38, 39, 40 AEMT

Which one of the following statements made by an AEMT shows an understanding of chest trauma? A) "Closed chest injuries are caused by blunt trauma, and can be just as serious as open chest injuries." B) "Open chest injuries are more serious than closed chest injuries, because air and bacteria can enter the chest through the open wound." C) "In general, an open chest injury caused by blunt trauma is more life-threatening than a closed one due increased blood loss." D) "Closed chest injuries are caused by penetrating trauma and cause more life-threatening injuries than do open chest injuries."

Answer: A - "Closed chest injuries are caused by blunt trauma, and can be just as serious as open chest injuries."

A two-year-old boy fell down a flight of stairs. Which instruction would you provide to other AEMTs who are immobilizing the patient? A) "Let us place a folded towel under his shoulders to help maintain head alignment." B) "It is better if the collar is a little too big; that is more comfortable for him." C) "After he is on the board, place a towel behind his head to keep the airway open." D) "Just apply a cervical collar and then place him directly on the stretcher."

Answer: A - "Let us place a folded towel under his shoulders to help maintain head alignment."

Which one of the following statements about the care and treatment of a patient with a spinal injury in the prehospital setting is TRUE? A) "Prehospital care for the patient with a spine injury involves immobilization and the identification of life-threatening conditions." B) "If a patient has a possible spine injury but is in shock, it is permissible to forego immobilization since this takes time from definitive care in the hospital." C) "Before transporting the critically injured patient with a spinal injury, the EMT must perform a detailed neurological assessment from head to toe." D) "It is important to identify the site of spinal injury so the proper prehospital care can be rendered."

Answer: A - "Prehospital care for the patient with a spine injury involves immobilization and the identification of life-threatening conditions."

An unrestrained male struck the steering wheel with his abdomen. Currently, he is complaining of generalized abdominal pain and rates it a 3/10. Assessment indicates red marks across his lower abdomen caused by the steering wheel. His pulse is 128, respirations 18, blood pressure 128/92, and SpO2 at 98 percent. Which one of the following is MOST appropriate when providing oxygen to this patient? A) 15 liters per minute through nonrebreather B) Oxygen can be withheld due to the SpO2 reading C) 2 liters per minute through a nasal cannula D) 8 liters per minute through a simple face mask

Answer: A - 15 liters per minute through nonrebreather

A construction foreman has been stabbed in the right anterior chest with a screwdriver by an angry worker. He is conscious and oriented and complaining of pain to the injury site. Prior to your arrival, he removed the screwdriver. Your primary assessment reveals a patent airway, adequate breathing, and strong radial pulse. Based on these findings, you should: A) Administer oxygen through a nonrebreather mask B) Take manual inline spinal stabilization C) Insert a nasopharyngeal airway D) Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver.

Answer: A - Administer oxygen through a nonrebreather mask

A patient with a suspected injury to the liver should be treated: A) As any patient in shock B) With oxygen by cannula and positioning comfortably C) Conservatively as the liver is capable of self healing D) In the field with hypotonic fluid administration

Answer: A - As any patient in shock

Which of the following BEST describes the effects of a pericardial tamponade on cardiac output and venous pressure? A) Cardiac output is low, and central venous pressure rises B) Cardiac output rises, and venous pressure is not affected C) Cardiac output is not affected, and central venous pressure rises D) Cardiac output is high, and central venous pressure falls

Answer: A - Cardiac output is low, and central venous pressure rises

As you approach a motorcyclist who was thrown from his bike, you can hear him saying that he cannot feel or move his legs. You note that he has obvious deformity to both femurs. EMRs are holding manual inline spinal stabilization. Of the following, which one should be done FIRST? A) Check his rate and effort of breathing B) Place a cervical collar and administer oxygen C) Check for motor function and sensation in the feet D) Expose the legs and look for bleeding

Answer: A - Check his rate and effort of breathing

A patient has been assaulted and sustained blunt trauma to the abdomen. As you start the primary assessment, you note that he is vomiting blood and you begin to suction him immediately. After the airway has been suctioned, you should: A) Check the patient's respirations B) Obtain a full set of vital signs C) Examine the abdomen for specific injuries D) Administer oxygen with a nonrebreather face mask.

Answer: A - Check the patient's respirations

You are treating a patient who has been stabbed in the abdomen and now has abdominal contents protruding from the site of the wound. The BEST way to treat this injury is to: A) Cover contents with moist gauze and use an occlusive dressing such as plastic from a trauma dressing package and tape in place B) Elevate patient's shoulders and cover abdominal contents with bulky, wet dressing C) Carefully replace abdominal contents after rinsing with saline and cover with bulky, dry dressing D) Dressing and bandage wound as any other, careful transport

Answer: A - Cover contents with moist gauze and use an occlusive dressing such as plastic from a trauma dressing package and tape in place

You have been called to a New Year's party for a male patient who was stabbed in the anterior chest. According to partygoers, the patient went outside with another male and was stabbed. Fifteen minutes later, he was found in the snow and 911 was called. When assessing this patient, which finding should the AEMT consider MOST serious and warrant immediate attention? A) Decreased breath sounds to the left lung B) Capillary refill of three seconds C) Complaint of a worsening headache D) Pain and bruising to the left thigh

Answer: A - Decreased breath sounds to the left lung

When a patient suffers penetrating trauma to the chest, as the diaphragm moves downward, air will: A) Enter the pleural cavity from outside B) Not move into the chest cavity C) Be forced from the chest cavity D) Accumulate in the lungs

Answer: A - Enter the pleural cavity from outside

You have arrived on the scene of a stabbing. As you approach the patient, you note that he has removed his shirt and has a single stab wound to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. At the patient's side, your FIRST action should be to: A) Examine the patient's airway B) Quickly look for additional stab wounds C) Provide oxygen via nonrebreather face mask D) Cover the wound with a nonporous dressing

Answer: A - Examine the patient's airway

________ caregivers should be present when logrolling a patient to a spine board. A) Four B) Two C) One D) Six

Answer: A - Four

Ecchymosis around the flanks indicative of retroperitineal bleeding is referred to as: A) GreyTurner's sign B) Cullen's sign C) Kehr's sign D) Murphy's sign

Answer: A - GreyTurner's sign

When securing a victim to a 6' spine board, the AEMT should use: A) Head immobilization device B) Sandbags and duct tape C) 2" cloth tape and towel rolls D) One liter IV bags and duct tape

Answer: A - Head immobilization device

You respond to a call of an explosion at a local chemical company. Upon arrival, the company's hazmat team is decontaminating patients so you can easily treat them. The team extricates a 35-year-old man who is experiencing slight respiratory distress. The care that you should provide FIRST for this patient is: A) High-flow oxygen B) Insertion of a supraglottic airway C) Transport to the local trauma center D) An immediate head-to-toe trauma assessment.

Answer: A - High-flow oxygen

A 45-year-old woman was at a family reunion and fell off a trampoline. She impacted a picnic table with the left side of her lower rib cage and is very anxious and confused. Her airway is open, and her breathing is adequate. Her radial pulse is rapid and weak and her skin is cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs are: pulse 132, respirations 20, blood pressure 102/78 mmHg, and SpO2 at 97 percent. She has ecchymosis to the left lower rib area as well as tenderness and instability. She also has a superficial abrasion to her forehead. Given these findings, you should suspect and treat her for what condition? A) Hypovolemic shock B) Hypoxia C) Closed head injury D) Spinal shock

Answer: A - Hypovolemic shock

A patient has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which one of the following organs or structures should the AEMT be concerned about being injured? A) Liver B) Spleen C) Pancreas D) Small intestine

Answer: A - Liver

An industrial worker has sustained a laceration to his abdomen. On closer inspection, you note what appear to be fat tissue and a portion of intestine protruding through the wound. Which one of the following is MOST appropriate for treating this injury? A) Occlusive dressing applied over saline soaked gauze B) Dry sterile dressing applied over the wound C) Direct pressure using gloved palms to the injury D) One attempt at replacement using sterile gloves

Answer: A - Occlusive dressing applied over saline soaked gauze

AEMT care for an open chest wound and an abdominal evisceration are similar in that: A) Occlusive dressings are placed over both wounds B) Moist dressings are placed over both wounds C) Air must be periodically released from both wounds D) Both wounds can cause the trapping of air in the body

Answer: A - Occlusive dressings are placed over both wounds

You have arrived on the scene for a patient assaulted with a baseball bat. As you approach, which one of the following positions seems to indicate that he was struck and suffered injury to the abdomen? A) On his side with knees drawn to the chest B) Supine with legs extended and toes pointed C) Prone with hands on the back D) Standing with restless movement and pacing

Answer: A - On his side with knees drawn to the chest

Your patient was involved in a serious motor-vehicle collision. Which one of the following assessment findings BEST helps to determine that the patient has a flail segment? A) Paradoxical chest wall movement B) Pain with inspiration C) SpO2 reading lower than 90 percent D) Shortness of breath

Answer: A - Paradoxical chest wall movement

You are at the scene of a vehicle accident with an unconscious, non-breathing patient who has a pulse. The method used to extricate the victim should be: A) Rapidly extricate the victim B) Perform all spinal precautions prior to moving the patient to protect spine C) Apply short immobilization device and extricate rapidly D) Intubate in place and take full spinal precautions prior to movement

Answer: A - Rapidly extricate the victim

You have arrived on the scene of an assault involving a knife. Assessment of the unresponsive 21-year-old man reveals him to have sustained multiple lacerations to the arms and abdomen, with a section of his intestine protruding through a large laceration to the area around the umbilicus. He has lost a significant amount of blood. His airway is open and he is breathing shallowly at a rate of 28. His radial pulse is weak, and his skin is cool and pale. Which one of the following should the AEMT do FIRST? A) Start positive pressure ventilation B) Check the blood pressure C) Cover the intestine with saline soaked gauze D) Immobilize to a long board

Answer: A - Start positive pressure ventilation

A 42-year-old man was involved in a fight and was stabbed in the right lateral chest. The knife is still impaled, and he is complaining of shortness of breath. When he speaks he gurgles and blood drains from his mouth. His respirations are labored and his radial pulse is weak. Which one of the following should you do FIRST? A) Suction the blood from the airway B) Remove the knife and seal the injury with a dressing C) Stabilize the knife with bulky dressings D) Provide positive pressure ventilation

Answer: A - Suction the blood from the airway

You have been called to a hotel swimming pool for a confused adult male. Patrons state that the man has been drinking most of the afternoon and has been in and out of the pool. The man is very confused and noncompliant with your requests. His airway is open and his breathing is adequate. His radial pulse is strong, and his skin is wet with water from the pool. While conducting the secondary assessment, you note a large hematoma to the back of his head. Which one of the following should you do next? A) Take inline spinal stabilization and apply a cervical collar B) Transfer the patient to the stretcher and provide immediate transport C) Check the man's pupils and hand grips for equality D) Apply a cold pack to the hematoma and continue the assessment

Answer: A - Take inline spinal stabilization and apply a cervical collar

ou arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Walking toward you is the unrestrained driver of the vehicle that sustained moderate front-end damage. The patient complains of some back pain, but was walking around after the crash and does not have any neurological deficits. What is your initial action for managing this patient? A) Take manual inline spinal stabilization B) Look for injuries to the patient's back C) Perform the primary assessment D) Obtain the patient's vital signs

Answer: A - Take manual inline spinal stabilization

A paramedic has asked that you apply a dressing over a sucking chest wound to the left anterior chest. Which one of the following should you use to cover the injury? A) Vaseline gauze B) Sterile gauze soaked in sterile water C) Dry sterile gauze dressing D) Clean washcloth

Answer: A - Vaseline gauze

Which of the following statements about flail segments is FALSE? A) Ventilation is sufficient if only two ribs are involved in the flail segment B) The chest wall will have paradoxical movement C) The patient will have impaired ventilation as a result of instability to chest wall D) All of the above

Answer: A - Ventilation is sufficient if only two ribs are involved in the flail segment

Your patient with suspected abdominal trauma should be treated with: A) spinal immobilization, oxygen, IV, treatment for shock B) lateral recumbent positioning with knees to chest, oxygen, intravenous therapy C) semi-seated position, oxygen, IV, blanket for warmth D) prone positioning, oxygen, IV, cardiac monitoring, rapid transport

Answer: A - spinal immobilization, oxygen, IV, treatment for shock

The AEMT showed that he understands the difference between a pneumothorax and a tension pneumothorax when he made which one of the following statements? A) "A tension pneumothorax causes blood to accumulate around the lung; a pneumothorax involves the accumulation of air only around the lung." B) "A tension pneumothorax causes cardiac output to decrease; a simple pneumothorax does not affect cardiac output." C) "A pneumothorax is caused by a closed chest injury; a tension pneumothorax is caused by an open chest injury." D) "A pneumothorax describes a collapsed lung; a tension pneumothorax involves both a collapsed lung and blood loss."

Answer: B - "A tension pneumothorax causes cardiac output to decrease; a simple pneumothorax does not affect cardiac output."

When a moderate or serious MOI is found and the patient does NOT present with the signs and symptoms of shock, you should: A) Rule out the possibility of shock B) Act in anticipation of shock C) Assume the lack of internal bleeding D) Increase the time spent on in-field management

Answer: B - Act in anticipation of shock

The ongoing assessment in the critically injured trauma patient with spinal injuries should be done: A) Every 15 minutes B) At least every five minutes C) Every minute D) Once on the way to the hospital.

Answer: B - At least every five minutes

You are securing a patient to the long backboard. Which one of the following indicates the appropriate order for securing the straps? A) Head, legs, chest, pelvis B) Chest, pelvis, legs, head C) Legs, head, chest, pelvis D) Head, chest, pelvis, legs

Answer: B - Chest, pelvis, legs, head

Assessment of a young girl who was hit while riding her bike reveals her to be responsive to painful stimuli with flexion of the extremities and in respiratory distress. There is marked deformity to her thoracic spine and bruising noted to her anterior chest and abdomen. She does not move her legs when noxious stimuli are applied to the lower extremities. Manual inline spinal stabilization is being held and a cervical collar has been applied. Given the critical nature of this patient, which one of the following is MOST appropriate for her care? A) Transfer her to the long board already on the stretcher and secure with straps en route to the hospital B) Complete immobilization to the long board on scene prior to rapid transport to the hospital C) Wait for family members to arrive prior to moving her to the stretcher for immediate transport to the hospital D) Rapidly transfer her to the stretcher with immobilization to the long board done en route to the hospital

Answer: B - Complete immobilization to the long board on scene prior to rapid transport to the hospital

You have been called for a male patient who has been shot. Assessment reveals an entrance wound to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. You also locate an exit wound to the left upper back. Which one of the following should you do immediately? A) Cover the abdominal wound with saline soaked gauze B) Cover the exit wound with a gloved hand C) Auscultate the patient's breath sounds D) Place a cervical collar on the patient

Answer: B - Cover the exit wound with a gloved hand

Ecchymosis around the umbilicus indicative of retroperitineal bleeding is referred to as: A) GreyTurner's sign B) Cullen's sign C) Kehr's sign D) Murphy's sign

Answer: B - Cullen's sign

When auscultating the lungs of a trauma victim, you are listening for: A) Crackling and popping B) Equal, bilateral breath sounds C) Stridor D) Paradoxical motion

Answer: B - Equal, bilateral breath sounds

You have been called for a patient with extreme back pain. When you are obtaining a medical history, from the patient, he tells you that he has a history of damaged disks in his vertebrae. As a knowledgeable AEMT, you should recognize that: A) Nerves making up the spinal cord have been damaged. B) Fibrous structures between the vertebrae have been injured. C) Ligaments on the side of the spinal column were overstretched D) Vertebrae making up the spinal column were fractured.

Answer: B - Fibrous structures between the vertebrae have been injured.

A 43-year-old man has fallen from a roof and cannot move or feel his arms or legs. When assessing the patient, which one of the following signs would lead the AEMT to suspect the patient is suffering from spinal shock? A) Cool and moist skin B) Heart rate of 68 beats per minute C) Seizure activity D) Cyanosis to the finger tips

Answer: B - Heart rate of 68 beats per minute

he spinal injuries MOST commonly associated with rear-end impacts are: A) Compression B) Hyperextension C) Rotation D) Lateral bending

Answer: B - Hyperextension

A partial or complete tear of one of the great vessels such as the aorta or vena cava may result in: A) Insignificant bleeding B) Hypovolemia C) Pulsus paradoxus D) Pnuemothorax.

Answer: B - Hypovolemia

A football player was struck in the head and is complaining of a headache and nausea. He also states that he has pain to his upper back and tingling in his left hand. The AEMT is providing proper care for the patient when he: A) Removes the shoulder pads to apply a cervical collar B) Leaves the helmet in place but removes the face mask C) Does not place the patient on a long board due to the presence of shoulder pads D) Removes the helmet to better assess the airway and head

Answer: B - Leaves the helmet in place but removes the face mask

An EMR reports that a patient has bruising to the lumbar area of the back. Based on this statement, the AEMT should expect to find bruising in which area? A) Neck B) Lower back C) Upper back D) Buttocks

Answer: B - Lower back

Significant injuries to the head and neck require: A) Detailed neurological evaluation on scene. B) Spinal immobilization. C) Only BLS intervention. D) Insertion of a supraglottic airway device.

Answer: B - Spinal immobilization.

You are by the side of a young male patient who hit his head after diving from a hillside into a shallow lake. The patient is unresponsive and has a large hematoma to his chin. A paramedic asks you to apply painful stimuli to his arms and legs. You recognize that the paramedic wants you to assess for which one of the following? A) Alcohol intoxication B) Spinal injury C) True unresponsiveness D) Extremity fractures

Answer: B - Spinal injury

Which one of the following injuries is MOST likely to cause peritonitis? A) Blunt trauma to the spleen B) Stab wound to the small intestine C) Contusion to the pancreas D) Bullet injury to the liver

Answer: B - Stab wound to the small intestine

As you are performing a rapid trauma exam of the chest, you note the presence of a crackling, rice-crispy-like sensation beneath the skin under the clavicles. This is MOST likely: A) Crepitus B) Subcutaneous emphysema C) Flail chest D) Cyanosis

Answer: B - Subcutaneous emphysema

Air accumulation in the thorax that causes displacement of the mediastinum will result in a condition known as: A) Flail segment B) Tension pnuemothorax C) Sucking chest wound D) Simple pnuemothorax

Answer: B - Tension pnuemothorax

Which one of the following shows that the AEMTs are correctly using a vest-type short spine immobilization device? A) The cervical collar is applied after the torso has been secured to the device B) The head is secured to the device after the torso has been secured C) The head is secured to the device immediately after the cervical collar is placed D) The head is secured first followed by the torso and legs

Answer: B - The head is secured to the device after the torso has been secured

A patient has been struck in the back by a heavy piece of wood that was being bent to make a form for a concrete arch. He is responsive, but cannot feel or move his legs. He has bruising to his back and is incontinent of urine. The skin below the injury site is red and warm. As a knowledgeable AEMT, you should realize that: A) A cervical collar is unnecessary B) The paralysis may resolve C) The ability to feel will return D) The paralysis is permanent

Answer: B - The paralysis may resolve

Which of the following BEST describes a flail chest? A) Four or more adjacent ribs, fractured in three or more places B) Two or more adjacent ribs, fractured in two or more places C) Three or more adjacent ribs, fractured in four or more places D) Three or more adjacent ribs, fractured in two or more places

Answer: B - Two or more adjacent ribs, fractured in two or more places

An elderly patient in a nursing home has fallen in a narrow hallway and you suspect spinal injury. After manually stabilizing the cervical spine and applying a cervical collar, one method to move the patient to a spine board would be: A) Drag the patient in a straight line B) Use a scoop (orthopedic) stretcher C) Use a flat sheet and two rescuers D) Use a vest-type immobilization device

Answer: B - Use a scoop (orthopedic) stretcher

Which structure, when injured, causes the most rapid death? A) Spleen B) Vena cava C) Large intestine D) Stomach

Answer: B - Vena cava

An adult female is found unresponsive after being shot in the chest. Which one of the following AEMT statements about this patient is of MOST concern? A) "She does not have any jugular venous distention." B) "I see an entry wound but no exit wound anywhere." C) "She is getting more difficult to ventilate." D) "Her SpO2 has gone from 90 percent to 93 percent."

Answer: C - "She is getting more difficult to ventilate."

Beck's triad is often found in a pericardial tamponade. Which three of the following findings does it include? 1. JVD 2. Hypotension 3. Wheezing 4. Muffled heart sounds 5. Stridor A) 1, 3, 4 B) 2, 3, 5 C) 1, 2, 4 D) 3, 4, 5

Answer: C - 1, 2, 4 (JVD, Hypotension, and Stridor)

When assessing a patient who sustained blunt trauma to the chest, which one of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of an injury to the lung? A) Elevated heart rate and blood pressure B) Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute C) Ability to speak a few words and then gasp D) Ecchymotic area to the anterior chest

Answer: C - Ability to speak a few words and then gasp

When performing the primary assessment on a patient with an isolated spinalcord injury, you note that he is in severe respiratory distress and struggling to breathe. Where should you suspect the spinalcord injury has occurred? A) Thoracic spine B) Lumbar spine C) Cervical spine D) Diaphragm

Answer: C - Cervical spine

Which one of the following is the MOST commonly injured area of the spinal cord? A) Sacral spine B) Lumbar spine C) Cervical spine D) Thoracic spine

Answer: C - Cervical spine

A young intoxicated male patient cannot move his left arm and leg after diving into the shallow end of a pool and hitting the bottom head first. The AEMT should recognize which one of the following mechanisms as MOST likely to be responsible for this injury? A) Rotation B) Distraction C) Compression D) Penetration

Answer: C - Compression

You have been dispatched to a pool party for a 19-year-old man with shoulder pain. He states that he dove off the diving board and hit the bottom of the pool with his right shoulder and back. Although there is alcohol at the party, he has not been drinking. He is alert and oriented and has obvious redness and abrasions to his right shoulder, neck, and back. He denies pain or discomfort to any other part of the body. Which one of the following should the AEMT do immediately? A) Measure and apply a cervical collar B) Perform a secondary assessment on the patient C) Establish manual inline spinal stabilization D) Start positive pressure ventilation.

Answer: C - Establish manual inline spinal stabilization

A patient has referred pain to her left shoulder. Which one of the following should the AEMT suspect? A) Damage to the gall bladder B) Rupture of the small intestine C) Hemorrhage from the spleen D) Trauma to the right kidney

Answer: C - Hemorrhage from the spleen

A common injury referred to as "whiplash" involves: A) Hyperextension B) Hyperflexion C) Hyperextension and hyperflexion D) Lateral bendinG

Answer: C - Hyperextension and hyperflexion.

You are managing a patient with a large flail segment to the right lateral chest. As such, you should recognize that the immediate threat to life is: A) Rib fractures B) Infection C) Hypoxia D) Blood loss

Answer: C - Hypoxia

A 74-year-old woman is complaining of abdominal pain after falling down five stairs and hitting her abdomen and left hand on a mailbox at the bottom. She also states pain to her left wrist and right ankle, both of which show obvious deformity. She is alert and oriented, and her abdomen is free of bruising but is tender to the left upper and lower quadrant. Her vital signs are: pulse 132, respirations 22, blood pressure 106/86, and SpO2 at 96 percent. Oxygen has been applied, and she is fully immobilized. Advanced life support has been requested and is 12 minutes away. What is your next action? A) Immobilize the wrist and ankle B) Monitor the patient and wait for ALS assistance C) Initiate immediate transport D) Apply ice to the wrist and ankle

Answer: C - Initiate immediate transport

Why is an occlusive dressing, taped on three sides, used in a patient with an open pneumothorax? A) It converts an open pneumothorax into a spontaneous pneumothorax, limiting the aspiration of air and enhancing pressure build-up B) It converts an open pneumothorax into a tension pneumothorax, limiting the aspiration of air and relieving pressure build-up C) It converts an open pneumothorax into a simple pneumothorax, reducing the aspiration of air and relieving pressure build-up D) It converts an open pneumothorax into a hemopneumothorax, limiting the aspiration of blood and relieving pressure build-up

Answer: C - It converts an open pneumothorax into a simple pneumothorax, reducing the aspiration of air and relieving pressure build-up

Referred pain to the left shoulder caused by diaphragmatic irritation, which is caused by the presence of blood and may indicate splenic injury is known as: A) GreyTurner's sign B) Cullen's sign C) Kehr's sign D) Murphy's sign

Answer: C - Kehr's sign

A patient has been shot in the abdomen. Assessment reveals that the bullet entered the body in the right upper quadrant and exited the lower right back. Given this finding, the AEMT should assume which of the following organs may have been injured? A) Stomach, gall bladder B) Liver, gall bladder, left kidney C) Liver, gall bladder, right kidney, small intestine D) Liver, gall bladder, right kidney, small intestine, spleen

Answer: C - Liver, gall bladder, right kidney, small intestine

A patient has been shot in the chest with a rifle. Your assessment reveals a decreasing level of consciousness and inadequate breathing. Positive pressure ventilation is being administered, and you have covered the entrance wound located midclavicular at the second intercostal space on the left side of the chest. Which one of the following should you do next? A) Get a full set of vital signs B) Place a cervical collar C) Look for an exit wound D) Obtain a blood pressure

Answer: C - Look for an exit wound

Following placement of the cervical collar: A) The primary assessment should be done B) Rescuers may focus on establishing intravenous access C) Manual stabilization must be maintained D)The patient is ready for movement

Answer: C - Manual stabilization must be maintained

You arrive on the scene of a two-car motor vehicle collision. The patient was the unrestrained driver of a car that struck another from behind at 25 mph. In the course of the collision, the patient flew forward and struck the windshield with his head. No airbags were deployed. The patient extricated himself and is not complaining of any head, neck, or back pain; however, you do note a small cut on his hand, which occurred as he was getting out of the car. When asked about preexisting medical problems he tells you that he did have herniated disks in his lumbar spine repaired several years ago. Which one of the following should provide the AEMT with the strongest reason to immobilize this patient to the long spine board? A) Self-extrication of the patient B) History of back surgery C) Mechanism of injury D) Laceration to the hand

Answer: C - Mechanism of injury

The MOST common cause of spinal injury in individuals between 16 and 35 years of age is: A) Falls B) Penetrating injury C) Motor vehicle crashes D) sports injuries

Answer: C - Motor vehicle crashes

A male driver was ejected from his vehicle after it rolled several times at a high rate of speed. As you approach the patient you note that he is unresponsive and struggling to breathe. He also has a laceration to the left side of his face and multiple contusions to his legs. After assigning another AEMT to take manual inline spinal stabilization, what should you do? A) Start positive pressure ventilation B) Insert an oropharyngeal airway C) Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver D) Apply a properly sized cervical collar

Answer: C - Open the airway using the jaw-thrust maneuver

A patient dove into a shallow pool and struck his head on the bottom. Your assessment findings indicate that he has no motor or sensation ability in his legs, but he can move his arms. The AEMT should recognize which one of the following conditions? A) Quadriplegia B) Hemiplegia C) Paraplegia D) Tetraplegia

Answer: C - Paraplegia

A condition in which blood accumulates in the sac surrounding the heart is called: A) Traumatic asphyxia B) Pulsus paradoxus C) Pericardial tamponade D) Jugular venous distention

Answer: C - Pericardial tamponade

When performing the secondary assessment, which one of the following signs is MOST suggestive of a spinal-cord injury? A) Headache and nausea B) Bruising to the abdomen C) Persistent penile erection D) Pain in the right leg

Answer: C - Persistent penile erection

You have been called to a public building for a 32-year-old male patient who fell down a flight of stairs. As you pull up, he walks to the ambulance and states that he would like to be looked at because his shoulder and lower back hurt. You immediately take inline manual spinal stabilization and examine his back, which reveals no sign of injury. How should you immobilize this patient? A) Have the patient lie on the ground and immobilize in the usual fashion B) Place the long board on the stretcher and carefully assist the patient onto the long board C) Place a long board behind the patient and immobilize in a standing position D) Place a cervical collar on the patient and transfer him to the stretcher

Answer: C - Place a long board behind the patient and immobilize in a standing position

You are treating a patient with suspected spinal injury following an accident. Your initial actions are: A) Removal from a vehicle to prevent further injury B) Secondary assessment C) Primary assessment while maintaining manual cervical stabilization D) Establishing large-bore IVs and treatment for shock

Answer: C - Primary assessment while maintaining manual cervical stabilization

The presence of a potential myocardial contusion should be based on: A) Open chest wound B) Penetrating chest trauma C) Significant blunt chest trauma D) All of the above

Answer: C - Significant blunt chest trauma

You have arrived on a scene in which one person has been shot in the head. As you approach the patient, you note that he is sitting up and talking with the police. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the left temporal area of his head. Which one of the following is your initial action in caring for this patient? A) Determine the need for a nasal or oral airway B) Remove the towel to assess the gunshot wound C) Take manual inline spinal stabilization D) Obtain a pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.

Answer: C - Take manual inline spinal stabilization

Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the short immobilization device? A) Immobilization of the spine is complete B) It should be used on all suspected spine injuries C) The device will keep the torso inline while rotating a victim to a backboard D) Once secure, the patient can be hoisted by the straps from a confined space

Answer: C - The device will keep the torso inline while rotating a victim to a backboard

The MOST important aspect of care when treating a suspected thoracic injury is: A) Chest decompression B) Pain medications C) Ventilation and oxygenation D) Intravenous therapy

Answer: C - Ventilation and oxygenation

Pain felt by the patient when pressure from palpation is released from the area is referred to as: A) Point tenderness B) Kehr's sign C) Rebound tenderness D) Murphy's sign

Answer: C- Rebound tenderness

Which one of the following statement about removing a helmet in the prehospital setting is TRUE? A) "Helmets should only be removed if they are too tight or spinal immobilization will be required." B) "Since helmets should never be removed, the AEMT must be creative in providing care around the obstacle of a helmet." C) "Any patient wearing a helmet should have it removed so the airway and breathing can be properly assessed." D) "It is acceptable to leave the helmet on a patient if the patient has no airway or breathing problems."

Answer: D - "It is acceptable to leave the helmet on a patient if the patient has no airway or breathing problems."

For which one of the following patients involved in a motor vehicle collision is the use of a vest-type short immobilization device indicated? A) 15-year-old girl complaining of neck and back pain who was self-extricated and is standing next to the car B) 25-year-old restrained driver who is unresponsive and has a history of diabetes C) 41-year-old man who was ejected and is lying supine in the roadway complaining of back pain D) 33-year-old woman in the backseat who states that her neck hurts and she has a headache

Answer: D - 33-year-old woman in the backseat who states that her neck hurts and she has a headache

Which of the following mechanisms of injury would MOST likely cause a deceleration injury resulting in a pulmonary contusion? A) A patient receives a bullet wound from a .22 gauge shotgun B) A patient is struck with a baseball bat C) A patient receives a knife wound to the thorax D) A patient's thorax strikes a steering wheel

Answer: D - A patient's thorax strikes a steering wheel

Which of the following is helpful in determining the severity of abdominal injury? A) Clinical exam findings B) Mechanism of injury C) Patients complaint D) All of the above

Answer: D - All of the above

The AEMT recognizes that the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities lies approximately: A) At the level of the umbilicus B) Above the twelfth thoracic vertebrae C) Below the twelfth rib D) At the fifth intercostal space

Answer: D - At the fifth intercostal space

________ is a major cause of death in traumatic injuries. A) Head injury B) Internal abdominal bleeding C) Hypovolemic shock D) Blunt thoracic trauma

Answer: D - Blunt thoracic trauma

An elderly patient has fallen down a flight of stairs and is complaining of neck and back pain as well as weakness to both legs. The primary assessment reveals no life threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. Manual inline spinal stabilization is being maintained. Which of the following should the AEMT do next? A) Apply high-flow oxygen and move to the stretcher for transport B) Place a cervical collar and immobilize to the long spine board C) Place an oral airway and begin positive pressure ventilation D) Complete the secondary assessment looking for injuries

Answer: D - Complete the secondary assessment looking for injuries

You are on the scene of a shooting. Your assessment reveals a 23-year-old man who has been shot twice. The first wound is to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen and is actively bleeding. The second wound is to the left lateral chest and makes a sucking sound every time the patient takes a breath. The initial action of the AEMT should be which one of the following? A) Place direct pressure over the abdominal gunshot wound B) Place the patient on high-flow oxygen with a nonrebreather fire mask C) Obtain a sterile dressing and cover the chest wound D) Cover the chest wound with a gloved hand

Answer: D - Cover the chest wound with a gloved hand

You are treating a patient with an abdominal evisceration. You should: A) Replace the protruding organs, cover with a dry sterile dressing, and an occlusive dressing B) Do not replace the protruding organs, cover with a dry sterile dressing, and an occlusive dressing C) Replace the protruding organs, cover with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline, and an occlusive dressing D) Do not replace the protruding organs, cover with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline, and an occlusive dressing

Answer: D - Do not replace the protruding organs, cover with a sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline, and an occlusive dressing

A patient suffering blunt trauma to the abdomen has a lacerated liver. Which one of the following represents the MOST immediate threat to life? A) Pain B) Infection C) Peritonitis D) Hemorrhage

Answer: D - Hemorrhage

A patient is being extricated from a car using a vest-type short immobilization device. After the patient has been extricated, the AEMT should: A) Secure the patient and vest-type short immobilization device in a supine position on the stretcher with the feet elevated B) Place the patient in a semi-Fowler's position on the stretcher for transport to the hospital C) Remove the vest-type short immobilization device and secure the patient to a long backboard D) Immobilize the patient with the vest-type short immobilization device to a long backboard

Answer: D - Immobilize the patient with the vest-type short immobilization device to a long backboard

Which of the following MOST accurately depicts the chest wall movement in a patient with flail segment? A) Inward with both inspiration and expiration B) Inward with expiration and outward with inspiration C) Outward with both inspiration and expiration D) Inward with inspiration and outward with expiration

Answer: D - Inward with inspiration and outward with expiration

When a victim at a MVC is found to be standing outside of the vehicle and requires immobilization, the AEMT should: A) Place cervical collar, stabilize the cervical spine, seat on backboard and secure B) Manually stabilize the c-spine, apply cervical collar, and carefully seat patient on board C) Stabilize cervical spine, place KED, move to board and secure D) Manually stabilize the c-spine, place collar, and perform standing takedown

Answer: D - Manually stabilize the c-spine, place collar, and perform standing takedown

While at a public pool obtaining a refusal from a patient who was stung by a bee, you hear screaming. Patrons are waving you over to a 13-year-old boy who hit the diving board with his head while diving and is now in the water motionless. The lifeguard is in the water and informs you that the patient's eyes are open and he is breathing with a pulse, but not talking. Which one of the following should you do next? A) Position the boy upright against the lifeguard with inline spinal precautions observed during removal from the pool B) Instruct the lifeguard to carefully float the boy to the side of the pool so you can assess and immobilize him C) Have the lifeguard quickly remove the patient from the pool so assessment and emergency medical care can be given D) Pass a cervical collar and long board into the water to immobilize the patient prior to extrication from the water

Answer: D - Pass a cervical collar and long board into the water to immobilize the patient prior to extrication from the water

You have just arrived on the scene of a very serious motor-vehicle collision. EMRs have rapidly extricated an unresponsive female from the driver's seat. The EMRs report that she was unrestrained and struck the steering wheel with her chest and abdomen. As you start the primary assessment, you note that she has snoring respirations and is breathing shallowly at a rate of 24 breaths per minute. Which one of the following should you do next? A) Obtain her vital signs B) Start positive pressure ventilation C) Immobilize her to the backboard D) Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver

Answer: D - Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate prehospital management for a patient with flail segment? A) Placing IV fluid bags on the chest B) Placing a sandbag that weights at least 15 pounds on the injured side C) Needle decompression D) Positive pressure ventilation

Answer: D - Positive pressure ventilation

A teenage boy was found by friends as he attempted to hang himself in a garage using chains suspended from the ceiling. As you approach, you note that the patient is conscious, struggling to breathe, and has contusions from the chains to both the anterior and posterior portions of the neck. After taking inline spinal stabilization and opening the airway, the AEMT's next action should be to: A) Logroll him onto a long board B) Size and apply a cervical collar C) Perform a secondary assessment D) Provide positive pressure ventilation

Answer: D - Provide positive pressure ventilation

As you are treating a patient who has had blunt trauma to the chest, during transport, oxygen saturation is falling and the patient is experiencing hemoptysis. Lung sounds are clear and equal bilaterally, but diminished due to painful breathing. You suspect: A) Simple pnuemothorax B) Cardiac tamponade C) Tension pnuemothorax D) Pulmonary contusion

Answer: D - Pulmonary contusion

A motorcyclist wearing a full helmet was thrown from his motorcycle after hitting a patch of oil. The bike had been traveling at a high rate of speed. Manual inline spinal stabilization is being held by an off-duty AEMT. The primary assessment reveals the patient to be responsive to painful stimuli and breathing rapidly. His radial pulse is weak and fast. As you quickly scan his body, you note deformity to the left femur and lower leg. Your immediate action should be to: A) Place a nonrebreather face mask B) Expose his left lower extremity C) Apply a cervical collar D) Remove his helmet

Answer: D - Remove his helmet

You are treating the victim of a shooting who has an open chest wound that has been covered by an occlusive dressing. You notice the patient is now anxious, short of breath, and tachycardic. Your next action should be: A) Insert a supraglottic airway rapidly B) Defibrillate at 200J if heart rate exceeds 200 bpm C) Establish large-bore IVs and administer fluid D) Remove the occlusive dressing

Answer: D - Remove the occlusive dressing

A patient with a history of COPD experiences a sudden onset of sharp chest pain. Your exam reveals an anxious patient who is breathing rapidly, and has diminished breath sounds to the left lower lobe of the lung and midline trachea. The patient has MOST likely experienced a: A) Sucking chest wound B) Flail segment C) Tension pnuemothorax D) Simple pnuemothorax

Answer: D - Simple pnuemothorax

A male patient fell 20 feet from a cliff to a trail below. The primary assessment shows him to be confused, with an open airway and shallow breathing. His pulse is 72 beats per minute and his blood pressure is 78/50 mmHg. The skin is warm and flushed. The patient has no motor ability or sensation in his legs. Which one of the following is the MOST likely cause of this patient's presentation? A) Hypoglycemia B) Internal bleeding C) Hemorrhagic shock D) Spinal injury

Answer: D - Spinal injury

A patient has suffered an abdominal evisceration. There is no evidence of spinal injury. How should you place the patient on the stretcher? A) Semi-Fowler's, to promote adequate breathing B) Prone, to maintain pressure on the abdomen C) Lateral recumbent with legs extended D) Supine, with knees flexed to his chest

Answer: D - Supine, with knees flexed to his chest

Which of the following BEST explains why positivepressure ventilation is the correct management step for a patient with flail segment? A) The positive pressure limits any movement of the thorax, thus allowing only the unaffected side to be ventilated B) The positive pressure accentuates movement of the thorax inward, reducing the movement of the fracture site and moving the flail segment with the chest C) The positive pressure permanently inflates the flail segment in order to maximize oxygenation D) The positive pressure displaces the thorax outward, reducing the movement of the fracture site and moving the flail segment with the chest

Answer: D - The positive pressure displaces the thorax outward, reducing the movement of the fracture site and moving the flail segment with the chest

Which of the following statements about tension pnuemothorax is FALSE? A) Lung collapse will occur on the side of the injury B) Hypotension will occur when venous return is impaired C) JVD occurs when the vena cava becomes crimped D) Tracheal deviation is the most prevalent and common sign of tension pnuemothorax

Answer: D - Tracheal deviation is the most prevalent and common sign of tension pnuemothorax

A flail segment occurs when: A) Mechanism of injury involves penetrating trauma B) A tension pnuemothorax has occurred C) At least two ribs are broken during a blunt trauma incident D) Two or more ribs are broken in two or more places

Answer: D - Two or more ribs are broken in two or more places