4113 Exam 1 Study (mine)

What happens at the Sprint Review? (KNOW THIS!)

It's at the *end* of a sprint; potentially shippable/*working features* are demoed. Any stakeholder can come, and should give *feedback*. The team then incorporates this feedback in the next sprint. (KNOW THIS!)

What happens at the Sprint Retrospective? (KNOW THIS!)

It's at the *end* of a sprint; the team talks about what went *right*, *wrong*, and what could be done *better* in the next sprint. Only team members attend (not all stakeholders). This can include a *happiness metric* so the Scrum Master can know and keep up the happiness of the team. (KNOW THIS!)

What is *time boxing*?

It's where you set a certain amount of time to complete an activity, no matter what. (e.g., 15min meetings, 2 week sprints) It's used in most Agile approaches, and referred to as an "iteration" in some cases.

What is the "Shu" stage of Shu Ha Ri?

Learning the basics

What is the "Ri" stage of Shu Ha Ri?

Mastery; knowing it so well that you can artfully break the rules

What does MVP stand for?

Minimum Viable Product (Gets the product with the minimum acceptable # of features to the customer ASAP, so they can give you feedback)

What is *Net Present Value* (NPV)? (You will NOT have to calculate this on the exam.)

NPV is a method to calculate the *present-day* value of all the costs and savings *throughout the life of the project*. Each estimated cash inflow/outflow is *discounted* back to its present value, then added up. Positive NPV = meets minimum requirements Negative NPV = automatic rejection (You will NOT have to calculate this on the exam.)

What does the OODA loop stand for?

Observe, Orient, Decide, Act

Routine, repetitive work, along with business processes, are NOT ____.

Projects

Where is the word "scrum" originally from?

Rugby

*Why* should a Scrum Team be cross-functional?

So that the team is never stuck being unable to progress when 1 person can't show up (There should be no "kickers"--i.e., people who are only good at 1 thing)

Who "owns" the Product Backlog?

The Product Owner

Who performs these 5 tasks in a scrum team? 1. Sets the *vision* 2. Manages the *backlog* 3. Elaborates on *features* 4. Decides *release dates* 5. *Reviews* work

The Product Owner

Who decides which features are important, and which aren't? (KNOW THIS!)

The Product Owner (KNOW THIS!)

Who prioritizes the product backlog? (KNOW THIS!)

The Product Owner (KNOW THIS!)

Who performs these 5 tasks in a scrum team? 1. Facilitates 2. Protects 3. Coaches 4. Teaches 5. Administers

The Scrum Master

Who facilitates ceremonies in Scrum? (KNOW THIS!)

The Scrum Master (KNOW THIS!)

Who is responsible for making the Scrum team better, happier, and more efficient? (KNOW THIS!)

The Scrum Master (KNOW THIS!)

Definition of *project management*

The application of *knowledge*, *skills*, *tools*, and *techniques* to project activities, in order to meet project requirements.

Traits of a *program*

The associated change is *wide-ranging* and designed to achieve a *common* goal or strategic business objective (most important criterion) Multiple deliverables Timescale is loose and flexible Complex and multi-disciplinary Scope is fluid; dynamic changes are expected

Who gets to give the estimates in planning poker?

The developers *only* (Not the product owner nor the scrum master)

Why is it better to let developers choose what they'll do each sprint, rather than being told what to do?

The developers are more *committed* and more *motivated* when they choose what they'll do each week. (However, they should choose from the top of the product backlog, not just wherever they want).

Agile was born out of ____ _____ ____ _____ ______.

The failures of traditional methods

In Scrum, what is *planning poker*? (KNOW THIS!)

The process of assigning story points to each user story. (KNOW THIS!)

Why do we not like the Chaos Report? (KNOW THIS!)

They (erroneously) paint a poor picture of IT's ability to complete projects successfully (KNOW THIS!)

In Scrum, what are *story points*? (KNOW THIS!)

They are the team's estimate of how much time and effort each feature will take to create. They are assigned, via planning poker, to each story. (KNOW THIS!)

What was the deal with *Palm Pilot*? What did we learn from them?

They found that it took them *24 times* longer to correct errors if the errors were fixed 3 weeks later instead of immediately. The takeaway: *find and fix errors ASAP*, or they'll take way longer to fix

What does it mean for a scrum team to be *full-time*?

They should not be working on multiple projects at a time

In Scrum, what is an *epic*? (KNOW THIS!)

This is a user story that is too big and complicated to be understand and broken down (i.e., estimated and inducted into the sprint) yet. (KNOW THIS!)

What is the *payback model*?

This is the amount of time it takes you to get your money back (i.e., "recover the project investment"). Shorter payback = better. Problems: ignores the time value of money, doesn't consider how the investment performs after it breaks even

In Scrum, what is *velocity*? (KNOW THIS!)

This is the number of story points the team has completed in a given sprint. (KNOW THIS!)

In Scrum, what is *sprint zero*? (KNOW THIS!)

This is the work needed to get to the 1st sprint. (KNOW THIS!)

The product backlog is prioritized, meaning that the features that *deliver the most value* should be at the ______.

Top (of the product backlog)

The *paradigms* of *traditional* vs. *agile* project management

Traditional: *predictive* (try to predict everything up front) Agile: *empirical* (welcomes change; iterative; observe & react)

True or False: Agile embraces change

True

True or False: The entire team needs to be present in order to conduct planning poker (KNOW THIS!)

True (It can be considered the "most important ceremony", at least in this class) (KNOW THIS!)

True or False: The *product backlog* and the *priority* of the items in it can be changed at any time.

True (The *sprint backlog* CANNOT; it is locked in once the sprint starts)

Traits of a *project*

Unique, One-time, Non-routine, Has beginning and end

List the *4 tenants of the Agile Manifesto* (KNOW THIS!)

We value... *1. Individuals and interactions* over processes and tools *2. Working software* over comprehensive documentation *3. Customer collaboration* over contract negotiation *4. Responding to change* over following a plan (KNOW THIS!)

In Scrum, what is *spiking*? (KNOW THIS!)

When a story is too large/complex to be estimated, a "spike" is an amount of time devoted to learning more about the story (usually the technical aspects of it), so it can be estimated. (KNOW THIS!)

What does WIP mean? (KNOW THIS!)

Work In Progress (KNOW THIS!)

What should the Scrum Master do after the daily scrum standup? (KNOW THIS!)

Work to *remove the impediments* mentioned by the team (KNOW THIS!)

What does Sutherland say about multitasking?

"Multitasking makes you stupid" (Which is why you should limit WIP)

What does *Kanban* literally mean?

"Tracking chart" / "Tracking board"

The "core"/"heart" of Scrum is _______. The "core"/"heart" of Kanban is ______.

(The "core"/"heart" of Scrum is) *sprints*. (The "core"/"heart" of Kanban is) *the tracking board*. (i.e., visualizing your workflow)

What are the 3 types of projects, from a corporate/organizational view?

*1. Compliance* projects (required, bare minimum) *2. Strategic* projects (follow company's dream/strategy) *3. Operational* projects (improve operations... kinda boring)

What are the *2 types of selection criteria* for projects?

*1. Financial*: determined by payback, NPV, etc. *2. Non-financial*: strategic importance to the firm

What are the 2 types of criteria in a multi-weighted scoring model?

*1. Must-haves*: if a project doesn't have this factor, it should be eliminated *2. Wants*: weighted criteria

The *3 governing entities* we discussed in class who give certifications

*1. Project Management Institute* (global, largest, most recognized) *2. Scrum Alliance* (largest agile entity) *3. AXELOS* (popular in UK)

The 2 dimensions of the project management process

*Technical* and *Sociocultural* (sociocultural = people and organizational aspects)

What does it mean for a Scrum Team to be *cross-functional*?

1. As a team, they cover all areas 2. As individuals, each person can cover all areas

What are the 4 steps of the iterative process (in Agile)?

1. Build 2. Deploy 3. Learn (from feedback) 4. Repeat

What 6 qualities should user stories have?

1. Independent (make sense independent of other stories) 2. Negotiable 3. Valuable 4. Estimable 5. Small 6. Testable (you can know when it's done)

What are the *3 artifacts* of scrum which we discussed in class?

1. Product backlog 2. Sprint backlog 3. Burn down / burn up chart

What does the Product Owner do in planning poker?

1. Reads the stories 2. Answers any questions about the stories

What were the Chaos Report's criteria for project success? (KNOW THIS!)

1. Schedule 2. Money 3. Scope If a project fails on any of these 3 criteria, Chaos automatically considers it a failure (KNOW THIS!)

What were Ambler's 5 criteria for project success? (KNOW THIS!)

1. Schedule 2. Money 3. Scope 4. *Quality* (added by Ambler) 5. *Staff* (added by Ambler) (KNOW THIS!)

What are the *4 ceremonies* of scrum which we discussed in class? (KNOW THIS!)

1. Sprint Planning 2. Daily Standup 3. Sprint Review 4. Retrospective (KNOW THIS!)

What are the 3 rules of Kanban? (KNOW THIS!)

1. Visualize workflow (via the tracking board) 2. Limit WIP 3. Measure flow (KNOW THIS!)

What are the *3 things* each team member states at the daily scrum standup?

1. What I did yesterday 2. What I'm going to do today 3. Any impediments I have

How long should the *daily scrum standup* last?

15 minutes

_______ percent of a product's value usually comes from _______ percent of the features.

80 (percent of a product's value usually comes from) 20 (percent of the features.)

If you're trying to ensure your project gets picked, which of the 3 types should it be?

A *compliance* project (because compliance projects are required to be done)

Definition of a *program* (KNOW THIS!)

A group of *related projects*, designed to accomplish a *common goal* over an extended period of time (KNOW THIS!)

In Scrum, what is a *user story*? (KNOW THIS!)

A user story is a feature, put into this format: "As a [role], I want [some goal], so that [some reason]." (KNOW THIS!)

What is the "Ha" stage of Shu Ha Ri?

Adding your own flair

What was the deal with the *FBI Sentinel Project*?

After 9/11, the FBI tried and failed for years to implement a system that could better coordinate information (and therefore better predict terrorist attacks). When they got rid of Lockheed Martin (their old partner) and started using Scrum, they finally started producing working features within a month.

The *incremental*, *iterative* process is what makes _____ what it is.

Agile

Who is Ambler?

Ambler wrote the 2007 report that challenged the Chaos report's findings on project success. The Chaos report has, for a long time, found IT projects to be extremely prone to failure. Ambler challenged this by identifying different criteria for "success" and which were actually important to stakeholders.

How is Scrum like Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu?

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu transformed UCF; it was so effective that anyone who wanted be in UCF from that point on had to learn it. Scrum transformed software development in the same way. (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu accepts that the fight going to the ground is inevitable; Scrum accepts that change is inevitable.)

What is the *multi-weighted scoring model*?

Come up with attributes and give each attribute a value based on its importance. Then rate each project on those attributes and use the weighted sums to determine which is best. (It's the thing we did with the Disney movies.)

In Scrum, what is *DoD*? (KNOW THIS!)

DoD stands for "Definition of Done"; each user story has a DoD so the team knows when it's good enough to stop working on it. (Once it meets DoD, resist the temptation to come back to it!) (KNOW THIS!)

What's the formula for *payback period* (in years)?

Estimated project cost / Annual savings

True or False: Agile doesn't require planning

False (Agile DOES require planning)

True or False: Scrum can only be used for business purposes

False (It can be applied to military, home construction, education, and personal purposes--almost anything, really)

True or False: Agile is easier than traditional project management

False (It's not necessarily easier)

True or False: The Scrum Master manages the scrum team

False (Scrum masters don't "manage", ever)

True or False: Generally, spending more time estimating will result in more accurate estimates

False (Spending more time on an estimate won't necessary translate to more accuracy)

True or False: The Scrum Master is the Scrum equivalent of a Project Manager. (KNOW THIS!)

False (The SM does NOT manage, i.e., they don't tell others what to do.) (KNOW THIS!)

True or False: A login screen would be a good candidate for the top of the product backlog

False (The top should be what provides the most value; no one ever says the reason they use an app is its login screen)