472

11. All of the following statements related to exposure to the HIV are correct EXCEPT which one? The latest U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) guidelines emphasize the importance of. A prompt reporting of expert management of occupational exposures B. adherence to the recommended HIV PEP regimen C. follow-up of exposed HCP to including careful monitoring for adverse events related to PEP and for virologic, immunologic, and serologic signs of infection D. modified patient-care responsibilities of exposed CP based solely on evidence of HIV exposure

D

12. All of the following statements related to exposure to measles, mumps, or rubella are correct EXCEPT which one? ) A. If measles, mumps, or rubella exposure occurs in a healthcare setting, all case-patient contacts should be evaluated immediately for presumptive evidence of measles, mumps, or rubella immunity. B. Exposed HCP without evidence of immunity to the measles virus should be offered the MMR vaccine and an intramuscular dose of immune globulin (IG). C. Exposed HCP without evidence of immunity should be offered the MMR vaccine; however, antibodies develop slowly to the mumps component of the vaccine to provide effective prophylaxis after exposure. D. There is strong evidence that postexposure vaccination is effective in preventing rubella infection.

D

15. All of the following statements related to exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) are correct EXCEPT which one? A. HCP should obtain a baseline tuberculin skin test (TST), preferably a two-step TST, at the beginning of employment. B. HCP with a negative TST, in case of unprotected occupational exposure, are susceptible to infection. C. HCP with a previously negative TST or BAMT who subsequently have a positive TST result (a reaction 25 mm) or a positive BAMT result should be evaluated for treatment of LTBI. D. An exposed person may develop latent TB infection (LTBI), which is asymptomatic but highly infectious.

D

1. All of the following statements are correct with reference to occupational exposure of healthcare personnel (HCP) EXCEPT which one? A. Healthcare facilities should have the organizational infrastructure that promotes a seamless response following an occupational exposure of HCP. B. The term HCP refers to all paid and unpaid persons working in healthcare settings who have the potential for exposure to blood and OPIM. C. The term HCP include emergency medical service personnel, dental personnel, laboratory personnel, nurses, nursing assistants, physicians, technicians, therapists, pharmacists, and students and trainees, D. The term HCP does not include persons not directly involved in patient care (e.g., clerical, dietary, housekeeping, security, maintenance, and volunteer personnel).

A

16. All of the following statements are related to C/ostridium tetani, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, or Bordetella pertussis are correct EXCEPT which one? A. Following exposure to C. tetani, no PEP is indicated; exposed HCP should be monitored closely and human tetanus immune globulin (TIG) should be administered at the first sign(s) of illness. B. HCP in close contact with patients with diphtheria should be administered PEP, i.e., a dose of diphtheria toxoid booster Td) and antibacterial agents. C. HCP exposed to B. pertussis should receive PEP, i.e., antibacterial prophylaxis within 21 days of exposure when (1) at high risk of developing severe pertussis or (2) when close contact with patients at high risk is anticipated. D. If there is an increased risk of pertussis in a healthcare setting, evidenced by documented or suspected healthcare-associated transmission of pertussis, revaccination of HP with Tap should be considered.

A

17. HCP with close or lengthy contact with a patient with meningococcal disease are considered at increased risk of infection and should receive PEP, I.e., antibacterial prophylaxis. A. True B. False

A

5. An exposure that might place HCP at risk for HAls with bloodborne pathogens (i.e., infection with hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or human immunodeficiency viruses) may include a percutaneous injury, e.g., needlestick or cut with a sharp object contaminated with blood or OPIM; direct contact of ocular, nasal, or oral mucous membranes with blood or OPIM; direct contact of nonintact skin, e.g., dermatitis, or chapped or abraded skin with blood and OPIM. A. True B. False

A

8. After exposure to a blood borne pathogen, all of the following elements regarding presentation for a post exposure evaluation are true, EXCEPT for one. Which one is the exception? A. Present within 2 days of the exposure incident B. Present with the incident report C. Present with all available information about the source person D. Present with HCP's OSHA-mandated medical record maintained by the employer

A

14. All of following statements related to exposure to the influenza viruses are correct EXCEPT which one? A. It is strongly recommended that HCP be vaccinated annually. B. An antiviral drug for PEP is recommended following healthcare-associated exposure to the influenza viruses. C. PEP with either oseltamivir or zanamivir, 1 dose daily for 10 days, is effective if initiated before the onset of illness. D. Watchful waiting and early treatment (when signs and symptoms of infection appear) with an antiviral agent is preferred to PEP. ) E. Antiviral agents, i.e., oseltamivir and zanamivir appear to be effective against both influenza A and B viruses.

B

18. It is common for contacts of patients with S. pneumonia infection to develop pneumococcal infection; PEP with an effective antibacterial agent is recommended. A. True B. False

B

19. Which of the following statements in reference exposure to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is incorrect? A. MRSA is primarily transmitted by direct contact with an infected skin lesion; less frequently by contact with contaminated articles and environmental surfaces. B. PEP is highly recommended for HCP. C. Exposed HCP should be monitored for skin lesions. D. Incision and drainage and adjunctive antibacterial coverage are the first step in treating purulent skin infections.

B

3. All of the following statements related to a source person are correct EXCEPT which one? A. The source person may be a patient, another HP, a visitor to the healthcare facility, or a house-hold member. B. A person with asymptomatic acute or chronic infections, in general, is non-infectious and does not qualify as a source person. C. The source person may have acute infection or may be transiently or chronically colonized by pathogenic organisms D. The source person with an acute or chronic infection may be asymptomatic.

B

4. All of the following statements are correct with reference to postexposure management strategies EXCEPT which one? A. All HCP should be familiar with postexposure management strategies such as procedures for proper wound care. B. In a dental office, postexposure evaluation, initiation of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and postexposure follow-up is the responsibility of the dentist. C. PEP is any preventive medical treatment, e.g., administration of vaccines, immune globulins, or antibacterial agents. D. PEP started in a timely manner after exposure to a pathogenic virus or bacteria is intended to prevent infection and the development of disease,

B

10. All of the following statements related to exposure to the HV are correct EXCEPT which one? A. Immune globulin (IG) and antiviral agents are not recommended for PEP after exposure to HCV- positive blood or OPIM. B. No guidelines exist for the prevention of acute HV infection. C. Data indicate that antiviral therapy is not beneficial even when initiated early during an acute HCV infection. D. Recommendations for postexposure evaluation and follow-up are intended to achieve early diagnosis of HCV infection.

C

13. All of the following statements related to exposure to the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are correct EXCEPT which one? A. If VZV exposure occurs in a healthcare setting, all case-patient contacts should be evaluated immediately for presumptive evidence of immunity. B. All susceptible HCP exposed to the VZV should receive PEP with two subcutaneous doses (4-8 weeks apart) of the varicella-zoster vaccine (Varivax). C. Women exposed to the VZV at any stage of pregnancy should receive the varicella-zoster vaccine (Varivax) no later than 96 hours of an exposure. D. Susceptible CP exposed to the VZV for whom the vaccine is contraindicated should be administered varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG).

C

20. All of the following statements in reference to exposure to the hepatitis A virus (HAV) are correct EXCEPT which one? A. The HAV is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route, either person-to-person, i.e., close personal contact with an infected household member or sex partner, or consumption of contaminated food or water. B. HCP with close personal contact with HAV-infected patients should be tested for anti-HA. C. Anti-HA-positive HCP who have not been vaccinated previously should be administered PEP within 24 hours after an exposure. D. PEP may be a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine or immune globulin (IG).

C

6. All of the following segments related to wound care are correct EXCEPT which one? A. Percutaneous wounds and nonintact skin that have been in contact with blood or OPIM should be washed with soap and water. B. Mucous membranes that have been in contact with blood or OPIM should be flushed with water. C. Using antiseptics (e.g., chlorhexidine) for wound care or expressing fluid by squeezing the wound have been shown to reduce the risk for infection. D. Injecting antiseptics or disinfectants into a wound and the application of caustic agents (e.g., bleach) is not recommended.

C

9. All of the following statements related to HBV PEP are correct EXCEPT which one? rces A. HBV PEP should be initiated as soon as possible (preferably within 24 hours) after exposure. B. HBIG and the first dose of the HepB vaccine (if indicated) can be administered simultaneously. C. The HepB vaccine should never be administered in the deltoid muscle. • D. Expert counseling is recommended for susceptible HCP exposed to the HBV.

C

2 All of the following statements related to an exposure that might place HCP at risk for HAls are correct EXCEPT which one? The transfer of pathogenic organisms from a source to a host may be the result of A. direct contact transmission B. indirect contact transmission C. respiratory transmission, i.e., inhalation of droplets or droplet nuclei (airborne transmission) D. droplets and droplet nuclei are only generated by medical/dental devices, such as high-speed handpieces, ultrasonic instruments, or by lasers and electrosurgical units

D

7. The content of an occupational exposure report should Include the date and time of exposure and A. details of the procedures being performed B. details of the exposure C. type of exposure D. history of high-risk behavior of the healthcare worker (other than occupation)

D