3rd psych test

A psychic detective is consulted by the Metro city police department for 100 missing person cases. Of these cases, 50 bodies are ultimately discovered. Before discovery, the psychic claimed that 31 of these bodies would be discovered close to water. After the bodies were discovered, it was determined that 17 of the bodies the psychic predicted would be close to water were, indeed, within 500 m of a body of water. That means the psychic had...

14 false alarms

Given normal vision, the absolute threshold for seeing a candle flame on a clear night is _____ miles.

30

By the age of _____, the average maximum frequency detected is below 15,000 Hz.

40

The frequency which is not audible to the human ear is ____.

50,000 Hz

The wavelength of green light is approximately:

500nm

Which of the following best exemplifies the concept of perceptual constancy?

As a shadow passes over your newspaper, you know that the color in the full-page advertisement you are reading is not actually changing.

How did Hubel and Wiesel discover that some cortical neurons respond to seeing lines of a specific orientation?

By inserting electrodes into single cells in the visual cortex of cats

Another term for this structure is "tympanic membrane."

Eardrum

Professor Scherschel had to receive painful steroid injections in her neck to help treat her cervical radiculopathy (inflammation that causes pain and numbness in the arm and hand). According to what you learned about social support and pain, which of the following situations would have helped her experience the least amount of pain possible?

Holding her boyfriend's hand

_____ allow you to recognize all the words of this sentence and aid in helping you to understand the meaning of this sentence.

Hypercomplex cells

Please match the description with the appropriate refractive error: occurs when the retina focuses an incoming object past the retina

Hyperopia (farsightedness)

the fovea of the eye:

Is the central part of the retina where the cones are concentrated

Some animals, like bees, are able to see ultraviolet light energy. What is true of ultraviolet light?

It has a shorter wavelength than violet light

Electronic voice phenomena (EVP) is a claim by parapsychologists that spirit voices can be detected in random radio noise. Dr. James conducts an experiment with a spiritualist and a skeptic to determine if EVP can be reliably detected by the spiritualist. Both subjects are presented with 100 five-second sound clips, where 50 of the sound clips contain a very weak voice signal and the other 50 clips contain random noise. You might expect that the spiritualist would have...

More false alarms than the skeptic

Please match the description with the appropriate refractive error: occurs when the retina focuses an incoming object in front of the retina

Myopia (nearsightedness)

Which of the pathways below accurately represents the path that visual information takes once in the brain?

Optic nerve -> optic chiasm -> lateral geniculate nucleus -> visual cortex

Some types of hearing loss are associated with decreased motion of the bones in this structure.

Ossicles

Researchers have discovered that smelling a specific, familiar scent can unfortunately trigger anxiety and panic in individuals with _____.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Maynard placed a red golf tee in the green grass then looked away. When he looked back, he could no longer see the tee. What type of colorblindness does Maynard have?

Protanopia

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding rods?

Rods are most receptive to light-and-dark contrast.

Vibrations from a guitar string cause changes in air pressure that arrive in a person's ear. What has happened?

Sensation of the guitar

During the Would You Fall for That? episode, most individuals didn't notice the change, but some did. For example, one young woman noticed immediately that Scott had been replaced by Nick. Which of the statements below best examples why she didn't fall prey to change blindness?

She was motivated to pay attention.

Professor Scherschel has cervical radiculopathy, or a pinched nerve in the neck that can cause pain, numbness, or weakness radiating into the arm. Although it's fun to say this disorder's name, it's unfortunately led to near permanent numbness in her left pinkie and ring finger. If she did the nerve length difference demonstration with her left pinkie finger touching her right pinkie finger, what would she most likely experience?

She'd experience a stronger sensation in her right pinkie finger.

_____ above 85 dB is enough to cause hearing damage.

Sound amplitude

Let's say that people can reliably detect a difference in the heights of two people who are 5'7" and 5'8" - virtually 100% of the time when asked to compare these heights. Why is it so much easier to notice a difference of 1" when comparing a stack of three 1" high blocks to a stack of four than it is to notice the 1" difference between 5'7" and 5'8"? Which statements below follow from an understanding of just-noticeable differences (JND) and Weber's law?

The difference between 5'7" and 5'8" exceeds the JND somewhat. In comparison, the difference between 3" and 4" far exceeds the JND. Although the Weber fraction for height is a constant, the JND in inches, is larger for the people's heights than for the stacks of blocks.

The frequency of a sound is _____

The number of waves that pass in one second.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The seriousness of the miss or false alarm depends on the situation.

Select al the statements about the demonstration in the video above that are true. (ref 4.A.3 video)

The weight of the book relative to the backpack was equal or greater than the just-noticeable difference. The weight of the book relative to the hockey bag was less than the just-noticeable difference. For Evie to notice that something had been added to her hockey bag, it would have to be heavier than te book that they used.

The smell of something burning reminds you that you forgot to set the timer on the stove. What has happened?

Transduction of a burning smell

Sugar activates TAS1R2 receptors on your tongue, triggering action potentials, and sending nerve impulses to the brainstem. What has happened?

Transduction of the taste of sugar

What does a cochlear implant do?

Transmits sound information to an electrode array surgically implanted in the cochlea that stimulates the auditory nerve.

What was the take-home point psychologist Brian Wansink made after he had ABCnews interns taste-test "strawberry"-flavored yogurt?

We are much less taste sensitive than we think we are.

If a rare genetic disorder causes you to have no tactile corpuscles in your skin, which of the following would be true:

You wouldn't be able to perceive light touch against your lips and fingertips.

Due to the color-opponent system, if you viewed a red patch for a long time (causing the red cones to become adapted), what would happen if you then looked at a blank surface?

You'd see a green afterimage.

One of the world's brightest flashlights is "The Torch" - in fact, the light energy it produces is so powerful that it can fry an egg, or start a fire, in just a few seconds. Which of the following aspects of The Torch's light is so powerful?

amplitude

Every time Rachel Herz smells a skunk, she becomes happy and remembers her grandmother. This happens because sense neurons in the nose have a direct link to the _____.

amygdala

Please match the description with the appropriate refractive error: occurs when light focuses on two points in the retina rather than just one

astigmatism

A complex tone with multiple frequencies causes peak vibration of the basilar membrane...

at places along the cochlea associated with each of the frequencies.

The Rinne test is based on the fact that, in normal hearing, air (through the auditory canal) conducts sound ________ bone (through the mastoid).

better than

A psychology professor decides to play a practical joke on a colleague in the history department. While the historian is giving a lecture on the first day of class, the psychology professor interrupts and asks to speak with her outside the classroom. While they are conversing, all of the students leave through a back door and are replaced with a completely new group of students. Upon returning, the history professor continues her lecture without noticing that the students are different, illustrating:

change blindness.

Which perceptual grouping principle is demonstrated by this image?

closure

The location where auditory vibrations are transduced into neural activity.

cochlea

You are at a loud gathering, talking to a friend. The noise of the chatter is nearly deafening, but all of a sudden you hear your name spoken above the noise. This is known as the _____.

cocktail party effect

Complex cells, like _____, recognize a simple pattern, such as the letter U.

cognitive demons

In the United States, hearing loss is a _____ disorder.

common

The eternal debate of whether or not the dress below is white and gold or blue and black is due to the varying _____ one was in when they first viewed the image.

context

In this image, you see two straight arrows that are overlapping, instead of two bent arrows, because of which perceptual grouping principle?

continuity

The _____ is the protective covering of the eye.

cornea

You're sitting in the backyard with your family and your brother poked you on the arm and told you that your sister was calling your name, but when she called again it was clear she was actually calling your dad. Your response - before your brother poked you was a ____.

correct rejection

Your Dad just made banana bread and your sister says that she thinks she can taste cinnamon in the banana bread your Dad just made but you say that you can't taste it. You ask your Dad and he says that it doesn't have cinnamon in it. Identify your response.

correct rejection

This is the first structure to vibrate when stimulated by sound waves.

eardrum

Our bodies have natural painkillers called

endorphins

You're sitting in the backyard with your family and you thought you heard someone say your name, but you were wrong - they were calling your dad whose name sounds like yours.

false alarm

Your Dad just made banana bread and you tell your Dad that you think you can taste some cinnamon and your Dad says that it doesn't have cinnamon in it.

false alarm

According to Pandemonium Theory, the _____ would recognize single feature of the "I" from the word "IU."

feature demons

Neurons called _____ in the visual cortex analyze the retinal image and respond to aspects of shapes, such as angles and movements.

feature detectors

In the image below, do you see an old woman or a young woman? Which Gestalt principle is exemplifed in this image?

figure-ground

The part of the retina that has the highest visual acuity.

fovea

Which of the following is responsible for the transduction of sound information into neural information?

hair cells

Women are attracted to men whose body odor signals that they

have a genetically complementary immune system.

Far homes are higher

heigh-in-place

Fibers from the olfactory bulb go directly to the amygdala, which sends smell information to the hypothalamus, thalamus, and frontal cortex. The neural connections from the amygdala to the __________ may explain why smells can instantly evoke an emotional memory.

hippocampus

You're sitting in the backyard with your family and you thought you heard someone say your name and you were right! Your sister was calling for you.

hit

Your Dad just made banana bread and you tell your Dad that you think you can taste some cinnamon and your Dad says that you're right - he did add cinnamon to the loaf.

hit

A local sheriff is running for mayor. He claims that, while he was sheriff, he was able to apprehend the perpetrator for every crime that occurred in the city. His opponent, however, notes that the sheriff just apprehended everyone who met the description of the suspect for each crime. In other words, the opponent agrees that the sheriff has a high number of ______, but also has a high number of ______.

hits; false alarms

College students talking on cell phones while walking through campus were much less likely to notice a clown ride past them on a unicycle than students not talking on cell phones. This is best illustrating:

inattentional blindness.

As the size of an object increases, the value of the just-noticeable difference in pounds or inches _______.

increases

This boat blocks the view of the water taxi behind it

interposition

Radio waves have _________ than visible light.

larger wavelength

Accommodation occurs here

lens

When someone has cataracts, this part of the eye will become clouded.

lens

Temporal code explains how pitch is encoded for _____ frequencies.

low

Professor Scherschel had reconstructive jaw surgery during her junior year at IU. One side effect of the surgery is a decreased sensitivity of her olfactory neurons. Assuming you have a normal sense of smell, the amount of a scent needed to reach your absolute threshold is _____ than Professor Scherschel's absolute threshold.

lower

You're sitting in the backyard with your family and your sister was calling you, but you didn't hear her - your brother had to poke you in the arm before you noticed.

miss

Your Dad just made banana bread and your Dad asks if you can taste anything new in the banana bread and you say you can't, but your sister says that she thinks she tastes cinnamon and your Dad tells her she is right! Identify your response.

miss

An olfactory receptor neuron's terminal branches are in the _____.

olfactory bulb

The image below shows rays, waves, or energy (in red lines) coming into the eye, going out of the eye, or coming into the eye and going out at the same time. Which one shows how we see?

only light into the eye

The anvil is part of this structure.

ossicles

Vibrations on this membrane have been amplified by the bones in the middle ear.

oval window

The _____ states that we do not notice potential distractors when a primary task consumes all of our attentional capacity.

perceptual load model

Even though the cars at the end of the train look miniature, we know they are full-size due to

perceptual size consistency

During the final round of the US Barista Championship, Pete didn't notice getting a bad burn from steamed milk, because of gating signals originating in his

periacqueductal gray area.

The fact that different cells along the basilar membrane are stimulated by different frequencies of sound is most consistent with...

place code

When the iris enlarges, this part of your eye will become smaller.

pupil

When you walk from sunlight into a dark room, this part of your eye will become enlarged.

pupil

Further boats are smaller

relative size

The membrane where light is transduced into neural signals.

retina

The fact that you can easily recognize a picture of Mickey Mouse or Bart Simpson as that character, no matter what angle they are presented in during a cartoon, is an example of

shape constancy.

In this image, the circles might seem to form a pyramid because of which perceptual grouping principle?

similarity

_____ will activate in response to the horizontal line in the letter "I" from "IU."

simple cells

Your experience of "flavor" is a combination of taste and ______.

smell

If scalding coffee spills onto my hand, the location of the pain (my hand) and the type of pain (burning hot) are indicated by signals sent to my...

somatosensory cortex.

Tastant molecules in food bind to ______ on ______.

taste receptor cells / taste buds

The primary olfactory cortex resides in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

Ripples in water are evident here but not downstream

texture gradient

If we discover a new species with a larger portion of its somatosensory cortex dedicated to its ears, we can conclude...

the animal will have more sensitivity in its ears.

If you pay less attention to something...

the likelihood of inattention blindness increases.

the blind spot is

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there

If my hands are cold, and I pick up a lukewarm cup of coffee, the coffee will feel...

warmer than it actually is, because my hands were cold.

If someone has conductive hearing loss, the results of the Rinne test will be:

worse hearing through the pinna than the mastoid.