3710: test 2

The family of an 83-year-old woman is distressed to learn that her recent development of the inability to get herself dressed, along with other memory problems, suggests that she is in which stage of Alzheimer's disease?

stage 2

The adrenopause observed in older adults reflects age-related changes in which hormone?

DHEA which influences GH and CNS

Depressive symptoms can place the older adult at risk for developing which other diseases or conditions?

Diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, hip fracture, Vitamin D deficiency, tooth loss

The nephron is the cell responsible for the efficiency of which organ in the body?

Kidney

Normal age-related changes in the lens of the eye results in which condition that afflicts all older adults?

Presbyopia

The "stroke" belt received its name because people living in this region tend to:

The Southeast, consume sodium, fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol and low consumption of dietary fiber

Normal changes in the cardiovascular system with age in adulthood are reflected in a lowering of which measure?

Decrease in aerobic capacity of 10% per decade

Found to contribute to major depressive disorder in older adults, which condition might be overlooked by psychologists conducting an assessment?

Dysphoria

The text recommends that the best advice for an older adult trying to maintain his or her digestive functioning is to:

Eat a balanced diet containing proteins, complex carbs and fats

The symptoms of social anxiety disorder involve, specifically, which types of thoughts and feelings?

Experiences extreme anxiety about being watched by other people, fear of public embarrassment

Experts worry that future generations of older adults will experience more age-related hearing loss due to which preventable behavior?

Exposure to excess noise

Unlike memory loss caused by Alzheimer's disease, the symptoms of vascular dementia may be:

Face dropping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time to call 911

People who have the anxiety disorder known as agoraphobia fear what type of situation? `

Fear of being trapped or stranded during a panic attack

Within Dr. Emerson's study on loneliness, who in the sample was more likely to report being lonely?

Female, not married, and have more health problems, 60+

A build-up of pressure within the eyeball is involved in which form of blindness that affects older adults?

Glaucoma

Because it focuses on the degree of independence an older adult is able to maintain, it is important to healthcare practitioners to measure instrumental activities of daily living. This measure includes which type of criteria?

Go shopping, prepare meals, complete housekeeping tasks, do the laundry, use private or public transportation

The somatopause of gaining involves changes in which hormones?

Growth hormone

What is the Hispanic paradox?

Hispanics live longer than Caucasians of African American's but they have lower socio-economic status, lower education

Health professionals treating older adults with osteoarthritis are most likely to recommend which of the following approaches as a long-term strategy, particularly for individuals with mild symptoms?

Mild Exercise

The results of Dr. Emerson's study propose what physical activity recommendations for older adults?

Moderate

What may be a reason as to why older adults who report loneliness are more likely to seek out medical assistance?

someone to talk to

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is almost always caused by

the obstruction of the airflow to the respiratory system caused by smoking

You're the health care professional treating a 72-year-old woman who you determine suffers from arteriosclerosis. In explaining this condition to her, you inform her that this condition specifically is defined as involving:

thickening and hardening of the arteries

The BMR is controlled by which set of hormones in the endocrine system?

thyroid

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:

too much alcohol and obesity

In Alzheimers disease, neurofibrillary tangles cause what changes to occur within the brain?

twisting of microtubules in the neurons

The HAROLD model of plasticity and brain aging proposes that older adults show which pattern when completing cognitive tasks compared to younger adults?

Only one hemisphere is working. Harold said that the one can take on responsibility for the other

Which of the following is a documented risk factor for developing cataracts?

Opacities in the lens of the eye

A mental health clinician is evaluating an older adult patient referred for neuropsychological testing. The clinician recognizes that small changes in cognitive functioning, occurring in stepwise manner, may most likely be due to which condition?

dementia

Destruction of the _____ is a consequence of emphysema

elasticity of alveoli

people living in the :cancer belt" are at particular risk for which form of cancer?

esophagus

An 80-year-old woman is suffering from limited range of motion due to degenerative changes in her knees, shoulders, and wrists. If you were her physical therapist, you might suggest that she offset these changes by engaging primarily in:

flexibility exercises and strength exercises

One of the reasons that gerontologists are concerned about falls in older adults causing serious fractures is that bone loss is typically most likely to occur in the:

joints

Normal changes in the ______ of the heart seem to play a central role in the aging of the cardiovascular system.

left ventricle

3. A BMI in the range of 25-29.9 places the individual in the category of:

overweight

A true Mediterranean diet would include relatively little of which type of food?

red meat and dairy foods

the plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimers disease are made up of...?

Beta Amyloid

the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder is estimated to be

16.6%

Based on prevalence data, older adults with bipolar disorder were most likely to have developed it by the time they reached the age of about:

25 years old

Around what percentage of the oldest old (those aged 80 years and older) report being lonely?

40-50%

What is the approximate percent of adults 50 to 54 who use illicit drugs?

9%

Metabolic syndrome, a condition that places an individual at risk for heart disease and diabetes, involves which of the following criteria for women?

Abdominal obesity > 35 inches, HDL cholesterol (good kind) > 50 mg

Which neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in the memory loss of Alzheimers disease?

Acetylcholine

One of the primary causes of aging of the respiratory system involves changes in the air sacs known as the:

Alveoli

There condition known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is used in cases involving:

Alzheimers

which disorder is thought to be caused in part by malfunction of the APP gene?

Alzheimers

A 45-year-old man Is concerned because his 70-year-old mother seems unusually restless, tense, irritable, and prone to worrying. It is possible that his mother has developed which psychological disorder?

Anxiety disorder

A 72-year-old woman has been told by her physician that, because she is obese, she is putting increased weight on her joints, thus increasing her risk of developing the musculoskeletal disease known as:

Arthritis

In general, guidelines for receiving cancer screening recommend that patients undergo systematic tests:

As indicated by research guidelines: pap test and pelvic exam for women. Blood testing endoscopic screenings

Clinicians seek to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other neurocognitive disorders as soon as possible in their patients primarily because:

Average lifespan is 4-8 years after diagnosis

A 65-year-old man smoked all his life and now has ________ a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

COPD

The increased release of elastase stimulated by cigarette smoking is thought to be a cause of which disease?

COPD

Older adults may be more alert in the morning, and younger adults in the evening, reflecting age differences in:

Circadian rhythm

1. Changes with age in the dermis layer of the skin are associated with age-related alterations in which protein, also found in connective tissue throughout the body?

Collagen and Elastin

The World Health Organization defines health as having which qualities?

Complete physical, mental and social well being

Psychologists may fail to recognize the symptoms of major depressive disorder in an older adult because they mistakenly assume that:

It is cognitive impairment or a physical symptoms

When mental health parity for Medicare was passed in 2008 by the U.S. Congress, this meant that older adults could receive which benefit?

Mental health care benefits

Within Dr. Emerson's study on physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk, which group of people were at highest risk for cardiovascular disease?

Mexican American Adults

What did the results of Dr. Emersons study report on physical activity levels and ethnicity?

Mexican American older adults had higher CVD compared to non Hispanic whites. Overall, worse health for Mexican American adults

. A 67-year-old former embezzler out on parole sees a court-ordered therapist each week. The therapist observes in her notes that he seems to be a good example of the maturation hypothesis. This means that the former convict shows which behavior?

More mature personality disorder meaning improved coping with symptoms

. Because neurons do not replace themselves when they die, proponents of the _______ model believe that aging inevitably involves declines in brain structures and functions.

Neuro Fallout

A 67-year-old woman is constantly organizing and re-organizing her kitchen cabinets, wanting every cup, plate, glass, and utensil to be in exactly the "right" place. Her behavior causes her distress, and although she would like to stop, she can't help herself. This behavior would be

OCD

The training of health professionals to work with the older population should, based on trends in chronic disease prevalence, involve knowledge about coping with which type of illness?

Osteoarthritis

Diabetes can be traced to the abnormal functioning of the___

Pancreas

In _____ disease, the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning, including having tremors, shuffling gait, and difficulties maintaining balance.

Parkinsons

. Symptoms of depression in persons over the age of 65 are more likely to take which form compared to symptoms shown in younger adults?

Physical ex: tooth decay, sleep, appetite, arthritis `

What is one proposed strategy for increasing physical activity levels among older adults?

Providing social support and beginning an activity program at a low intensity and gradually working up to a moderate intensity

The concept of plasticity in the nervous system refers to the fact that:

Remaining neurons take over functions of dying neurons

Researchers studying borderline personality disorder tendencies in older adults found those high in neuroticism to be more likely to show ____in which they create more problems in their lives.

Stress generation

Middle-aged and older adults wear bifocals to correct for which age-related change in the eyes?

Thickening of the lens: Presbyopia

What was the goal of the loneliness study done by Dr. Emerson?

To understand if elders were lonely and what affects it has on them: heart problems, death, etc.

Unlike the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), the International Classification of Diseases makes possible diagnosis of which conditions?

all medical illnesses

a middle aged man is worried that his 83 year old mother may develop osteoporosis, a reasonable concern because she is

an underweight woman

Of all forms of specific phobia, which of the following is most prevalent in the adult population?

animals and heights

Which category of disorders has the highest lifetime prevalence

anxiety

In the disease known as ________, the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach the major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.

atherosclerosis causes coronary heart disease

exposure to the asbestos increases an individual's risk of developing ___ cancer?

chemical

Results from Dr. Emerson suggested that loneliness that was reported _____ was significantly associated with increased number of doctor visits

chronic loneliness

Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimers disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?

forgetting norrmal actions and information example: names of good friends and family

2. A 55-year-old man has a common age-related condition known as androgenic alopecia. This means that he is experiencing:

hair loss

Melatonin supplements, occasionally used by older adults to offset changes with age, may have unwanted effects such as:

headaches, drowsiness, constriction of blood vessels posing a danger for people with high BP

`In the disorder known as _____, individuals continually collect objects that they don't need, are unable to throw out those objects, and may clutter up their homes to the point of being almost unlivable.

hoarding

a natural shrinking with age of thymus gland contributes to the process known as

immune senescence

Sarcopenia is associated with age-related changed in the

muscles

which group in the population is at particularly high risk for developing osteoporosis?

women