the political system by forming a labor party in the United States. B. It was willing to use violence and radical measures to gain rights for workers. C. It was focused primarily on business issues like getting more pay and better working conditions. D. It provided an alternative to general unionism by focusing primarily on craft unionism.

It was willing to use violence and radical measures to gain rights for workers

The significance of the Haymarket Square Riot, starting with the battle between strikers and their replacements at McCormick Reaper Works was: A. It signaled the decline of unions in the U.S. B. It was instrumental in turning public opinion away from employers and toward unions. C. It resulted in better wages, hours, and working conditions for McCormick employees. D. It weakened the Knights of Labor even though the union had encouraged workers not to strike.

It weakened the Knights of Labor even though the union had encouraged workers not to strike.

An important activity of the AFL unions was establishing and maintaining: A. Job standards through work rules. B. Union loyalty through secret rituals and codes. C. Moral principles through education and individual reform. D. Operating rules for local unions.

Job standards through work rules.

Welfare capitalism is characterized by: A. Worker cooperatives or worker-owned companies that redistribute wealth in such a way as to eliminate the need for welfare programs. B. Management systems that emphasize orderly hiring and firing procedures, wage incentives, protective insurance, positive work culture, and employee voice. C. Taxes on the rich which are then redistributed to unemployed workers. D. A free trade system which results in a high concentration of wealth among a very few and large numbers of people on welfare.

Management systems that emphasize orderly hiring and firing procedures, wage incentives, protective insurance, positive work culture, and employee voice.

A typical newspaper company in the early part of the 20th century might employ both printers and "newsies" (young men and boys who sold the papers). Which of the following best illustrates the AFL's concept of exclusive jurisdiction? A. One union should represent both the printers and newsies. B. One union should represent the printers but could also represent other workers, say shoemakers at a local shoemaking company. C. One union should represent the printers and only the printers while another union should represent the newsies (and only the newsies). D. The printers are represented by both the printers' union and the newsies' union.

One union should represent the printers and only the printers while another union should represent the newsies (and only the newsies).

Which of the following is not seen as a precursor to the Great Uprising of 1877? A. The hanging 10 miners who allegedly killed some mine owners. B. Massive unemployment and an economic depression. C. Widespread and large wage cuts for the working class. D. Parades and protests for an 8 hour work day.

Parades and protests for an 8 hour work day.

Today the strongest segment of unionization is: A. Craft workers. B. Industrial workers. C. Public sector workers. D. Militant workers.

Public sector workers.

The National War Labor Board, created during WWI and WWII, was intended to: A. Prevent unions and management from bargaining over wages, hours, and working conditions. B. Set pay and benefits rates for major industries during the wars. C. Resolve labor disputes that arose during the wars. D. Hear and investigate charges of unfair labor practices against employers.

Resolve labor disputes that arose during the wars.

In the earliest years of our country's formation, work was characterized as: A. Skilled industrial jobs. B. Craft workers employed by factories and shop owners. C. Self-employed farmers, shopkeepers and craftsman. D. Unskilled industrial jobs

Self-employed farmers, shopkeepers and craftsman.

Unlike the AFL, the CIO's attitude toward women in the union was: A. That they should be encouraged to join the union and allowed positions of leadership. B. That they should be excluded from the union. C. That they should be encouraged to join but relegated to a minor role in leading the union. D. That they should not be allowed to join but their support would be welcomed.

That they should be encouraged to join but relegated to a minor role in leading the union.

A key difference between the AFL and the CIO in their early years was: A. The CIO relied more heavily on aggressive tactics such as sit-down strikes. B. The AFL had close ties to radical groups such as communists and socialists. C. The AFL welcomed women into its ranks. D. The CIO embraced a business union model.

The CIO relied more heavily on aggressive tactics such as sit-down strikes.

In 1886, a Chicago rally to protest police repression of strikers turned violent when a bomb was thrown into the police ranks and police fired into the departing crowd. This incident is known as: A. The Homestead Strike. B. The Ludlow Massacre. C. The May Day Riots. D. The Haymarket Tragedy.

The Haymarket Tragedy.

Which of the following unions is most accurately described as a revolutionary union? A. The American Federation of Labor. B. The United Auto Workers. C. The Industrial Workers of the World. D. The Knights of Labor.

The Industrial Workers of the World.

Which union's philosophy is rooted in critical industrial relations school of thought: A. The American Federation of Labor. B. The National Labor Union. C. The Knights of Labor. D. The Industrial Workers of the World.

The Industrial Workers of the World.

The American Federation of Labor arose out of frustration with: A. The National Labor Union's focus on craft unionism, which excluded industrial workers from its ranks. B. The Knights of Labor's failure to address everyday working issues. C. The Industrial Workers of the World's militant organizing tactics. D. The CIO's exclusive focus on industrial unionism.

The Knights of Labor's failure to address everyday working issues.

The first federation of U.S. labor organizations representing unions from different occupations and industries was: A. The American Federation of Labor. B. The Congress of Industrial Organizations. C. The Industrial Workers of the World. D. The National Labor Union.

The National Labor Union.

The quote, "This and other considerations have convinced us that if we resort to political action at all, we must keep clear of entangling alliances. With a distinct workingman's party in the field, there can be no distrust, no want of confidence" can be attributed to the leader of which of the following unions: A. The Industrial Workers of the World. B. The American Federation of Labor. C. The Knights of Labor. D. The National Labor Union.

The National Labor Union.

The first national labor unions began to develop in the 1850s, due in part to: A. The advent of the rail industry which made it easier for union leaders to travel to various organizing points. B. Powerful labor leaders. C. Favorable legislation and courts that were friendly toward unions. D. Increasing emphasis on craft development.

The advent of the rail industry which made it easier for union leaders to travel to various organizing points.

The rise in unionization after the passage of the National Labor Relations Act was largely due to: A. Increased strength of the AFL's craft unionism movement. B. A resurgence of militant unionism by the IWW. C. A strong general unionism movement. D. The rise in industrial unionism.

The rise in industrial unionism.

The AFL and the CIO merged in 1955 because: A. The CIO finally agreed that craft unionism was the most appropriate model. B. They needed to band together to compete with the Teamsters Union. C. The two unions were expending considerable resources raiding each other for members. D. The AFL finally agreed that industrial unionism was the most appropriate model for representing workers.

The two unions were expending considerable resources raiding each other for members.

Which of the following is not a reason that attempts to unionize the steel industry in the early 1900s failed? A. Unions wasted resources fighting over jurisdictional issues. B. There was little union interest in organizing steelworkers. C. Steel companies used aggressive tactics of the open shop movement. D. Individual unions refused to cooperate together to fight the steel companies.

There was little union interest in organizing steelworkers.

Which of the following is sometimes argued to be the beginning of today's strategic human resource management and high performance workplaces? A. Industrial unionism. B. Syndicalism. C. Welfare capitalism. D. General unionism.

Welfare capitalism.

The Homestead strike in 1892 and the Pullman strike in 1894 were representative of the clash between employers and the AFL over who had the right to establish: A. Working conditions. B. Work standards and production decisions. C. Wage rates D. Hours of work

Work standards and production decisions.

A workplace that is open only to workers who belong to the union is known as: A. A welfare shop. B. An open shop. C. A closed shop. D. An agency shop.

a closed shop

The American Federation of Labor believed that allowing skilled craftsmen to establish and enforce their own work rules and work standards would: A. Promote their dignity of workers. B. Reinforce their ability to participate in a democratic society. C. Maintain high standards of the craft. D. All of the above.

all of the above

Which of the following was formed first? A. Industrial unions. B. Business unions. C. National unions. D. Craft unions.

craft unions

The National Labor Union was a distinctly different type of union from other unions because it worked toward: A. Producer and worker cooperatives. B. Creating a national labor political party. C. Better education. D. Work hours reform.

creating a national labor political party

During the mid-1880's, which national labor union was at its peak in terms of power? A. Industrial Workers of the World. B. Knights of Labor. C. National Labor Union. D. American Federation of Labor

knights of labor

Which labor union believed that while work was necessary to provide for both personal and psychological needs of individuals, it was also key to serving God? A. National Labor Union. B. Knights of Labor. C. Industrial Workers of the World. D. American Federation of Labor.

knights of labor

Which of the following unions is typically considered to be an uplift union? A. Industrial Workers of the World. B. American Federation of Labor. C. National Labor Union. D. Knights of Labor.

knights of labor