4 study guide.
Other instances in which an apostrophe is used:
1) The word is a single-letter word such as... -I earned all A's on my report card. -There are four i's in Mississippi. 2) It is a date with the initial numbers cut off such as... -Ming was born in '93. -Rock music underwent a transformation in the '60s.
Read the passage below carefully and then choose the correct answer. Beware the ides of March. The word in bold means (10 points)
15th
Apostrophes transform words by making them into possessives or contractions.
A contraction combines two words and leaves out one or two letters. Examples of contractions include: will not --> won't do not --> don't are not --> aren't we will --> we'll I am --> I'm it is --> it's you are --> you're Think of the apostrophe as the letter that was removed when the two words were combined. When you need to decide if you should use an apostrophe, begin by asking yourself: Is the word owning or possessing something? If the answer is yes, you usually need an apostrophe.
Rule: If the possessor is singular and ends in -s, add -'s to the word.
Example: James's new car glistened after being washed and waxed. Explanation: The -'s tells us that James owns the car. Practice: We could not wait to see ____ attempt to create an award-winning haunted house. Charles's ^
Rule: If the possessor is a compound noun, use the -'s after the second name only if both entities own the same thing.
Example: Marta and Stefan's project was incredibly creative. Explanation: There are two people that possess the project, but only the second person has the -'s added to his or her name. Practice: Everyone on the basketball team went over to ____ house Tim and Tariq's
Rule: There is always one exception to the rule in the English language! If the word "it" is possessive, an apostrophe is NOT used. Instead, simply add an -s to indicate possession.
Example: The Labrador licked its wounded paw. Explanation: It's" always translates to "it is." If the word "it" is possessive, it does not contain an apostrophe. The apostrophe in "it's" does not indicate possession. Instead, it tells readers that the word is a contraction of it and is. Practice: The student body cast ____ vote in the end-of-year elections its ^
Rule: If the possessor is a plural and does not already end in -s, then add -'s to the possessing word.
Example: The local women's club hosted a community fundraiser every year. Explanation: Women" already tells us that there is more than one woman, so the word needs an -'s added. Other plural words that do not end in -s include men, children, geese, mice, etc. Practice: The ____ museum had its grand opening last week. children's ^
Rule: Add an -'s to indicate possession if there is only one possessor.
Example: The student's idea for a concert generated a great deal of excitement. Explanation: The position of the apostrophe tells us that there is only one student who came up with this idea. Practice: The technology ____ stocks improved with the announcement of its new product. company's ^
Rule: If the possessor is plural (more than one) and ends in an -s already, then add the apostrophe after the existing -s.
Example: The students' ideas for a concert generated a great deal of excitement. Explanation: The position of the apostrophe tells us that there are multiple students who came up with this idea for a concert. Practice: In the 1800s, ____ ivory tusks were sold for jewelry. elephants' ^
Rule: Sometimes the additional -s sound is awkward, especially if the word ends in an EEZ sound. In this case, you may choose to omit the additional -s and use only the apostrophe.
Example: Ulysses' pride was the cause of many of his trials. Explanation: Ulysses's is equally correct, but because it adds several "s" sounds, we can choose to use only the apostrophe at the end of his name to indicate his possession of something. Practice: ____ belief in his students was obvious to anyone who spent time with him. Mr. Hercules'
Which of the following is an example of a false dichotomy? (10 points)
Identifying only two options and ignoring others 0
The apostrophe communicates important information.
It tells our readers that a word is possessive or that the word is a contraction of two words.
An apostrophe can be a punctuation mark or a rhetorical device in which someone or something that is not present is addressed.
Some well-known examples include: "O Muse! Sing the song of Achilles ... " "O death! Where is thy sting?"
14. (LC) Read the passage and answer the question that follows: Despite our best efforts as parents, we will always make mistakes in raising our children. It's inevitable. There are so many decisions to be made in any given day, week, month, or year. It's an inhuman task to make all of these decisions correctly. Who would even want to try for perfection? We shouldn't worry too much, though, because it is precisely our mistakes that teach our children the most about life. Life is full of mistakes, obstacles, and trouble. Shielding our children from these by striving for perfection in our own parenting does them no favors. Given this, a parent might be tempted to give up trying to make good decisions and simply let the chips fall where they may. Admittedly, that attitude is not without its benefits, but it goes too far in the other direction. Children are much more observant than we think, but often draw the wrong conclusions from what they observe. If we give up trying to make the right decisions, they might get the message that we don't care about their future. We can take comfort in this much: we teach our children even when we're not trying to. That doesn't mean we should stop trying to do our best, to make the right decisions whenever possible. It just means that we shouldn't beat ourselves up when we make mistakes. Either it won't matter because it's something small, or it just might build some character in our children, a commodity that will serve them well. "Despite our best efforts as parents, we will always make mistakes in raising our children" The word despite is a transition that (5 points
indicates a relationship.
