#4

Breast cancer is diagnosed in about every __ in __ women.

1 in 8

Chemotherapy wastes include, but are not limited, to expired drugs, aborted dosages, contaminated personal protective equipment, and material used to clean up a chemotherapy spill.

154 Electron monitor units can be calculated with the following formula: MU= Prescribed dose/ %dd x output x Cfs 180/(.9x1.3)

A patient is being treated with a source to surface distance (SSD) set-up to a depth of 6 cm. The percent depth dose at 6 cm is 0.695. If 180 cGy is prescribed to a depth of 6 cm, what is the dose at Dmax?

258.9 Gy given dose, or the dose at Dmax, can be calculated for patient fields when they are treated with an SSD set-up. To determine the given dose, take the prescribed dose and divide it by the %dd at the prescribed depth.

The BEST way to limit patient exposure to ionizing radiation while also delivering the best care clinically is by:

Decreasing time increasing distance, increasing shielding, and decreasing time are all effective ways of reducing patient exposure to ionizing radiation. However, the best way to reduce patient exposure and radiation dose while also maintaining ideal clinical imaging and treatment is by reducing time of radiation exposure.

Which of the following are categorized as chemotherapy wastes? Please select all that apply.

Expired drugs Aborted dosages Contaminated personal protective equipment Material used to clean up a chemotherapy spill Chemotherapy wastes include, but are not limited, to expired drugs, aborted dosages, contaminated personal protective equipment, and material used to clean up a chemotherapy spill.

The SI unit of absorbed dose is the:

Gray Absorbed dose is measured by the new SI unit, gray. The "old" unit is rad. For conversion purposes, 1 Gy is equal to 100 rad.

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) uses __________ planning.

Inverse IMRT uses inverse planning. This is where clinical objectives are outlined initially, then a computer program is used to determine the beam parameters for an optimal treatment.

A contrast media reaction that consists of chest and/or abdominal pain, chills, severe vomiting, dyspnea and excessive urticaria of the face and/or larynx would be classified as a/an:

Moderate reaction Moderate reactions are those that require some form of treatment , but there is no serious danger for the patient and response to treatment is usually rapid. Minor reactions are those that usually require no treatment, such as nausea, retching, and vomiting. Severe reactions are those in which there is fear for the patient's life and intensive intervention is required: syncope, convulsions, pulmonary edema, life threatening cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac and/or respiratory arrest.

Cisplatin and carboplatin can produce dose-limiting factors such as __________.

Myelosuppression Nephrotoxicity Vomiting

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters over thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs)?

OSLs are smaller in size. Optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeters and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are both useful for measuring radiation exposure. OSLs contain a unique ID number that assists in tracking results and minimizes risk of error. OSLs are also more sensitive to lower levels of radiation than TLDs due to the use of aluminum oxide crystals inside the monitor. Additionally, OSLs can be read in a shorter period of time than TLDs. OSLs, however, are larger than TLDs.

Which of the following is an example of noncoplanar beam arrangement?

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Thoracostomy tubes:

are used to drain the intrapleural space and the mediastinum

A small photon-intensity element that divides an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) beam is a:

beamlet Beamlets are used to subdivide the beam for calculation purposes in step and shoot, or segmental MLC IMRT.

Tissue-to-air ratio (TAR) is independent of:

distance TAR is dependent on depth (TAR decreases with increased depth), field size (TAR increases with increased field size) and energy (TAR increases with increased energy).

All of the following are reasons for safety data sheets in the hospital EXCEPT:

for patient instruction about proper use during examinations Safety data sheets are not for patients or consumers, but for the employees who could be working with the hazardous or potentially hazardous materials.

A type of shock associated with loss of blood or tissue fluid.

hypovolemic This term does not refer to cardiac disorders such as myocardial infarction, or damage to the upper spinal cord, nor sepsis, deep anesthesia, or anaphylaxis.

As source to surface distance (SSD) increases, the percent depth dose:

increases Percent depth dose increases as SSD increases. A Mayneord factor must be used in these cases to compensate for the extended distance.

Which of the following is a common site of metastasis for esophageal cancer? Please select all that apply.

liver brain bone

Which of the following is NOT as common a metastatic route for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)?

lung Acute lymphocytic leukemia can spread very quickly into the blood stream and then to other parts of the body. The most common routes of metastasis include the lymph nodes and distantly metastasizes to the liver, spleen, central nervous system and testicles.

Treatment billing codes may be based on which of the following? Please select all that apply.

number of fields complexity of treatment photon energy

Which of the following is an example of a moderate physiologic reaction to contrast media?

protracted vomiting Moderate reactions usually require medical management but are not life-threatening unless allowed to progress. Moderate physiologic reactions include protracted nausea and vomiting, hypertensive urgency and isolated chest pain.

A patient is admitted to the hospital and after the initial assessment, the patient has been determined to be a fall risk. What are some steps that can be taken to ensure the patient's safety? Please select all that apply.

pt. education using identification systems to alert staff having staff assistance with transferring the pt. as needed

Urinary catheters:

should be kept below the level of the bladder It's important to keep urine from refluxing back into the bladder.

Risk factors for head and neck cancer include which of the following? Please select all that apply.

smoking alcohol use viruses Tobacco, both smoking and nonsmoking tobacco, is a risk factor for head and neck cancer. Alcohol also increases the risk, especially combined with tobacco. Additional risk factors include radiation exposure, viruses (Epstein-Barr, Human papilloma virus, Herpes simplex virus), genetics (Bloom syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome) and occupational exposure to dust and fumes.