3871 prepU quiz Perfusion
A nursing student is caring for one of the nurse's assigned cardiac clients. The student asks, "How can I tell the difference between sinus rhythm and sinus bradycardia when I look at the EKG strip" The best reply by the nurse is which of the following? -"The only difference is the rate, which will be below 60 bpm in sinus bradycardia." -"The P waves will be shaped differently." -"The QRS complex will be smaller in sinus bradycardia." -"The P-R interval will be prolonged in sinus bradycardia, and you will have to measure carefully to note the width."
-"The only difference is the rate, which will be below 60 bpm in sinus bradycardia." All characterestics of sinus bradycardia are the same as those of normal sinus rhythm, except for the rate, which will be below 60 in sinus bradycardia.
A patient's ECG tracing reveals an atrial rate between 250 and 400, with saw-toothed P waves. The nurse correctly identifies this dysrhythmia as which of the following? -Atrial flutter -Atrial fibrillation -Ventricular fibrillation -Ventricular tachycardia
-Atrial flutter The nurse correctly identifies the ECG tracing as atrial flutter. Atrial flutter occurs in the atrium and creates impulses at a regular atrial rate between 250 and 400 times per minute. The P waves are saw-toothed in appearance. Atrial fibrillation causes a rapid, disorganized, and uncoordinated twitching of atrial musculature. The atrial rate is 300 to 600, and the ventricular rate is usually 120 to 200 in untreated atrial fibrillation. There are no discernible P waves. Ventricular fibrillation is a rapid, disorganized ventricular rhythm that causes ineffective quivering of the ventricles. The ventricular rate is greater than 300 per minute and extremely irregular, without a specific pattern. The QRS shape and duration is irregular, undulating waves without recognizable QRS complexes. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as three or more PVCs in a row, occurring at a rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
The nurse is teaching a beginning EKG class to staff nurses. As the nurse begins to discuss the the parts of the EKG complex, one of the students asks what the normal order of conduction through the heart is. The correct response would be which of the following? -Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers -AV node, SA node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers -SA node, AV node, right and left bundle branches, bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers -SA node, AV node, bundle of His, the Purkinje fibers, and the right and left bundle branches
-Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers The correct sequence of conduction through the normal heart is the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.
A 66-year-old female client is having cardiac diagnostic tests to determine the cause of her symptoms. In her follow-up visit to the cardiologist, she is told that she has a dysrhythmia at a rate slower than 60 beats/minute. What type of dysrhythmia did the tests reveal? -Sinus bradycardia -Atrial bradycardia -Heart block -None
-Sinus bradycardia Sinus bradycardia is a dysrhythmia that proceeds normally through the conduction pathway but at a slower than usual (≤60 beats/minute) rate. Sinus bradycardia is a slower than usual (≤60 beats/minute) heart rate.
Your client has just been diagnosed with a dysrhythmia. The client asks you to explain normal sinus rhythm. What would you explain is the characteristic of normal sinus rhythm? -Heart rate between 60 and 150 beats/minute. -Impulse travels to the atrioventricular (AV) node in 0.15 to 0.5 second. -The ventricles depolarize in 0.5 second or less. -The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the impulse.
-The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the impulse. The characteristics of normal sinus rhythm are heart rate between 60 and 100 beats/minute, the SA node initiates the impulse, the impulse travels to the AV node in 0.12 to 0.2 second, the ventricles depolarize in 0.12 seconds or less, and each impulse occurs regularly.
The nurse caring for a patient with a dysrhythmia understands that the P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents what phase of the cardiac cycle? -Atrial depolarization -Early ventricular repolarization -Ventricular depolarization -Ventricular repolarization
Atrial depolarization The P wave represents atrial depolarization. The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization. The T wave represents ventricular repolarization. The ST segment represents early ventricular repolarization, and lasts from the end of the QRS complex to the beginning of the T wave.
When the nurse observes an ECG tracing on a cardiac monitor with a pattern in lead II and observes a bizarre, abnormal shape to the QRS complex, the nurse has likely observed which of the following ventricular dysrhythmias? -Ventricular bigeminy -Ventricular tachycardia -Premature ventricular contraction -Ventricular fibrillation
Premature ventricular contraction A PVC is an impulse that starts in a ventricle before the next normal sinus impulse. Ventricular bigeminy is a rhythm in which every other complex is a PVC. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as three or more PVCs in a row, occurring at a rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. Ventricular fibrillation is a rapid but disorganized ventricular rhythm that causes ineffective quivering of the ventricles.
A 26-year-old client is returning for diagnostic follow-up. Her Holter monitor strip reveals a heart rate with normal conduction but with a rate consistently above 105 beats/minutes. What type of dysrhythmia would you expect the cardiologist to diagnose? -Sinus tachycardia -Sinus bradycardia -Supraventricular tachycardia -Supraventricular bradycardia
Sinus tachycardia Sinus tachycardia is a dysrhythmia that proceeds normally through the conduction pathway but at a faster than usual rate (100 to 150 beats/minute). Sinus tachycardia is the dysrhythmia with a faster than usual heart rate (100 to 150 beats/minute).