425 final

List ways that noun phrases expand during language development

1. Appositives o Dr. Millar, the department chair, works so hard 2. Elaborated subjects o Dogs, such as golden retrievers, labradoodles, and shih-tzus, are at the shelter 3. Postmodification via prepositional phrases o The coaches knew that the runner in the outside lane would win the race 4. Postmodification via nonfinite verb o The next thrower to compete would win the combine event.

list ways verb phrases expand during language development

1. Modal auxiliary verbs o They should have done some studying instead of sleeping 2. The perfect aspect o They had been hiking all day when the rains began 3. The passive voice o The survivor player was blindsided by his alliance 4. The past tense counterfactual o If she had completed all of the learning challenges, she would have gotten an A

Define neutral vs. Non-neutral derivations

1. Neutral = words that don't undergo phonetic change when a derivational morpheme is added 2. Nonneutral = words that undergo phonetic change

list the discourse genres

1. Play 2. Conversation 3. Narrative 4. Expository 5. persuasive

list narrative microstructure elements

1. Words, types of words, types of sentences that are used in stories (think syntax, grammar, vocabulary, etc) 2. Complex sentences (subordinating conjunctions) 3. Use of adverbs 4. Use of elaborated noun phrases 5. grammaticality

Know the four types of contexts for vocabulary words and what they mean

1. directive- gives you what you need maybe directly 2. general- puts you in the ball park 3. nondirective- doesnt giveyou a lot of info to infer off of 4. misdirective- context would lead you to be confused as there would be no context

how many episodes are in this passage? how do you know? One morning, Angel was home getting ready for school. She gathered everything together so that she wouldn't be late. After she made her lunch, she looked for her big blue backpack, but she couldn't find it! Angel felt frustrated because she was going to be late for school. Angel decided to put everything in a plastic bag. When Angel put her notebook that was bloated with papers in the bag, the bag ripped. Now she was really upset. She decided to get mom's help. She told mom, "Help! I can't find my backpack." Angel's mom asked, Have you checked the van?" Angel darted to the van, and her backpack was inside. She was so relieved that she was going to make it to school with her stuff. From then on, she kept her backpack in her room.

2 because the first consequence led to another initiaing event to start the story grammar process over again.

change a sentence from active voice to passive voice

?

what is nominalization? give an example

A verb or adjective functioning as a noun example: explanation, choice, carelessness, production, discovery

Explain how the development of spoken and written expository discourse evolve across development

Early Expository Discourse Development · Can generate (very) rudimentary expository language around kindergarten · Can understand that expository passages are different from narrative language · Lack sophisticated vocabulary to cover complex or abstract concepts Later Expository Development · Expository language is a good bridge on the oral-to-literate continuum · In later school age, increased ability with "literate lexicon" · Gradual increases in sentence length, correctness and subordination skills Oral > written at first, but into HS and adulthood, written > oral

explain gradability of an adjective

Gradability · measurable or can be used to encode degrees o e.g., tall, old, funny · if you can use very, it's probably gradable o it's very simple · nongradable—cannot be used with "very" grammatically o it's very extinct

Explain why slang may fall out of fashion or favor

Often, when it starts to permeate the world outside that peer group, the original developers often stop using it and May no longer be considered "cool" because it was meant to be more of a class word/phrase to be shared between certain people and if individuals they dont like/find uncool start to use it they no longer feel it is special

identify whether a story would be easier or harder on the narrative difficulty continuum

Oral (longer sentences) > written at first, but into HS and adulthood, written (longer sentences) > oral

identify the story elements of one of the episodes: One morning, Angel was home getting ready for school. She gathered everything together so that she wouldn't be late. After she made her lunch, she looked for her big blue backpack, but she couldn't find it! Angel felt frustrated because she was going to be late for school. Angel decided to put everything in a plastic bag. When Angel put her notebook that was bloated with papers in the bag, the bag ripped. Now she was really upset. She decided to get mom's help. She told mom, "Help! I can't find my backpack." Angel's mom asked, Have you checked the van?" Angel darted to the van, and her backpack was inside. She was so relieved that she was going to make it to school with her stuff. From then on, she kept her backpack in her room.

Setting: home, getting ready for school Initiating event: couldn't find backpack Internal response: was frustruated Plan: look for backpack Attempt: tried to put stuff in plastic bag Consequence: bag ripped

is this sentence passive or active? rewrite to make it the other voice: Ivan hurt his hand

active passive would be: Ivan's hand got hurt

is this passive or active? rewrite the sentence to make it the other voice: The stressed seniors completed the project

active passive would be: the project was completed by the stressed seniors

these are examples of __________ register · informal · may include "nonstandard grammatical forms", incomplete sentences, etc · used with familiar partners who are most likely friends/peers · no complex explanations, topics move and shift, but aren't too personal

casual

what subtype of expository discourse would this be: Explain how the red scare changed the behavior of Americans in the US

cause/effect

define executive functioning

collection of cognitive skills used to perform goal-directed behaviors

what subtype of expository discourse would this be: How are narrative and expository discourse alike? How are they different?

compare/contrast

these are examples of ________ register o more formal between a doctor and patient o less formal between a cashier and a customer

consultative

which discourse genre(s) are recommended for school age children?

conversation with adult, narrative (story retell/story generation), some expository

generate words by adding inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes

derivational: Electric- electrician (adjective to noun) Retaliate- retaliation (verb to noun) Create- creative (verb to adjective) Like- dislike (same p.o.s., different meaning) inflectional: -ed, plural -s, present progressive -ing, etc (started, starting, running, runs..)

what subtype of expository discourse would this be: Describe your favorite teacher growing up

descriptive

do expository discourse matching quizlet

do other quizlet

· Stars begin their life cycle with different masses. A star's mass determines how long its life cycle will last and how it will die. Stars with mass less than 5 times that of the sun are called low mass stars. Most stars are in this group · A low mass star begins its life cycle as a main sequence star. Over a period of billions of years, its supply of hydrogen is slowly changed by nuclear fusion into helium during this time, the star changes very little · Can you find? An elaborated noun phrase Technical vocabulary A passive construction Long distance between a subject and a main verb nominalization pronominalization

elaborated noun phrase: stars with mass less than 5 times that of the sun, a low mass star tecnhical vocab: low mass stars, hydrogen, helium, nuclear fusion passive construction: its supply of hydrogen is slowly changed by nuclear fusion into helium long distance between subject and main verb: stars with mass less than 5 times that of the sun are called low mass stars. nominalization: N/A pronominalization: it, its

what subtype of expository discourse would this be: List the 6 types of expository discourse

enumerative

Explain the problems with dictionary definitions and what to do instead

for dictionary definitions, Sometimes words in the definition are hard to understand too and not helpful toward learning. instead use child friendly definitions, apply the word to their life, do activities with the word, etc 1. Don't pick random words. Your words should be PART of something theyre encountering (e.g., a book you're reading, so you can contextualize them) 2. Keep students actively saying the word and engaging with the word 3. Use a student friendly definition 4. Have them interact with the word repeatedly 5. You can move beyond those individual words and teach members of their families (e.g., like we talked about last week)

these are examples of ________ register o essays in school o lectures o professional meetings (e.g., board meetings)

formal

these are examples of _______ register: o pledge (e.g., pledge of allegiance) o recitations in a religious service or ceremony o wedding vows (some of them) miranda rights

frozen

Explain how word knowledge can be shallow or deep

if i knew a word shallowly, I could have seen or heard it but if i knew the word in depth, I could use it in thought and discourse and define it

list narrative macrostructure elements

includes: setting initiating event internal response plan attempts consequence

Explain the importance of using diverse materials to support language

individuals are more likely to engage with a text and learn from it when they can relate to the character(s) in the book or relate the materials being used to their culture

these are examples of __________ register: · personal topics · things you wouldn't want to talk about in public · not just romantic · could be with close with friends, family, romantic partners, etc · occurs in relative private · strengthens personal connections

intimate

Explain why it's problematic to refer to a dialectal difference as improper

it adds judgement to the way an individual talks and implies that there is only one correct way to speak

explain the importance of morphology as a binding agent between language form and language meaning

morphology is the binding agent between semantics, orthography, and phonology. cues about sounds, meaning, and how they should be written. english is morphophonemic

which discourse genre(s) are recommended for adolescents?

narrative (story retell/generation), expository, persuasive

examples of neutral and non-neutral derivations

neutral: Lke --> dislike, home --> homeless nonneutral: Apply --> application, study --> studious

what is the topic, vehicle, and ground of a metaphor?

o Topic (thing you're comparing) o Vehicle (thing you're saying it is) o Ground (shared features)

is "beat around the bush" a transparent or opaque idiom?

opaque

is "paint the town red" a transparent or opaque idiom?

opaque

describe the continuum of narrative difficulty

oral < written retell < generation personal < fictional pictures < no pictures

is this sentence passive or active? rewrite to make it the other voice: The cat was chased by the dog

passive active would be: the dog chased the cat

is this sentence passive or active? rewrite to make it the other voice: The phone was answered by the secretary

passive active would be: the secretary answered the phone

which discourse genre(s) are recommended for preschool children?

play and some conversation with adult

explain the difference between pragmatics and metapragmatics

pragmatics is being able to do the rules and metapragatics is being able to identify the violations of the rules and explain how to fix/follow the rules

what subtype of expository discourse would this be: Identify the problems with diversity in the field of SLP and ways that we can reduce the inequity in access to SLP education

problem/solution

what subtype of expository discourse would this be: Document the methods of your research study as you conducted them step-by-step

procedural

what is pronominalization? give an example

replacing a noun or noun phrase with a pronound example: writing "they" instead of "the group of people"

List components of executive functioning

response inhibition proximal skills distal skills

what is the topic, vehicle, and ground of this metaphor: "the stars were diamonds in the sky"

topic: the stars in the sky vehicle: diamonds ground: sparkly

is "go by the book" a transparent or opaque idiom?

transparent

is "hold your tongues" a transparent or opaque idiom?

transparent

Distinguish between earlier developing executive functioning skills and later developingexecutive functioning skills

varies by individual but response inhibition usually occurs first and metacognition last

identify first, second, and third pronouns

· 1st person (singular or plural)- I, me, our, we · 2nd person (singular or plural)- you, yours, y'all · Third person (singular or plural)- he, she, they, them

Compare and contrast the terms accent and dialect

· Accent= a unique mode of sound production that is influenced by a speaker's native language (key differences: phonology, prosody, stress, etc) · Dialect= a variety of language that is similar to the form "spoken by the majority" but differs in the use of certain elements (e.g., morphology, syntax, pragmatics as well as phonology can be affected)

describe animacy of an adjective

· Adjectives that can go with something that is either animate or being anthropomorphized o Example: happy, annoyed, tired o We know that if we describe something with adjectives like these, we know that the thing being described is likely living or can engage in action · Not animate: o Alone, metal, etc

explain subjectivity of an adjective

· Expressing an opinion or view (one that someone may disagree with) · Subjective adjectives examples: o Fun, delicious, difficult · Not (as) subjective adjectives: o Plastic, yellow, empty, etc

Compare and contrast inflectional and derivational morphemes

· Inflectional morphemes: usually suffixes that relate to the syntactic function of the word (e.g., change the number, tense, aspect, possession, etc) · Sometimes called "grammatical morphemes" o -ed, plural -s, present progressive -ing, etc · Derivational morphemes: change the semantic role (e.g., part of speech and/or meaning)

explain temporal endurance of an adjective

· Is this descriptor temporary or enduring (permanent)? · Temporary examples: o Sleepy, tired, hungry, angry o Will go with "is currently" or "was yesterday" · Enduring examples: o American, introverted, coniferous o Wont work with "is currently" or "was yesterday"

describe the developmental sequence of transparent and opaque idioms

· Kempler (1999) compared literal sentences with 4 choices to idiomatic sentences with 4 choices in 3-19 year olds · Literal sentences reached ceilings around age 8 · For the idioms, below chance at 3 years old · Increased to 40% accuracy at 8 years old · Idiom knowledge didn't ceiling until age 15 · No evidence of age related decline (studied 20s-80s)

what are tier 2 words? give some examples, be able to identify from a passage

· Tier 2 words are useful (especially in written language, will support knowledge of the text in which you find it) · Tier 2 words will be understandable (able to discuss in kid-friendly terms, or would be relatable) examples: hilarious, endure, despise, arrange, compare, contrast, common, faith, perform, delicious