5. Final Exam Review HIS 131
How can we best summarize the state of native civilization north of Mexico at the time of contact with Europeans?
Lacking in European technologies, natives north of Mexico nonetheless engaged in far-reaching trade and communications.
The revolt against British rule by Indians of the Ohio Valley in great lakes, known as Pontiacs rebellion
Led Britain to issue the proclamation of 1763
The development of rice plantations in South Carolina
Led the colony to become the first mainland colony with the black majority and caused a growing divide to exist between white and black
Which was not an element in Leisler's Rebellion (1689)?
Leisler's success meant French domination of New York.
Which of the following was true of poverty in the colonial period?
Limited supplies of land, especially for inheritance, contributed to poverty.
Which was a result of the 1861 attack on Fort Sumter?
Lincoln succeeded in making the South fire the first shot.
A seventeenth-century colonial woman who believed she was cheated out of money would have the best chance of having her case heard if she lived in
New Amsterdam
A seventeenth-century colonial woman who believed she was cheated out of money would have the best chance of having her case heard if she lived in:
New Amsterdam
A seventeenth-century colonial woman who believed she was cheated out of money would have the best chance of having her case heard if she lived in
New Amsterdam.
The Jesuit religious order was particularly influential in
New France
Acoma was an Indian city in present-day ________ that the Spanish destroyed.
New Mexico
The Dutch primarily settled in:
New York and New Jersey
John Smith
One of Jamestown's first leaders, whose autocratic rule alienated many of the colonists; returned to England after being injured by a gunpowder explosion in 1609.
Which of the following statements about Spanish America is true?
Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African.
Which action by British Parliament was labeled an "Intolerable Act" by Americans?
Parliament empowered military commanders to lodge soldiers in private homes.
At the first Continental Congress, who declared, "I am not a Virginian, but an American"?
Patrick Henry.
After conquests ended and settlements were built, who stood atop the social hierarchy in Spanish America?
Peninsulares.
The colony founded by a leader who hoped women and blacks would be given equality along with all persons was:
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way?
Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.
The colony founded by a leader who hoped women and blacks would be given equality along with all persons was
Pennsylvania.
In the 18 century Texas in California were
Peripheral to the Spanish empire, when compared to possessions in Central and South America, and the Caribbean
In the mid-eighteenth century, colonial America's leading commercial port and cultural center was
Philadelphia
In the mid-eighteenth century, colonial America's leading commercial port was:
Philadelphia
What happened in the seventeenth century when land ran out for slave plantations in Barbados?
Plantation owners acquired landholdings in the Carolinas
Which of the following is true of eighteenth-century slavery in South Carolina and Georgia?
Plantation slaves enjoyed far more autonomy than they did in other colonies, allowing them to maintain more of their African culture.
Which of the following statements is true of the 18 century slavery in South Carolina and Georgia
Plantation slaves enjoyed far more autonomy than they did, in other colonies, allowing them to maintain more of their African culture
Nathaniel Bacon
Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia Colony
Which type of publication first began to be produced in the late 1820s?
"alternative" newspapers, such as labor and abolitionist publications
What was the context in which groups such as the Levellers and Diggers arose?
Political unrest to the point of a civil war.
The country first explored the Atlantic coast of Africa in the 1400s, and soon established plantation slavery in Africa
Portugal
Which country first explored the Atlantic coast of Africa in the 1400s, and established slave colonies in Africa.
Portugal
Eighteenth-century migrants included Scottish and Scotch-Irish, who were mostly
Presbyterians
John Peter, zinger, libel tribe
Probably would not have ended in his acquittal if he had attacked the assembly rather than the governor
What statement is true of suffrage in the 18th century American colonies
Property ownership was the most important qualification in colonial voting laws
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina:
Proposed a feudal society in the New World complete with hereditary nobility.
England sought to attract which of the following to its American colonies in the eighteenth century?
Protestants from non-English parts of the British Isles.
William Penn's effort to shape Pennsylvania into a colony governed by the principle of equality of all persons was primarily influenced by his
Quakerism
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded:
Quebec
Which of the following lists the events in proper chronological order, from first to last?
Quebec founded; the Dutch settle Manhattan; Pueblo Revolt
Which statement is true about slavery in the Chesapeake region?
Race became increasingly important, social division
What is true about race in the mid-nineteenth-century United States?
Race replaced class as the boundary between men who enjoyed political freed
In the Chesapeake region slavery
Rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680
What statement best characterizes religion in Europe on the eve of colonization?
Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order.
Which of the following was a key difference between republicanism and liberalism?
Republicanism stressed active participation in public life, while liberalism focused on individual rights that were essentially private.
Which of the following was a key difference between republicanism and Liberalism
Republicanism stressed, active participation in public life while liberalism focused on individual rights that were essentially private
Who celebrated active participation in public life by independent citizens?
Republicans
The Glorious Revolution of 1688:
Resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II's son would lead to a Catholic succession.
Carolina grew slowly until planters discovered what staple crop?
Rice
What staple was the key to making Carolina an extremely hierarchical society, ruled by the wealthiest elite in English North America?
Rice
Who founded Rhode Island?
Roger Williams
How did the enslaved 10 to pursue freedom in the American colonies in the 1700s
Running away to places they could pass as free
The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was:
Sant Fe.
The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was
Santa Fe
Which idea was shared by Denis and 18 century European
Scientific laws govern the natural order
Both Republican and they were all system of thought felt the foundation of freedom was
Security of property
Which of the following is a check against presidential power in the Constitution?
Senate can remove the president from office after he or she is impeached
Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century?
Settlers farming the land.
How did Pocahontas play a key role in Jamestown society?
She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders, transporting food and messages.
How did Pocahontas play a key role in Jamestown society?
She served as an intermediary between Powhatan and English leaders.
Which of the following statements accurately describes Anne Hutchinson?
She spoke openly of receiving divine revelations directly from God.
Which of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England, who reigned from 1553 to 1558?
She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.
What was culturally expected of a white middle-class woman in the period from 1800 to 1840?
She would find fulfillment by focusing her energies on her family and home.
What does the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" indicate about American politics in the nineteenth century?
Single-party rule did not result in the easing of sectional rivalries.
What was the most significant bonding factor for the diverse groups of Africans brought to the mainland colonies?
Slavery
What was key to making the enslavement of Africans an enduring economic and social institution in colonial America?
Slavery became perpetual, as the children of slaves were slaves too.
What was a result of the northern colonies' lack of a cash crop?
Slavery was not as integrated into the northern colonial economy as compared to the South.
What was a result of the northern colonies lack of cash crop
Slavery was not as integrated into the northern colonial economy as compared to the south
Which of the following factors was significant in creating three distinct African-American cultures in British North America by the mid-18 century
A range in American slaves proximity to white culture depending on the region
1741 panic in New York City that led to 34 executions was sparked by
A series of fires breaking out throughout the city
Which of the following is an example of what John Winthrop calls civil, federal, or moral liberty in his 1645 Speech to the Massachusetts General Court?
A wife's obedience to her husband as a form of honor
Which of the following was a characteristic of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation?
Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce.
Which of the following resulted from the European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the Western Hemisphere?
Crops new to each hemisphere reshaped people's diets and transformed the natural environment.
Deists concluded that the best form of religious devotion was to: a. read the Bible. b. attend revival meetings. c. worship in organized churches. d. study the workings of nature. e. appeal to divine grace for salvation.
D
Georgia was established by James Oglethorpe, whose causes included improved conditions for imprisoned debtors and the abolition of: a. indentured servitude. b. a hereditary system. c. taxes. d. slavery. e. property requirements for voting.
D
It is estimated that between __________ percent of adult white men could vote in eighteenth-century colonial British America. a. 5 and 10 b. 25 and 40 c. 33 and 50 d. 50 and 80 e. 75 and 90
D
The British Country Party: a. declined in popularity as England became an increasingly urbanized country. b. underwrote the expenses of a large number of migrants to the American colonies. c. opposed the power of the landed gentry in British politics. d. sought to stop corruption in British politics. e. required its leaders to dress in work clothes to promote the idea of being "of the people."
D
The French in North America: a. had a rapidly expanding empire, in large part because of the strong encouragement the French government gave to citizens wanting to move to the New World. b. made it a point to avoid competing with the British. c. won control of the Ohio Valley in the Seven Years' War. d. were greatly outnumbered by the British on the continent. e. were notorious for their poor relations with Native Americans.
D
The assumption among ordinary people that wealth, education, and social prominence entitled leaders to public office was called: a. liberalism. b. Lockeanism. c. Deism. d. deference. e. Suffrage.
D
The development of rice plantations in South Carolina: a. occurred only after the colony's planters unsuccessfully sought to cultivate tobacco, sugarcane, and indigo. b. required such large capital investments that Carolina's planters never became as wealthy as those in the Chesapeake region. c. would have proven impossible without the importation of thousands of European indentured servants to serve as a labor force. d. led to a black majority in that colony by the 1730s. e. is considered by most historians to be the most important cause of the Yamasee War.
D
The idea of liberalism in eighteenth-century British politics: a, had the same meaning as liberalism in twenty-first-century American politics. b. had mainly a civic and social quality. c. brought great wealth and power to its main voice, John Locke. d. was compatible with inequalities in wealth and well-being. e. prompted two eighteenth-century leaders, Joseph McCarthy and Hugh McCarran, to demand independence for Ireland.
D
What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? a. to end the slave trade b. to protect the Indians c. to open up more land for settlement d. to bring stability to the colonial frontier e. to prohibit Catholicism in the territory newly acquired from France
D
Which of the following statements accurately describe slavery in the north, in the 18 century
Slaves in the New England colonies were afforded significant rights, including the ability to testify against whites in court
Which of the following statements describes conditions experienced by those by the ship during the middle passage
Slaves were in humanely, crowded into very small spaces, and often change to the deck
Which one of the following statements describes conditions experienced by those aboard ship during the Middle Passage?
Slaves were inhumanely crowded into very small spaces and often chained to the deck.
Which belief would be typical of a paternalistic slave owner in the nineteenth century?
Slaves would be lost without the care and guidance of their owners.
Who were yeoman farmers in the mid 18th century
Small landowners, who usually farm their own land, and did not own slaves
During the American Revolution, what happened to the economy?
Some merchants hoarded goods.
How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom?
Some of them ran away or were disobedient to their masters.
Where was the Spanish settlement Santa Elena located?
South Carolina
The richest group of mainland colonists were
South Carolina planters.
Pueblo Indians lived in what is now:
Southwestern United States
The Black Legend described:
Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer
The black legend described
Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer
The Black Legend described
Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.
The reconquista was the reconquest of
Spain from the Moors.
According to Bartolomé de Las Casas...
Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent Native Americans in the New World
According to Bartolomé de Las Casas,
Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent Native Americans in the New World.
According to Bartolome de Las Casas,
Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World
According to Bartolomé de Las Casas:
Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.
Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America?
Spain introduced wheat as a crop.
The three European colonizing countries in North America in the seventeenth century were
Spain, France, the Netherlands.
In 1610, __________ founded the capital of New Mexico in __________, establishing the first permanent European settlement in the Southwest.
Spain/Santa Fe
By 1680, a sharp divergence in the conditions of African and English people in the Chesapeake had emerged. What is an indication of English North America's transformation from a "society with slaves" to a "slave society"?
The words "negro" and "slave" had become interchangeable.
Which of the following is true of the Puritans' dealings with Quakers?
Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them.
How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?
The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.
Which of the following statements accurately describes one of the advancements of the Inca kingdom?
The Incas developed a complex system of roads and bridges along the Andes mountain chai
Which was not part of the aftermath of King Philip's War?
The Iroquois, having attacked the colonists, were destroyed.
Unlike Spanish missionaries, the Jesuits did what in regard to converting Indians?
The Jesuits did not suppress traditional Indian religious customs.
Why did Maryland, a colony founded as a safe haven for Catholics, have so many Protestants living there by the 1640s?
The Maryland colony needed to attract skilled laborers in order to grow and thrive, and, at that time, most of Britain's laboring class, as well as people available for indentured service, were Protestant.
Which of the following was associated with the Intolerable Acts?
The Massachusetts Charter of 1691 was changed to curtail town meetings.
After exploring the Atlantic Coast in the late sixteenth century, an Englishman writes in his journal about untouched wilderness. What could this description mean to a European?
The Native Americans never used this area, so the land now belonged to the English.
An Englishman after exploring the Atlantic Coast in the late sixteenth century writes in his journal about untouched wilderness. What could this description mean to a European?
The Native Americans never used this area, so the land now belonged to the English.
Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century?
The Netherlands
What was one outcome of the seven years war in Pennsylvania
The Quaker elite lost power
What prompted many Germans to leave their homeland for North America?
The Reformation led Germans to practice a different religion from the prince and, thus, they suffered persecution.
Which of the following is a check against presidential power in the Constitution?
The Senate can remove the president from office after he or she is impeached by the House.
After what major event did the British government make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire?
The Seven Years' War.
How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans?
The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backward ways and introduce them to Christianity
What contribution did the Stamp Act episode make to the colonists' concept of liberty?
The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people's freedom.
What was one of the outcomes of the Stamp Act?
The Stamp Act Congress insisted that the right to consent to taxation was essential to people's freedom.
The idea of "American exceptionalism" that developed in the Revolutionary era refers to what belief?
The United States has a special mission to serve as a refuge from tyranny and a model of universal freedom for the rest of the world.
What was the result of the "Maryland Act Concerning Negroes and Other Slaves" in 1664?
The act solidified the idea that slavery was perpetual and demonstrated the power of the General Assembly.
The testimony of Bartolomé de Las Casas permits which of the following conclusions?
The atrocities of Spanish colonization are not just appalling in retrospect but shocked the conscience at the time.
Which of the following was true of agriculture in the colonies during the eighteenth century?
The backcountry farmland was the most rapidly growing region of the colonies.
Which of the following statements about poverty in eighteenth-century English America is accurate?
The colonial attitudes about poverty mirrored the attitudes in England, with the rich tending to blame the poor.
Which of the following was a result of the physical isolation of the British colonies from Great Britain?
The colonial elite experienced Anglicization.
What was an important political origin of the American Revolution?
The colonists criticized their lack of representation in Parliament.
Which of the steps was/were more important to the Spanish, when establishing their presence in California
The creation of missions and presidos
Prior to the introduction of rice, early colony of South Carolina was particularly centered on
The expert of Indian slaves to the Caribbean
Which of these factors contributed to a low number of French immigrants to North America
The feeling that the Americas were meant for exile
Which of the following statements accurately describes religion in New Netherland?
The government tolerated the practice of religion in private.
What was the great awakening at least in part a response to
The growth of rationalism and lack of individual engagement and church services
What was one reason for the high birth rate in farm families during the eighteenth century?
The independence of the small farmer depended to a great degree on the labor of children in his family.
William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because:
The king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.
In his 1762 in 1763 speeches. What does Pontiac portray as the wishes of the great spirit in the master of life I was told to the profit Neolon.
The military defeat of the white man
Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692?
The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others
Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692?
The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others in the colony as witches.
Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692?
The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others.
According to Document 2, "An Act Concerning Religion," what happens to a person in the colony of Maryland, who criticizes Jesus Christ or denies the existence of God? Link to online document: https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/colonial-religion/sources/605
The person will be put to death and his or her property will be confiscated by the Lords Proprietors of the Maryland colony.
Which of the following accurately describes South Carolina Stono rebellion
The rebellion sparked fears among whites and lead to severe tightening in the South Carolina slave code
What was one result of the great awakening
The revivals helped to expand the circulation of newspapers and pamphlets in the colonies
What right does Pontiac claim for the Indians in his 1762 and 1763 speeches
The right to occupy the land of their traditional territories
What did the British acquire from the Netherlands in the treaty of Utrecht of 1713
The right to transport slaves from Africa to Spain's New World colonies
What was the middle passage?
The second leg of transatlantic trade
Which of the following statements exemplifies how "freedom and lack of freedom" characterized seventeenth-century America?
The settlers' success involved depriving Native Americans of their land and enslaving large numbers of Africans
Why was slavery less prevailant in the northern colonies?
The small farms of northern colonies did not need slaves
Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies?
The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.
Why did Spain find it difficult to establish effective control over New Mexico, and Texas
The small number of Spanish citizens living in these locations
The first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was
The textiles
In 1500, Portugal owed its secure claim on Brazil primarily to
The vatican
Which of the following is true of the Puritans' dealings with Quakers?
Their officials in Massachusetts severely punished Quakers, even hanging several of them.
The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugar cane is called: A.globalization B. the Colombian Exchange C. the Great Circuit D. the Atlantic system E. trade
D. the Colombian Exchange
Which of the following is true of slave resistance in the colonial Chesapeake?
Despite obstacles, slaves continued to attempt to escape and resist authority.
The development of African-American cultures that synthesize diverse African cultures with European elements, and the conditions of enslaved peoples lives in America
Develop differently in each of the three north American slave systems
What was the purpose of scarouyadys 1765 speech to Pennsylvania provincial Cancel
Distinguish the oneida As a friend of white men, unlike other hostile tribes
"Salutary neglect" meant: a. providing little oversight of slaves engaged in the task system. b. colonial legislatures were supposed to meet only when absolutely necessary. c. failing to salute British officers was a punishable offense for colonists. d. the same thing that "child neglect" means today. e. British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves.
E
As slave society consolidated in the chesapeake region, what happens to free blacks? a. They retained the same rights because they were free. b. Their population grew rapidly through natural reproduction. c. The British government ordered the colonies to treat them better. d. They bought increasing numbers of plantations. e. They lost many of their rights.
E
The 1741 panic in New York City that led to thirty-four executions was sparked by: a. a series of murders. b. the seizing of the armory. c. a rally of boisterous Irish. d. the imprisonment of twenty free blacks. e. a series of fires.
E
The British concept of liberty: a. allowed for unrestrained government authority, since restraints would contradict the very idea of liberty. b. meant that liberty and power could be compatible. c. was a constant reminder to the British that their governmental system was not the best means of preventing absolutism. d. had no connections to how the British viewed their empire. e. included both formal restraints on authority and a collection of specific rights.
E
The English finally became successful in defeating the French in the Seven Years' War under the leadership of: a. George Washington. b. Edward Braddock. c. Robert Carter. d. John Locke. e. William Pitt.
E
The language of British liberty: a. was Latin and Greek, reflecting the emphasis that the educated upper class put on the subject. b. did not include the idea that the people had the right to protest government actions. c. excluded those outside the "political nation" (meaning those who voted or held office). d. allowed those outside of office to speak openly, but not to write down their views. e. was used by humble members of society as well as by the elite.
E
The task system: a. was the most widely used form of labor discipline in British North America. b. allowed slaves to own a portion of the land they worked. c. meant that slaves were strictly supervised and had little autonomy. d. was created by the South Carolina assembly in response to the Stono Rebellion. e. assigned slaves daily jobs and allowed them free time upon completion of those jobs.
E
Which one of the following did NOT contribute to the expansion of the public sphere during the eighteenth century? a. the establishment of literary and philosophical clubs b. widespread literacy c. the proliferation of newspapers and libraries d. the trial of John Peter Zenger e. the founding of the California missions
E
Which one of the following statements about slaves in the Chesapeake is FALSE? a. Slaves learned English. b. Slaves participated in the Great Awakening. c. Slaves were exposed to white culture. d. Slaves began to experience family-centered communities. e. Slave communities remained distinctly African in culture.
E
What geographic error did Columbus make? A. He grossly underestimated the size of the earth. B. He thought the earth was not round, but flat. C. He was certain that India was east of the Americas. D. He expected the weather in India to be the same as in the North Atlantic. E. He confused the Atlantic Ocean with the Indian Ocean
E. He confused the Atlantic Ocean with the Indian Ocean
The Missouri Compromise debate illustrated that northern politicians did not want slavery to expand for primarily moral
False
The shortage of labor and plantation agriculture played a significant role in reduction of slave labor in Colonial America...
False
True or False: African society did not practice slavery before Europeans came.
False
True or False: All Indian tribes were patrilineal.
False
True or False: The English colonies in America in the seventeenth century developed remarkably similar economic, political, and social structures to one another.
False
True or False: The Pilgrims intended to set sail for Cape Cod in 1620.
False
True or False: When the Edict of Nantes, which had granted religious toleration to French Protestants (Huguenots), was revoked in 1685, 100,000 Huguenots fled France for New France.
False
Under English law, women held many legal rights and privileges.
False
Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World?
Florida was the first region in the present-day United States that Spain colonized
Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World?
Florida was the first region in the present-day continental United States that Spain colonized
Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World?
Florida was the first region in the present-day continental United States that Spain colonized.
The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that
France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company.
The French and Indian war began because some American colonists felt that
France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio company
People from ________ were most likely to go to other European countries or rival colonies before settling in one of their own ________ colonies.
France; French
People from __________ were most likely to go to other European countries or rival colonies before settling in one of their own __________ colonies.
France; French
Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, ________ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, __________ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains.
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Who explored the Great Plains in the 1500s, but was considered a failure because he failed to find gold?
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
When England gained control of New York from the Dutch, what happened to African-Americans?
Free blacks lost employment opportunities in skilled jobs.
Huguenots were
French Protestants who fled Europe to North America
Why did French and Dutch Settlers seek peaceful relations with local Indians
French and Dutch settlers depended on trade alliances with Native Americans
Why did French and Dutch settlers seek peaceful relations with local Indians?
French and Dutch settlers depended on trade alliances with Native Americans.
In which of the following settings did slaves experience the greatest degree of freedom
Frontier conditions
In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?
Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.
Who is the most famous great awakening, revivalist minister?
George Whitefield
The largest group of immigrants from continental Europe were the
Germans
The largest group of immigrants from continental Europe were the:
Germans
Which of the following claims did Anne Hutchinson make during her 1637 trial?
God spoke to her directly, much as God spoke to Abraham.
In the eighteenth century how was freedom of the press viewed?
Governments in both England and the Colonies saw it as dangerous
How is freedom of the press viewed in the 18th century?
Governments in both England, and the colonies viewed it as dangerous
What was one factor that contributed to the unrest that led to Bacon's Rebellion?
Governor Berkeley refused to allow white settlement in areas reserved for Indians.
The Seneca, Mohawk, and Oneida created the
Great League of Peace.
Why did European explorations of the New World proceed so rapidly after Columbus's discoveries?
Gutenberg's invention of the printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of information
Why was Thomas Jefferson not among those alarmed by Shays's Rebellion?
He believed that occasional rebellion refreshed the spirit of liberty.
What was in the "Declaration of Josephe"?
He declared that the Spanish God was dead.
How does Henry Care differentiate France and England in his text English Liberties or The Free-Born Subject's Inheritance?
He describes the French king as having unlimited power, while the English king is said to be constrained by laws and the rights of the people.
What geographic error did Columbus make?
He grossly underestimated the size of the earth
On what grounds did Frederick Douglass claim his authority as a spokesperson against slavery?
He had experienced slavery.
Why did Jefferson purchase Louisiana from the French in 1803?
He hoped it would ensure the nation's agrarian character.
Which of the following approaches did Thomas Paine take when writing Common Sense?
He presented the case for American independence as backed by simple facts while also passionately describing it as a chance to fight oppression.
How did Cortés conquer the Aztecs?
He relied on iron weapons and gun powder.
What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty?
He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good.
Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?
He wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon, and the pope refused to grant it.
Who made Olaudah equino and a typical slave
He was able to purchase his freedom
The set of political ideas that scholars refer to as republicanism
Hell that only property owning economically independent citizens should participate in public life
Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region
Helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism
What inspired the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina?
High debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers.
What was the most significant result of Ferdinand Magellan's explorations?
His voyages showed that the circumference of the earth was longer than what Columbus had estimated.
What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty?
Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.
What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty
Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in the divinity of Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.
What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty?
Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in the divinity of Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.
Which human capability did enlightenment thinkers, considered to be a great importance
Human reason
How does Eric Foner justify characterizing America in the early colonial period as made up of "borderlands"?
Hybrid cultures developed.
What is the significance of the Battle of Lexington and Concord?
It is considered the battle that started the Revolutionary War.
What happened to the population of the Americas as a result of contact with Europeans?
It is estimated that 80 million native people of the Americas died in the first 150 years after contact with Europeans, due to disease, war, and enslavement
What does John Winthrop say about civil or federal liberty in his 1645 Speech to the Massachusetts General Court?
It is maintained through proper subjection to authority.
Why was the death rate in early Jamestown incredibly high?
It lay beside a malarial swamp.
When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage:
It meant that, under law, Christians could own other Christians.
How did the colonial elite view their role in society?
It meant the power to rule—the right of those blessed with wealth and prominence to dominate others.
Which statement is true about the Haitian Revolution?
It reinforced white Americans' fears of possible insurrections by enslaved
Which of the following was one of the primary focuses of the Great League of Peace?
It relied on representatives from different groups to decide on whether to have friendly relations with outsiders.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the English understanding during the seventeenth century of the concept of freedom?
It remained a vital and much-debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded.
Which was not part of the Glorious Revolution?
It secured Catholic succession to the throne of England.
Why was slavery called a "peculiar institution" of the South?
It set the South apart from the North
How did enlightenment, thinking influence the Spanish treatment of Indians
It was a call for more humane treatment of Indians
What was Spain sacred experiment in California?
It was an attempt to haul Russian incursion
olaudah equino Life underscored what 18th century theme
It was ironic that some men in British Colonies were slaves while others had their rights expanded
In the 18th century, how did the number of men eligible to vote in Brighton compared to the number of men eligible to vote in the American colonies?
It was more than 10 times greater in America due to the Wide distribution of property
What was at the center of the religious doctrine of John Calvin?
It was predetermined by God who was going to receive salvation.
What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
It was the first written frame of government in the American colonies.
What was the Middle Passage?
It was the second leg of the trans-Atlantic trade.
What aspect of the great awakening had significant political influence
It's focus on the individual independent judgment
Which one of the following is true of New France?
Its population was limited at best because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power.
Which statement is true of New France?
Its population was limited at best, because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power.
What was unique about the Roanoke colony?
Its settlers disappeared and their fate was never discovered.
Who took detailed notes of the Constitutional Convention, which were published more than fifty years after the proceedings?
James Madison
Which of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?
Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island
Which of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?
Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island.
Which of the following was true of French relations with Native Americans?
Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans but gave them far more independence than the Spanish
Which of the following people contributed to the rapid speed of European exploration in the aftermath of Columbus's first voyage?
Johannes Gutenberg
In the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson's biggest influence with regard to natural rights came from?
John Locke.
According to the clip there were two attempts to settle Roanoke island. Who was the leader of the second group?
John White
Who pioneered an extremely emotional style of preaching
Jonathan Edwards
What is one way plantation slavery in the Americas differed from slavery in previous eras of human history?
Labor on plantations was far more demanding, and the death rate of enslaved people in the Americas was much higher than in the household slavery common in Africa.
Which of the following conclusions about European understandings of Indian cultures is reasonable?
Their own conceptions of gender roles convinced Europeans that Indians were uncivilized.
Why were Bartolomeu Dias's and Vasco da Gama's voyages important?
Their voyages opened up much more direct trade with Asia.
What was the significance of "country party?"
Their writings warned against the tendency of political power to threaten liberty, and were popular in the American colonies
What was the significance of Ashanti and Dahomey
These African states became powerful through the slave trade.
What was the significance of Ashanti and Dahomey?
These African states became powerful through the slave trade.
How did the wealthiest families benefit from England gaining control of New Netherland?
These families controlled millions of acres in New York.
What was the significance of sugar, rice, coffee, and tobacco in the eighteenth century?
These products were the first mass consumer goods in international trade, and they were all produced by slaves.
What was the significance of sugar, rice, coffee, and tobacco in the 18th century?
These products were the first mass, consumer goods in international trade, and they were all produced by slaves
Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?
They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines.
How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state?
They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister.
What ironic consequence did William Penn's generous policies, such as religious toleration and inexpensive land, have?
They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor.
Which did not characterize free blacks (such as Anthony Johnson) in Virginia and Maryland in the 1600s?
They could not own African slaves.
When the Second Continental Congress created an official army, how did the British respond?
They declared that the colonies were in a state of rebellion.
Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England?
a middle-aged woman who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband
What did the Virgin of Guadalupe represent? Group of answer choices
a mixing of Indian and Spanish cultures
What did the Continental Association call for?
a near total end to trade with Great Britain and the West Indies
What would be an example of John Locke's views on liberalism?
a person who has the right to choose what church he or she will attend
Who provided funding for the first permanent English settlement in what would become the United States?
a private business organization
At the heart of the English Civil War was:
a question of sovereignty in who would make decisions for the government.
One significant consequence of the Glorious Revolution for the American colonies was
a renewed sense of entitlement to liberty, as the birthright of all English subjects
One significant consequence of the Glorious Revolution for the American colonies was:
a renewed sense of entitlement to liberty, as the birthright of all English subjects.
Why was Jamestown burned to the ground in the seventeenth century?
a revolt by Nathanial Bacon
In the fifteenth century, a big impetus for European exploration was:
a sea route to Asia to obtain luxury goods. gold in China.
The 1741 panic in New York City that led to thirty-four executions was sparked by
a series of fires breaking out throughout the city.
What factor had the greatest impact on ensuring Hernán Cortés's victory over the Aztecs?
a small pox epidemic that devastated Aztec society
To Quakers, liberty was:
a universal entitlement
To Quakers, liberty was
a universal entitlement.
"Coverture" refers to:
a woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries.
"Coverture" refers to
a women surrendering her legal identity when she marries
How did the British government predominantly view the American colonies prior to the Revolution?
as unequal parts in a larger political and economic system, strictly subject to the rulings of Parliament
Where did the first peoples to the Americas come from?
asia
The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home
were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.
Which of the following was true of New France?
its population was limited at best because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power
What element of slavery does Olaudah seem to think will most outrage his readers?
kidnaping children, separate them from friends and family
Pre-Columbian Native Americans were viewed by Europeans as "backwards" due to their...
lack of metal tools
Pre-Columbian Native Americans were viewed by Europeans as "backwards" due to their?
lack of metal tools
Pre-Columbian Native Americans were viewed by Europeans as "backwards" due to their
lack of metal tools.
In its early years, Carolina was the "colony of a colony" because its original settlers included many:
landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados.
Compared to the Chesapeake colonies, New England had more economic equality because it had more:
landowners
For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant
landownership.
Both the Aztec and Inca empires were
large, wealthy, and sophisticated
Both the Aztec and Inca empires were:
large,wealthy,sophisticated
Alarmed by the destructiveness of the conquistadors, the Spanish crown replaced them with a more stable system of government headed by
lawyers and bureaucrats
The attack by Massachusetts colonists on the home of lieutenant governor and chief justice Thomas Hutchinson:
led Hutchinson to believe that effective British rule would require the loss of some liberties for the colonists.
Who would most admire today's America with its constitutional protections of equal rights for all?
levellers
Which of the following was highly valued by Puritan societies?
literacy in order to read the Bible
In 1492, the Native American population
lived mostly in Central and South America
In 1492, the Native American population:
lived mostly in Central and South America
In 1492, the Native American population
lived mostly south of the present-day United States.
In 1691, Massachusetts was transformed when a new charter, issued by the English government, absorbed Plymouth into Massachusetts, and
made property ownership, not church membership, a requirement for voting in General Court elections
In 1691, Massachusetts was transformed when a new charter, issued by the English government, absorbed Plymouth into Massachusetts, and
made property ownership, not church membership, a requirement for voting in General Court elections.
The Native American leader Powhatan:
managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes.
Which of the following is true of Spanish emigrants to the New World?
many of the early arrivals come to direct Native American labor
Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?
married women retain a legal identity separate from that of their husbands
Patroonship in New Netherland
meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor.
Patroonship in New Netherland:
meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor.
A "borderland" is a
meeting place of peoples where geographic and cultural borders are not clearly defined.
In approximately 7000 BCE, agriculture developed in the Americas in:
mexico and peru
In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called "Christian liberty,"
mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ—concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing.
When brought to the New World, with regard to religion, slaves:
mixed elements of Christianity with African beliefs.
What type of government does Henry Care describe as ideal in his text English Liberties or The Free-Born Subject's Inheritance?
monarchy
New France was characterized by
more peaceful Europeans-Indian relations than existed in New Spain
Opechancanough:
mounted a surprise attack against Plymouth in the 1620s.
Opechancanough
mounted a surprise attack against Virginia in the 1620s.
Which of the following was not a technique that Spanish conquistadors used to conquer Native American empires?
negotiating treaties
Where did mound-building tribes flourish?
ohio river valley
where was the first permanent Spanish colony in what is now the united states?
on the island of Puerto Rico
Poor and working-class English people generally hoped that emigrating to America would provide
opportunities to become independent landowners.
Which of the following statements about Spanish America is true?
over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture, part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African
At the start of the eighteenth century, the population of the colonies was
overwhelmingly white.
The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 allowed for
partial membership in Puritan churches based on ancestry.
Who were the mestizos in the Americas?
persons of mixed Spanish and Indian origin
Who was most likely to build the best relationships with the Native Americans?
pilgrims
Which element of our current political system did the founding fathers generally hope to avoid?
political parties
What was the context in which groups such as the Levellers and Diggers arose?
political unrest to the point of a civil war
Which of the following was a feature of Native American civilization prior to the voyages of Columbus?
populous urban centers
If Massachusetts Bay's Jonathan Winthrop had been present at the start of the Pennsylvania colony, he would have:
praised the idea of religion serving as a model for the colony.
The "American System"
proposed federal financing of internal improvements, such as road.
Which of the following is true of the Virginia Plan?
proposed two-house legislature, with population determining representation
The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:
were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.
The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs:
shocked Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake.
Bartolome de Las Casas argued that Indians
should enjoy "all guarantees of liberty and justice" as subjects of Spain
Thomas Jefferson believed that African-Americans:
should eventually be able to enjoy their natural rights but not in America
What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North?
slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements
How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom?
some ran away and others disobedient to there masters
Of colonists in British North America, which group was the wealthiest?
south carolinas rice planters
During the Civil War, the term "contraband camps" referred to
southern slaves camps who had escaped from their masters and entered Union
The Salem Witch Trials of 1692
spurred prominent colonists to seek scientific explanations for natural events.
Both King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion were conflicts that:
started with disputes over Native American territory
Both King Philip's War and Bacon's Rebellion were conflicts that:
started with disputes over Native American territory.
Which of the following groups tended to be Anti-Federalist during the ratification debates?
state politicians
The New Laws of 1542
stated that Indians would no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions.
Which one of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War?
strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British
Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War?
strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire
Which one of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War?
strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire
The land involved in the Louisiana Purchase
stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River
This chief crop produced by Western Hemisphere slaves during the eighteenth century was also the first to be mass-marketed to consumers in Europe.
sugar
What were some mass consumer goods in America?
sugar, rice, coffee, tobacco
Planters' wives, known as "plantation mistresses,"
supervising domestic servants, and supervised plantation when husband away
What role did the "enclosure" movement play in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England?
t created a crisis where many people had no way to make a living.
Unlike the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts focused on:
taxing goods imported into the colonies.
Virtual representation was the idea:
that each member of Britain's House of Commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district.
The three-race system developed in
the British Caribbean
What was "salutary neglect"?
the British government's policy of leaving the colonies largely to govern themselves
The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugar cane is called
the Columbian Exchange
Who was most directly harmed by the Boston Tea Party?
the East India Company
Which tribes were targeted by the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
the Five Civilized Tribes
How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for the Native Americans>
the French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society
What served as an example of a borderlands area in colonial America?
the Great Lakes
English writers compared Native Americans to what other people, claiming that both peoples' refusal to respect English authority and convert to English Protestantism was barbaric?
the Irish
In the same year the Declaration of Independence was signed,
the Lakota Sioux settled in the Black Hills
The overthrow of James II and the deposing of Governor Edmund Andros set the stage for which of the following conflicts?
the Maryland uprising
Who finally ended the Salem witch trials?
the Massachusetts governor
It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when...
the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post
It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when:
the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post.
Adam Smith wrote that the general advantages Europe derived from the discovery and colonization of America were:
the augmentation of its industry, an increase of its enjoyments
In the mid-eighteenth-century colonies, this area of settlement was the most rapidly growing region in North America.
the backcountry
An example of a freedom that most Native Americans would hold in high esteem would be
the chance to work with other tribe members to build a house.
An example of a freedom that most Native Americans would hold in high esteem would be:
the chance to work with other tribe members to build a house.
John Winthrop
the colony governor , distinguished sharply between 2 kinds of liberty
The English Civil War was significant in American history because
the debates over the meaning of freedom that emerged from the war elevated the idea of "English liberty" to a central place in the political culture of the Anglo-American colonies.
The primary goal of fifteenth-century Portuguese expansion was
the establishment of a trading empire in Asia.
John Adams recommended George Washington as commander of the Continental army because:
the fact that Washington was from Virginia could help unify the colonists.
When Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against the Governor of Virginia, he called for all except
the freeing of slaves, particularly enslaved Christians.
When Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against the Governor of Virginia, he called for all except:
the freeing of slaves, particularly enslaved Christians.
According to the economic theory known as mercantilism:
the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote nation power
According to the economic theory known as mercantilism...
the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power
.According to the economic theory known as mercantilism.
the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.
According to the economic theory known as mercantilism,
the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.
According to the economic theory known as mercantilism:
the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.
What was the Great Awakening at least in part a response to?
the growth of rationalism and lack of individual engagement in church services
In the fifteenth century, a big impetus for European exploration was
the idea that Muslim religion was inferior to Christianity.
Bacon's Rebellion was prompted by
the inability of Virginians to settle lands reserved for Indians.
Which of the following was an effect of Bacon's Rebellion?
the increased use of African slaves
William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because:
the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America
William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because:
the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.
Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because
the merchants were known as factors.
"Enumerated" goods:
were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that first had to be imported to England.
"Enumerated" goods
were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that first had to be sold in English ports.
What religion did the majority of enslaved African people in North America practice in the eighteenth century?
traditional African religions
The catalyst for the market revolution was a series of innovations in
transportation and communication.
When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans
tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans
When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans:
tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans.
By 1700, almost 2 million acres of land was owned by five New York families.
true
By 1775, three-fifths of the English owned no land, but about two-thirds of the free male colonists in British North America owned land.
true
Despite the influx of British goods, American craftsmen benefited from the expanding consumer market.
true
During the early to mid-eighteenth century, consumption of manufactured goods penetrated deep into the colonial countryside.
true
During the eighteenth century, British colonies diversified along ethnic and religious lines.
true
By the eighteenth century, consumer goods such as books and ceramic plates
were found in many colonial residents' homes.
In regard to geography, English colonies:
were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.
The first french explorations of the New World
were intended to locate the Northwest Passage
The first French explorations of the New World Group of answer choices
were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.
The first French explorations of the New World:
were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.
In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who:
were land owning church members
Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England:
were lower class men
The Scottish and Scotch-Irish immigrants to the colonies
were not only poor farmers but also physicians, merchants, and teachers.
The Committees of Safety:
were part of a series of efforts by the Continental Congress to promote unity and to take action against enemies of liberty.
Native American religious ceremonies
were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things
Native American religious ceremonies:
were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.
Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England
were single, lower-class men.
Indians in eighteenth-century British America
were well integrated into the British imperial system.
During the first half of the eighteenth century, the flow of non-English migrants to British North America was larger than that of English migrants.
true
Fourteen women and five men were hanged as witches in the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692.
true
Great Britain eclipsed the Dutch as the leading producer and trader of inexpensive consumer goods in the eighteenth century.
true
In 1678, when the Lords of Trade in England queried the Massachusetts government about how well it was following the Navigation Acts, the Lords received the reply from the colony that the Navigation Acts did not apply to the colony unless the colony's own government (not the British Parliament, but rather the Massachusetts General Court) approved them.
true
In 1705, the House of Burgesses enacted strict slave codes.
true
In the 1700s, 90 percent of colonists in British North America worked farms.
true
In the English colonies as a whole, half of the wealth at mid-century was concentrated in the hands of the richest 10 percent of the population.
true
In the English colonies as a whole, half of the wealth at mid-eighteenth century was concentrated in the hands of the richest 10 percent of the population.
true
In the Walking Purchase of 1737, the Lenni Lenape Indians of Pennsylvania lost more land than they had anticipated when Governor James Logan hired a team of runners to mark off the amount of land "a man could walk' in thirty-six hours.
true
In the first half of the eighteenth century, low taxes, the lack of a military draft, decent wages for skilled workers, and an abundance of liberties characterized life for many whites in the British colonies of North America.
true
Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700, which area in the Western Hemisphere received the most settlers?
west indies
What sort of attitude did Benjamin Franklin express in his Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind (1751)?
what today would be known as racism
Pre-Columbian Native Americans lacked metal tools
which caused Europeans felt they were superior.
The actions of Bartolomé de las Casas can best be described in modern-day terminology as that of a
whistleblower
The actions of Bartolomé de las Casas can best be described in modern-day terminology as that of a(n) Group of answer choices
whistleblower
The actions of Bartolomé de las Casas can best be described in modern-day terminology as that of a(n):
whistleblower.
Why did many women in Virginia not start a family until their mid-twenties?
women came as indentured servsnts
Which one of the following was not true of women in Native American societies?
women made all decisions about trade relations with other tribes
In the mid-1700s, per capita, the richest people in the world were most likely the (non-slave) colonists in what would later become the United States.
true
Most colonies barred Catholics and Jews from voting and holding public office.
true
New York was named after King Charles II's brother, James, the Duke of York.
true
Primogeniture meant that estates must be passed intact to the oldest son.
true
The English word "slave" derives from the word "Slav," that is, a people from Eastern Europe who were enslaved by other Europeans into the 1400s.
true
The rise of black slavery in Virginia developed only gradually, over several generations.
true
There were no banks in 1700s colonial America.
true
There were no banks in the 1700s in colonial America.
true
Tituba, who was one of the people accused of being a witch in Salem, was originally an Indian from the Caribbean who, in 1692, was a slave in Massachusetts.
true
Under the seventeenth-century British Navigation Acts, certain goods produced in the colonies had to be taken in English ships and sold in ports in England.
true
Vastly more people living in the colonies had far greater opportunities-to vote, own land, worship freely-than existed in Europe.
true
Virginia's upper class in the 1700s was sometimes called a "cousinocracy."
true
The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century
used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production
The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century
used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production.
The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century:
used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production.
As leader of the Jamestown Colony, John Smith?
used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together.
France's relations with Native American tribes can be described as a marriage of necessity because
very few French came to North America
By the eighteenth century, colonial farm families:
viewed land ownership almost as a right, a precondition of freedom
By the eighteenth century, colonial farm families
viewed land ownership almost as a right, a precondition of freedom.
Maryland's founder, Cecilius Calvert:
wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain, with power limited for ordinary people.
Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?
wanted divorce pope refused
The Spanish empire in America
was a mostly urban civilization
In England the idea of working for wages
was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.
In England, the idea of working for wages:
was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.
The idea of liberalism in eighteenth-century British politics:
was compatible with inequalities in wealth and well-being.
The Virginia House of Burgesses:
was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival.
Know-Nothing Party
was dedicated to reserving political office for native-born Americans.
European society on the eve of colonization
was extremely hierarchical, with inequality built into virtually every social relationship.
The New Jersey Plan
was mainly supported by the smaller, less populated states.
Unlike slavery in the Americas, slavery in Africa was
was more likely to be based in the household than on an agricultural plantation
The separation of church and state
was not the norm, as most colonies had taxes to pay the salary of clergy.
The separation of church and state...
was not the norm, as most colonies had taxes to pay the salary of clergy.
Captain Jacob Leisler, the head of the rebel militia that took control of New York in 1689,
was overthrown and killed in so grisly a manner that the rivalry between his friends and foes polarized New York politics for years.
The election of 1876
was tainted by claims of fraud in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana
The first center of the Spanish Empire in America
was the island of Hispaniola
The German migration to the English colonies
was to frontier areas as farmers.
The German migration to the English colonies:
was to frontier areas as farmers.
Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia
was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691.
Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:
was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691.
The Spanish empire in America:
was, unlike the French and English New World empires, a mostly urban civilization.
The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home...
were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society
The Quebec Act:
granted religious toleration to Catholics in Canada.
In colonial America, what was an example of a borderlands area?
great lakes
Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans
had elaborate trade networks
What was the significance of Puerto Rico?
had gold
When comparing the Chesapeake colonies to the New England settlements:
had more endentured servants
During the seventeenth century, indentured servants:
had trouble acquiring land
Crispus Attucks:
has been called the first martyr of the American Revolution.
What geographic error did Columbus make?
he grossly underestimated the size of the Earth
Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because:
he merchants were known as factors.
The Pueblo Indian uprising of 1680
helped lead to the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans
How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty?
hey supported tolerance in religious matters in their colony.
What sparked the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina?
high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers
The American Civil War began in April 1861, when
Confederate forces fired upon and captured Fort Sumter
In 1667, the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage.
True
What brought an end to Washington's presidency in 1796?
his wish that the office not become a lifelong position
As early as 1615, the ________ people of present-day southern Ontario and upper New York State forged a trading alliance with the French, and many of them converted to Catholicism.
huron
With regard to Indians, the English were chiefly interested...
in displacing Indians and settling on their land
The European practice of "coverture" included that
in marriage, a wife surrendered her legal identity.
Native inhabitants of the Americas generally understood freedom...
in terms of the well-being of one's community, mutual obligation, and group autonomy
Where did mound-building tribes flourish?
in the Mississippi River Valley
Where did most Chesapeake slaves work?
in the fields
Which of the following individuals embodies the colonial understanding of republican virtue
A planter who serves on his town council
At the heart of the English Civil War was
A question of sovereignty between Parliament and the king.
The first African slaves were shipped to the New World in what year?
1502
The U.S. slave population on the eve of the Civil War was approximately
4 million
It is estimated that between______ Percent of adult white men could vote in 18 century colonial British America
50 and 80
Which of these is true of how the new state constitutions in the Revolutionary era dealt with the issue of religion?
7 state constitutions began with a commitment to free practice of religion
Approximately how many Union and Confederate soldiers died during the Civil War?
750,000
All of the following statements are true of the Atlantic trade in the eighteenth century EXCEPT: a. Although important, slave grown crops actually accounted for only a small portion of the value of the trade b. The profits from the slave trade in particular simulated the rise of key english ports c. New england and the middle colonies exported fish, grain, and lumber to the west indies d. Profits from the atlantic trade helped finance the early industrial revolution e. Europe was the primary market for colonial grown products such as rice and indigo
A
John Locke's political philosophy stressed: a. a contract system between the people and the government. b. the necessity of the monarch having absolute power. c. that mercantilism was necessary for a strong nation. d. religious toleration for all. e. that strong government prevented a "war of all against all."
A
Olaudah Equiano: a. Wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read account b.Was popular with europeans for telling them that their culture was far superior to that of africans like himself c Demonstrated in his writings that he perfectly fit the stereotype that blacks were savages incapable of becoming civilized d. Was one of the fe children of african-american and native americn descent ever to be the chief of his indian tribe
A
The American Philosophical Society in its modest beginnings was called: a. the Junto. b. Cato's Club. c. Common Sense. d. Publick Occurrences. e. Britannia.
A
What did Junípero Serra hope to do in California? a. convert Indians to Christianity and to settled farming b. explore the Sacramento River basin to find gold c. claim the land for Spain and earn the praise of Queen Isabella d. stop the common practice of using Indians as forced laborers e. take over the Russian trading post at what is now Santa Barbara
A
Which of the following is NOT true of the Great Awakening? a. It's more subdued style of preaching appealed to a wider audience than the older, bombastic style employed by the Puritans. b. It was due in part to concerns among ministers that religious devotion was in decline due to economic growth. c. It involved several denominations, not just Congregationalists. d. it increased social tensions because ministers criticized certain aspects of colonial society such as commercialism and slavery. e. It was a transatlantic movement and not just an American one.
A
Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War? a. strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire b. the founding of the new colony of Ohio in territory acquired from France c. a weakening of liberties as France made gains in North America d. the creation of a central colonial government under the Albany Plan of Union e. increased popularity of the Anglican Church among ordinary colonists
A
Which of the following was true of Georgia? a. Colonists sought self-government to gain the right to introduce slavery. b. It was the only colony to maintain a ban on liquor until independence. c. The philanthropists who founded it expected slavery to help the lower class Englishmen they brought to the colony. d. Its residents invaded Florida and took it from Spain in the War of Jenkins' Ear. e. It was named for the most important British queen of the eighteenth century.
A
What would be a good representation of enlightenment principles?
A botanist who studied nature to uncover why a certain plant kept dying
Which was not a characteristic view of mercantilism?
A country's imports should exceed its exports.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Americas before the arrival of Europeans?
A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts.
What was the biggest fear of a slave of any age?
A family member being sold
Andrew Jackson's inauguration was
A large, rowdy event
Of the English women who came to Virginia in the seventeenth century,
A majority were indentured servants who labored in the tobacco fields, often facing early death and sexual abuse by masters.
Which of following is an example of the 18 century understanding of liberalism
A person choosing that church, he or she will attend
Who would be most likely to hold the position of legislator in South Carolina in 1750
A planter
Roger Williams argued that: A. Church and state must be totally separated. B. Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it. C. Religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom. D. Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith. E. Only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.
A. Church and state must be totally separated.
Which geographic error did Columbus make? A. He grossly underestimated the size of the earth. B. He thought the earth was not round but flat. C. He expected the weather in India to be the same as in the North Atlantic. D. He confused the Atlantic Ocean with the Indian Ocean.
A. He grossly underestimated the size of the earth.
Why was the death rate in early Jamestown so high? A. It lay beside a malarial swamp. B. The ample food was full of botulism. C. It was not high; mos of the colonists survived. D. Constant Native American attacks decimated the population. E. Many of the colonists committed suicide.
A. It lay beside a malarial swamp.
Where did the Great Awakening begin? A. New England B. Pennsylvania C. Virginia D. South Carolina
A. New England
Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692? A. The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others. B. When Tituba testified, the issue became racial and divided the town. C. All of the accused were children, and Puritans were determined to force their young to accept their religious traditions or face death. D. The colonial capital had just been moved to Salem, upsetting the normally staid town. E. They did not; actually, the number of accusations was average and Salem was highly overrated as a place for charges of witchcraft.
A. The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others.
What proved to be the salvation of Jamestown? A. Tobacco B. Pocahontas C. Defeat of the Spanish D. John Rolfe
A. Tobacco
Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s? A. because of the religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church while Spain was devoutly Catholic B. because of the Spanish Armada's successful invasion of Great Britain in 1588. C. because Spain had allied with France to invade English colonies in the New World. D. because one of Henry VIII's beheaded wives was a Spanish princess and the Spanish government announced it would be at war with England until Henry apologized. E. because both the English and Spanish royal families laid claim to the Irish throne.
A. because of the religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church while Spain was devoutly Catholic
Bacon's rebellion was a response to: A. worsening economic conditions in Virginia B. increased slavery in the Carolinas C. Indians attacks in New England D. the Glorious Revolution in England E. the Salem witch trials
A. worsening economic conditions in Virginia
Republicanism in the 18th century Anglo, American political world emphasized the importance of______ As the essence of liberty
Active participation in public life and property owning citizens
Where became a major market for European goods?
Africa
From 1700 to 1776, who was the largest group of people that came to England's mainland colonies?
Africans
How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy?
After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions
How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy?
After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions.
Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land?
Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians.
Benjamin Franklin
American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.
In the early seventeenth century, Protestant Christians from France or southern Germany would have most likely sought a new home in
Amsterdam
Why was the New York colony known as New York?
An Anglo-Dutch war resulted in the British king awarding the colony to his brother, the Duke of York.
Who in the sixteenth-century Spanish empire would have the most authority?
An administrative official from Spain.
Who spoke in Anne Hutchinson's defense during her 1637 trial?
Anne Hutchinson herself
What did Anne Hutchinson's critics accuse her of?
Antinomianism: she put her own judgement above human law and the teachings of the church.
How did the Articles of Confederation compare to the Constitution in regard to sovereignty?
Articles, states had more autonomy Constitution gave some power to states
What led to slavery decreasing in Philadelphia after 1750
Artisans and merchants turned more to wage laborers
What led to slavery decreasing in Philadelphia after 1750?
Artisans and merchants turned more to wage laborers.
As the 18 century progressed, how did British view itself in contrast to France?
As a realm of widespread, prosperity and individual liberty
How did the meaning of the Magna Carta change with time?
As serfdom disappeared, its rights applied to a greater percentage of the population.
What was one reason that African slavery replaced indentured servitude as the primary labor source in the late seventeenth century in the Chesapeake colonies?
As the economy improved in England, people were less likely to come to the colonies.
Which of the following statements about slaves in the New World and religion is accurate
As time went on many slaves, adopted elements of Christianity while maintaining aspects of traditional African beliefs
Despite the Fourteenth Amendment, which group was still being denied United States citizenship?
Asians
How did John Locke reconcile his belief in natural rights and his support for slavery? a. He did not have to, because he opposed slavery. b. He believed that the free individual in liberal thought was the propertied white man. c. His belief in democracy meant that if a majority wanted to own slaves, they should be free to do so. d. He explicitly argued that Africans were not truly human and therefore possessed no natural right to liberty. e. He suggested that natural rights only applied to the English, not to other Europeans and certainly not to Africans.
B
How did colonial politics compare with British politics? a. British politics were far more democratic, befitting the British belief in liberty and the number of proprietary and royal colonies. b. Colonists tended to agree with the British that owning property was related to having the right to vote. c. Most colonies, unlike Britain, at least allowed propertied women to vote. d. Elections throughout the colonies were more hotly contested than British ones, with many different candidates and parties represented on the ballot. e. Colonial politics proved far more corrupt until the Licentiousness Act of 1694.
B
In the chesapeake region, slavery: a. was geographically restricted to the Tidewater area until transportation improved in the nineteenth century. b. rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680. c. was the labor system preferred by planters as early as the 1620s. d. allowed planters to make vast profits from cotton and rice as well as from tobacco. e. was so widely practiced that nearly three-fifths of white households in 1770 included a slave owner.
B
In the eighteenth century, the Spanish empire in North America: a. consisted of a few small and isolated urban clusters until Great Britain conquered it by force. b. rested economically on trading with and extracting labor from surviving Native Americans. c. attracted thousands of settlers after Spain built a series of missions and presidios. d. helped the Native American population to grow considerably through the mission system. e. forced Spanish priests to choose between loyalty to the Pope and loyalty to the king.
B
John Peter Zenger's libel trial: a. resulted from his publication of news stories questioning the intelligence of the king. b. probably would not have ended in his acquittal if he had attacked someone other than the colonial governor. c. set back freedom of the press when it ended in his conviction and imprisonment for printing the truth. d. showed that the public was not yet ready to accept the idea of freedom of speech. e. led to the overturning of the Licentiousness Act of 1694.
B
Pontiac's Rebellion: a. greatly helped the British defeat the French in the Seven Years' War. b. although named for an Ottawa warrior, owed its origins as much to the teachings of a religious prophet. c. established the Mississippi River as the western boundary of British North America. d. ended with the surrender of all the Indian forces only six months after the fighting began. e. led Britain to adopt the policy of salutary neglect in its American colonies.
B
Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of __________ as the essence of liberty. a. protecting the natural rights of all humans b. active participation in public life by property-owning citizens c. a strong central state d. supporting royal authority as opposed to parliamentary authority e. voting rights for all adult men
B
Slave resistance in the eighteenth century: a. was limited to running away, since mounting an armed rebellion would have been impossible and deadly. b. included rebellions in both northern and southern colonies that led to the deaths of several of those involved in planning the conspiracies. c. most famously included the War of Jenkins' Ear, fought over the habit that masters developed of slicing off the ears of rebellious slaves. d. prompted southern lawmakers to cut off slave imports from Africa and the Caribbean by mid-century. e. led to a strong but ultimately unsuccessful movement to abolish slavery in Georgia in the 1760s.
B
The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that: a. the Indians along the frontier finally had to be subdued. b. France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company. c.they had to aid the English, who were fighting Napoleon in Europe. d. taxes were too high, so they solicited help from both the French and the Indians. e. French Jesuits were converting too many Indians to Catholicism, endangering the Protestant majority on the North American continent.
B
The most famous Great Awakening revivalist minister was: a. John Locke. b. George Whitefield. c. Cotton Mather. d. John Peter Zenger. e. James Oglethorpe.
B
The most successful colonial governors: a. blocked the rising power of colonial assemblies, thereby pleasing the king and Parliament. b. used their appointive powers and control of land grants to win allies in colonial legislatures. c. abolished the colonial judicial system, whose members frequently overturned their executive orders and legislative action. d. were able to stay in office during the Revolutionary War and went on to enjoy political power after independence. e. had to leave office after twelve years, because the king and Parliament imposed term limits.
B
What did Neolin tell his people they must reject? a. a pan-Indian identity b. European technology and material goods c. the enslavement of Africans d. an alliance with the French e. the use of English in trade negotiations
B
Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trade's effect in West Africa? a. It had little effect on west africa, because the more the 90 percent of enslaved people came from east africa? b. It helped lead to the rise of militarized states on west africa, whose large armies preyed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves. c. It encouraged the expansion of west africa's domestic textile industry which supplies clothing for slaves d. It led to an increase in west africa's population during the 1700's as slave traders encouraged woman to have more childern who would then be sold into slavery e. Successfully united west african nations to resist european slave traders, who reluctantly ended the trade by 1763
B
Which of the following is true of eighteenth-century slavery in South Carolina and Georgia? a. The laws in those colonies created a very static institution with few differences among plantations, small farms, and cities. b. Plantation slaves enjoyed far more autonomy than they did in other colonies, allowing them to maintain more of their African culture. c. Because of the high death rates of Africans due to malaria, slave populations declined by 5 to 10 percent per decade during the 1700s. d. Because the governments of South Carolina and Georgia strictly enforced laws preventing sexual contact between whites and blacks, a significant population of racially mixed individuals never developed. e. Colonial law gave freedom to any slave who successfully escaped to Charleston or Savannah.
B
Who drafted the Albany Plan of Union? a. George Washington b. Benjamin Franklin c. William Pitt d. John Peter Zenger e. Thomas Jefferson
B
Which of the following statements is true of Georgia?
Colonists sought self government to gain the right to introduce slavery
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Americas before the arrival of Europeans? A. Across Native Americans groups, only a few languages were spoken, which aided communication. B. A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts. C. Groups relied only on hunting and gathering, not any form of farming the earth. D. Very little diversity existed North America, which contributed to the lack of fighting.
B. A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts.
What did the Virgin of Guadalupe represent? A. The fact that mestizos held most the high government positions. B. A mixing of Indian and Spanish cultures. C. The fact the miracles were not part of Christianity. D. The fact that the Catholic Church was insignificant in Spanish America.
B. A mixing of Indian and Spanish cultures.
Indentured servants: A. Made up only a small minority of 17th century English emigrants. B. Could be bought and sold, were subject to physical punishment, and often died before they finished their terms of service. C. Were famously diligent, with stellar work ethics. D. Usually emigrated as married couples.
B. Could be bought and sold, were subject to physical punishment, and often died before they finished their terms of service.
The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that: A. The Indians among the frontier finally had to be subdued. B. France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company. C. They had to aid the English, who were fighting Napoleon in Europe. D. Taxes were too high, so they solicited help from both the French and the Indians.
B. France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company.
Europeans generally believed all of the following about Indians EXCEPT that: A. Indians lacked genuine religion B. Indians had enormous potential to assimilate European ways. C. Indians males were weak and they mistreated women. D. Indians did not use the land and thus had no claim to it. E. Indians were not much better than slaves.
B. Indians had enormous potential to assimilate European ways.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Declaration of Independence? A. It was originally drafted by John Adams and then edited by Benjamin Franklin. B. It claimed a natural right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. C. It deliberately limited its arguments to colonists of the British empire. D. The final version contained a stern condemnation of the slave trade.
B. It claimed a natural right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
Which of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest? A. Plymouth, Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island B. Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island C. Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island D. Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Jamestown
B. Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island
What is the term that slave used for the voyage across the Atlantic? A. Migration B. Middle Passage C. Seasoning D. Bloody Flux
B. Middle Passage
Which of the following was true of the colonial elite? a. As with the mother country, the colonies had a titled aristocracy. B. They controlled colonial government. C. They often encountered financial trouble because they lacked connections to their counterparts back in the mother country. D. Most of them were as wealthy as, of not wealthier than, the British aristocracy. E. All of them were careful to marry outside of their families.
B. They controlled colonial government.
As English colonial society became more structured in the eighteenth century, what were the effects on women? A. They received more legal rights, such as the right to own property in their own names. B. Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home. C. Their workloads decreased thanks to technological advances such as the spinning wheel and to declining infant mortality rates. D. Women were permitted to practice law. E. Women bore so fewer children that population levels slightly declined in the 1740s, then stabilized until the American Revolution.
B. Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home.
Amerigo Vespucci: A. named the world after himself B. helped correct Columbus's belief that he had found a sea route Asia C. agreed with Columbus that the Native Americans he encountered were East Indians D. was funded by the English E. actually named the land Vespucci but the name was changed
B. helped correct Columbus's belief that he had found a sea route Asia
What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty? A. literacy B. land C. the English Bill of Rights D. church membership E. a wage-paying job
B. land
To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headright system, which: A. granted religious freedom B. provided land to settlers who paid for their own passage or the passage of someone else. C. brought slavery to the colony D. promised every single man a bride. E. enslaved Indians
B. provided land to settlers who paid for their own passage or the passage of someone else.
What was William Penn's most fundamental principle? A. voting rights for all adult men B. religious freedom C. communally owned property D. economic liberty E. support for women's suffrage
B. religious freedom
According to the economic theory known as mercantilism: A. merchants should control the government because they contributed more than others to national wealth. B. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power. C. the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off of the economy. D. colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods. E. England wanted the right to sell goods in France, but to only non-Catholic buyers.
B. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.
Maryland was similar to Virginia in that: A. both started out as proprietary colonies. B. tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society. C. John Smith had to take over the colony and organize its settlers to work. D. both offered settlers total religious freedom. E. the king approved the creation of each colony only because of pressure from parliament.
B. tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.
Which is the largest battle ever fought on the North American continent?
Battle of Gettysburg
During the 18th century, colonial assemblies
Became more assertive
Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?
Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic.
Which of the following statements accurately compares Native American gender relations in the Southwest to those in most other Native American societies?
Because the Southwest had fewer opportunities for hunting, men there were the primary cultivators rather than women.
William Penn
Believed that the spirit of God lived inside all people, not just the elect government officials. devout member of the Quakers
Who formed the Albany plan of Union?
Ben Franklin
Which enlightenment century figure was considered the embodiment of enlightenment ideas
Benjamin Franklin
Who drafted the Albany plan of union?
Benjamin Franklin
What idea did both the Regulators and Stamp Act Congress share?
Colonists wanted to be represented in the government.
Benjamin Franklin's Role in 18th Century America
Benjamin Franklin helped change 18th Century America through his inventions and political influence. As an American ambassador in France, Benjamin Franklin is considered the first American. This is due to the role that he had in obtaining freedom for the United States from the British colony. He signed all three documents that freed America from Britain.
What statement accurately depicts the legal status of people of African descent in the Chesapeake prior to 1660?
Blacks' rights were ambiguous, allowing some Africans to become landowners with servants or slaves.
What was the consequence of the seven years war on native cultures?
Bolstered support for and interest among some Indians in a pan Indian identity
In what ways was Thomas Paine's Common Sense similar to Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence?
Both showed how a king can be a tyrant.
"Salutary neglect" meant:
British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves.
Why did colonists object to the Tea Act?
By paying it, they would be acknowledging Great Britain's right to tax the colonists.
Which of the following is true of the English West Indies in the seventeenth century?
By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands.
Deists shared the ideas of eighteenth-century European Enlightenment thinkers, namely that: a. the universe was unknowable. b. Christ's divinity was beyond question. c. science could uncover God's laws that governed the natural order. d. God did not exist. e. divine revelation was necessary for a proper understanding of truth.
C
During the eighteenth century, British patriotism: a. reflected the rise of Spain as Great Britain's traditional enemy, in place of France. b. emphasized England's freedom of religion. c. celebrated individual freedom and the rule of law. d. included the admission that slavery and freedom were wholly contradictory. e. was the subject of numerous satires by Benjamin Franklin.
C
During the eighteenth century, colonial assemblies: a. lost political power to colonial governors. b. remained purely advisory bodies to the royal governor. c. became more assertive. d. concentrated on the patronage system. e. rejected the theories of the English Country Party.
C
In the northern colonies, slaves: a. lived in segregated but prosperous communities. b. became more important in New England after the Half-Way Covenant. c. were far less important to New England than the Middle Colonies. d. were forbidden by law to display any aspect of African culture in public. e. faced far harsher treatment than they did in the South.
C
Neolin, a Delaware Indian and religious prophet, helped inspire __________ Rebellion in 1763. a. Bacon's b. the Stono c. Pontiac's d. the Yamasee e. Leisler's
C
Property qualifications for holding office: a. were the same in every colony as they were for voting. b. meant that women served regularly in colonial legislatures. c. meant that the landed gentry wielded considerable power in colonial legislatures. d. existed for legislators but not for judges, who were esteemed for their legal ability. e. disappeared from Parliament before they were eliminated by colonial legislatures.
C
Revivalist preachers during the Great Awakening frequently: a. formed influential organizations dedicated to abolishing slavery. b. praised Deism. c. criticized commercial society. d. sought to avoid emotional styles of preaching. e. accepted financial support from colonial governments.
C
The American version of the Enlightenment: a. produced no one who achieved world renown, unlike the English and French versions. b. led to the increased popularity of Arminianism but not of Deism. c. was exemplified by Benjamin Franklin. d. had no impact on religion. e. was sparked by Isaac Newton's colonial tour in 1739.
C
The early South carolina economy focused on the export of deer skins and furs to england as well as on: a. the cultivation of cotton. b. small-scale manufacturing of firearms for use in raids against Spanish Florida. c. the export of Indian slaves to the Caribbean. d. shipbuilding. e. copper mining.
C
The participants in South Carolina's Stono Rebellion: a. surrendered without any bloodshed and agreed to pledge loyalty to the colony. b. were mostly former indentured servants upset over the colony's Indian policy. c. included some who apparently had been soldiers in Africa. d. laid siege to Charleston but had to retreat when the Royal Navy brought reinforcements. e. were unsuccessful because of divisions over language and ethnicity.
C
Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region: a. Were so profitable that by the mid-eighteenth century their owners became the wealthiest people in brithish north america. b. Did not have any slaves on farms c. Helped make the chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism d. Were far less successful than tobacco plantation that developed in the lower southern colonies e. Were known throughout the world as models of how slaves should be treated
C
What did the British acquire from the Netherlands in the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713? a. Sufficient gold to pay off the British national debt b. The right to trade at dutch outposts in what is now south africa c. The right to transport slaves from africa to spain's new world colonies d. New netherlands, which was then renames new york e. New holland, which later became known as Australia?
C
What did the Paxton Boys demand? a. that liquor not be banned in Georgia b. that slave codes be tightened in New York c. that the Indians be removed from Pennsylvania d. that the French be hanged in Quebec e. that John Peter Zenger be tried for treason
C
When brought to the New World, with regard to religion, slaves: a. gave up practicing African beliefs. b. quickly converted to Christianity. c. mixed elements of Christianity with African beliefs. d. looked to convert colonists to African religions. e. did not see a connection between African-based spirits and Catholic saints.
C
Anne Hutchinson's trial demonstrated that
Colony leaders and church elders considered her a threat to their authority.
Which issue divided colonial governors appointed by the king and legislatures elected by colonists? a. Legislatures wanted universal white male suffrage, and the governors wanted to maintain the less democratic system under which British politics functioned. b. They were divided about how to respond to the lack of economic growth in the colonies—legislators wanted to act to help the economy, and governors preferred to let events take their course. c. To deal with a scarcity of gold and silver coins, legislatures supported printing paper money despite opposition from the governors. d. Governors wanted slavery outlawed because they considered it antithetical to the British idea of liberty, but legislators supported it. e. Governors wanted life terms for judges, and legislators sought elections every ten years.
C
Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies? a. Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. b. It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. c. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. d. More reformers lived in the North. e. The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.
C
Why was Jamestown burned to the ground in the 17th century? A. The spread of the witch trials. B. As revenge for an Indian village destroyed. C. A revolt by Nathaniel Bacon. D. As part of the Glorious Revolution.
C. A revolt by Nathaniel Bacon
What was a key difference between indentured servants from England and slaves from Africa? A. Indentured servants never changed owners. B. The indentured servants could freely choose their spouse. C. Most indentured servants voluntarily came to the colonies. D. Three-quarters of indentured servants escaped and found permanent freedom.
C. Most indentured servants voluntarily came to the colonies.
How did women participate in protesting the Townshend Act? A. Refusing to procreate. B. Acting as representatives in colonial legislatures. C. Spinning homespun clothing to aid the trade boycott. D. They did not participate.
C. Spinning homespun clothing to aid the trade boycott.
William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania because: A. King Charles I wanted Quakers to have a place where they could enjoy religious toleration. B. He supported the crown during the Glorious Revolution. C. The king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America. D. His invention of what was then called the pencil made him incredibly rich.
C. The king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.
A significant difference between the Vikings and Columbus was that
Columbus received much more publicity for his voyages.
Which of the following statements accurately describes South Carolina's Stono Rebellion? A. The Native Americans who participated in the rebellion were granted large tracts of land along the frontier as a result. B. Historians agree that the rebellion never actually occurred and is one the most successful known hoaxes in American History. C. The rebellion sparked fears among white and led to a severe tightening of the South Carolina slave code. D. Casualties were greater among white than slaves, leading half of the slaves in South Carolina to be banished to South America.
C. The rebellion sparked fears among white and led to a severe tightening of the South Carolina slave code.
What was one result of the Great Awakening? A. The revivals encouraged colonists to trust the views of established elites. B. The revivals inspired a renewed sense of national unity. C. The revivals helped to expand the circulation of newspapers and pamphlets in the colonies. D. The revivals inspired slaves to cling more closely to their African religions.
C. The revivals helped to expand the circulation of newspapers and pamphlets in the colonies.
Why wasn't slavery prevalent in the northern colonies? A. Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. B. It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. C. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. D. More reformers lived in the North. E. the northern colonies used Indian labor instead.
C. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.
Which statement about gender relations is FALSE for most Native American societies? A. Men and women engaged in premarital sex. B. It was acceptable for a woman to seek a divorce. C. Tribal leaders were almost always women. D. Women owned dwellings and tools. E. Societies were matrilineal.
C. Tribal leaders were almost always women.
Most slaves were taken from which region in Africa? A. Egypt and Maghreb B. South Africa C. West Africa D. Sahara Desert
C. West Africa
In its early years, Carolina was the "colony of a colony" because its original settlers included many: A. former indentured servants from Virginia B. supporters of Anne Hutchinson seeking refuge from Massachusetts C. landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados. D. protestants upset over Catholic rule in Maryland E. planters from Cuba hoping to expand their sugar cane empires.
C. landless sons of wealthy planers in Barbados
What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity? A. cotton B. fur C. tobacco D. indigo E. sugar
C. tobacco
The city situated along the Mississippi River, with between 10,000 and 30,000 residents in the year 1200, is today known as
Cahokia
Which improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce of the 19th century?
Canals and steamboats
What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations?
Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.
What was the significance of the Ohio valley during the 18th century?
Caught an imperial rivalry. It was viewed as a lush and promising location for future White settlement
What was the significance of the Ohio Valley during the eighteenth century?
Caught in imperial rivalries, it was viewed as a lush and promising location for future white settlement.
When Native Americans first encountered Europeans, what led to the European diseases being so deadly?
Centuries of continental isolation meant the Native Americans had no immunity.
Why did Massachusetts have its charter revoked by Charles II?
Charles did not approve of Massachusetts's violations of navigation laws.
What was the richest city in British North America.
Charleston
Which one of the following is true about Native Americans and material wealth?
Chiefs were expected to share some of their goods rather than hoard them
Which one of the following is true about Native Americans and material wealth?
Chiefs were expected to share some of their goods rather than hoard them.
In 1433, any navigator looking for mariners with the most thorough experience in long-distance exploratory voyages would have been advised to draw his crew from
China.
which of the following may knowledge and ideas increasingly available in 18 century colonial City
Circulating libraries
Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists?
Colonial and european merchants
What impact did the Committees of Correspondence have in America?
Colonial leaders were able to spread ideas and information of resistance to taxes more quickly.
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the slave trade in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world? a. Slaves were bought and sold in the Atlantic world as part of a series of trading routes that also involved British manufactured goods and colonial products such as tobacco and sugar. b. The Atlantic slave trade was a vital part of the worlds commerce in the 1700s c. Even those in areas where slavery was only a minor institution, such as Massachusetts and rhode island profited from the slave trade. d. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland north America e. Many slaves died of diseases on board slave ships during the middle passage
D
Crispus Attucks: A. Defended in court the British soldiers who participated in the Boston Massacre. B. Organized the boycott of British imports following the Townshend Acts. C. Was the first person of mixed race to serve in the Continental Congress. D. Has been called the first martyr of the American Revolution.
D. Has been called the first martyr of the American Revolution.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the slave trade in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world? A. Slaves were bought and sold in the Atlantic world as part of a series of trading routes that also involved British manufactured goods and colonial products such as tobacco and sugar. B. The Atlantic slave trade was a vital part of world commerce in the 1700s. C. Even those in areas where slavery was only a minor institution, such as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, profited from the slave trade. D. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States) E. Many slaves died of diseases on board slave ships during the Middle Passage.
D. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States)
What was the important political origin of the American Revolution? A. The Sugar Act financially hurt merchants living outside colonial ports. B. The Stamp Act was a tax that every few colonists had to pay. C. The colonists wanted a physical westward barrier to settlements. D. The colonists criticized their lack of representation in Parliament.
D. The colonists criticized their lack of representation in Parliament.
The crops most commonly grown by Native Americans, also called the "Three Sisters," include all of the following excerpt: A. Maize (corn) B. Squash C. Beans D. Wheat
D. Wheat
The Mayflower Compact established: A. religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts. B. the right to emigrate to America. C. a company chartered to settle New England. D. a civil government for the Plymouth colony. E. peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.
D. a civil government for the Plymouth colony.
Which one of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dated they were founded from the earliest to latest? A. Plymouth, Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island B. Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Jamestown C. Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island D. Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Jamestown E. Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island
E. Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island
What commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century? A. tobacco B. indigo C. silver D. cotton E. sugar
E. sugar
"Anglicization" meant all of the following EXCEPT: A. colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England. B. colonists imported the latest London fashions and literature. C. the colonial elite modeled their homes on the English gentry's estates and townhouses. D. those colonists who could afford to do so often sent their sons to England to be educated. E. the upper-class colonists often had coats of arms designed for their families, as the upper-class did in England.
E. the upper-class colonists often had coats of arms designed for their families, as the upper-class did in England.
During the reign of ________, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.
Elizabeth I
In regard to conflicts, which European power was most thorough at removing Indians from the land?
England
When comparing English colonies to Spanish ones:
England sent more people to the Americas in the seventeenth century.
Puritans were
English Protestants who believed that the Church of England was still too similar to the Catholic Church.
Why did English immigration to the American colonies decline in the eighteenth century?
English authorities stopped encouraging emigration in order to retain skilled laborers and professionals in England.
How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?
English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.
What perception of Indian society encouraged the publication of captivity narratives and why?
English leaders feared that the life of freedom enjoyed by Indians would tempt English settlers to join Indian societies and thus required a deterrent.
Henry Hudson:
English navigator who discovered the Hudson River
What did Neolin tell his People
European technology and material goods
How did Indian and European ideas of freedom differ on the eve of conatct?
Europeans view of Indians, they lacked genuine religion, did not "use" the land and had no claim to it
"Racism"—the idea that some races are inherently superior to others and entitled to rule over them—was fully developed in seventeenth-century colonial Virginia.
False
A strong immunity to European diseases strengthened Indian resistance to the conquistadores.
False
African society did not practice slavery before Europeans came.
False
After 1667, the Virginia House of Burgesses held that Christians could not enslave other Christians.
False
Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 was a rebellion over a tax increase on bacon.
False
Bacon's Rebellion was caused by a conflict between blacks and whites in Virginia.
False
Benjamin Franklin in his "Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind" believed the Germans were an asset to the English colonies. T/F
False
By 1750, colonial America had become a land of the very rich and the desperately poor; the in-between ranks of yeomen and craftsmen had all but disappeared.
False
During the eighteenth century, women's work in the rural North grew less taxing and less rigidly defined.
False
In human history, slaves have all been blacks.
False
In the late seventeenth century, the Iroquois were known for their fierce hatred and courageous fighting against British colonists.
False
Jefferson believed that African-Americans could eventually achieve economic independence and practice effective self-government.
False
Most of those accused of witchcraft in Salem were young children.
False
New Netherland extended from Quebec to the lower Mississippi Valley.
False
Over the century between 1650 and 1750, the agricultural economies of New England, the Middle Colonies, and the backcountry grew more and more alike.
False
Puritans believed that the Church of England was not in need of reform.
False
Slaves showed little inclination to challenge their enslavement in seventeenth- and early-eighteenth-century Virginia.
False
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (1669) ended hereditary nobility, and abolished landgraves and caciques.
False
The Indian belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things is called "existentialism."
False
The Indians' defeat in King Philip's War hastened the introduction of slavery in Carolina.
False
Reflect on the history that you have learned in this chapter. Do you believe that unity of purpose and belief are what made the American colonies strong, or do you believe that societies whose citizens were compelled to interact with people of differing beliefs were the most successful, based on the history you've learned in this chapter?
I believe that citizens who were compelled to interact with people of differing beliefs were the most successful. They are able to learn new things and have others to count on in difficult times. Interacting with people who share different beliefs shows them that even though you do not believe the same as them, you respect them.
I slavery became more common place In the Chesapeake Howard free blacks affected
In 1723 Virginia Revoked property, owning free blacks, right to vote
Which statement is true about slavery in the 18 century New York
In 1746 enslaved people made up 1/5 of the population of New York City
Where did most Chesapeake slave work?
In the fields
What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)?
In the long run the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England.
What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)?
In the long run, the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England.
What was a result of King Philip's War in the 1670s?
In the long run, white New Englanders' freedom broadened as their access to land expanded
What was a result of King Philip's War in the 1670s?
In the long run, white New Englanders' freedom broadened as their access to land expanded.
Which of the following statements accurately describes a British concept of liberty in the 18th century
Included both formal restraints on authority and collection of specific rights
After Bacon's Rebellion, how did colonial leaders respond to Bacon's demands?
Increasingly, plantation owners used African slaves rather than indentured servants for labor
How did the inexpensive land of the newly formed Pennsylvania colony affect Maryland and Virginia?
Indentured servants became less likely to go to Maryland and Virginia, creating greater demand for slaves.
Which is not true regarding King Philip and King Philip's War?
Indian tribes fought together under the unified leadership of Metacom.
In the seventeenth century, the term "American" tended to be used to identify whom in the British colonies?
Indians
Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America?
Indians slaves did the work on small scale farms
What is one reason the Civil War is often called the first modern war?
Industrial technology had created deadlier weapons.
By the end of the seventeenth century, who was most successful at using diplomacy in securing rights to use land?
Iroquois
Which indigenous group formed the Great League of Peace?
Iroquois
Who were the Native Americans who created the Great League of Peace?
Iroquois
By the end of the seventeenth century, who was most successful at using diplomacy in securing rights to use land?
Iroquois.
Which of the following statements accurately describe to the task system
It allowed slaves time for leisure or to cultivate crops on their own if they completed daily jobs
Which of the following statements accurately describes the "task" system?
It allowed slaves time for leisure or to cultivate crops on their own if they completed daily jobs.
What is the significance of the Ninth Amendment?
It declared that rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution were "retained by the people."
In what way was Reconstruction policy a success?
It established an amendment promising equal protection for all.
What made Thomas Paine's Common Sense a unique document?
It expanded the size of the public sphere, going beyond the elite.
What is the significance of the Uprising in 1622?
It fundamentally altered the balance of power between the Indians and English.
What is the significance of the Uprising of 1622?
It fundamentally altered the balance of power between the Indians and English.
Which one of the following statements is true of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán?
It had a complex system of canals, bridges, and dams, with the Great Temple at the center.
Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trade's effect in West Africa?
It helped lead to the rise of militarized states in West Africa, whose large armies preyed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves.
Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trade affect in West Africa?
It helped lead to the rise of militarized states in west Africa, whose large armies prayed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves
What was one important legacy of the Declaration of Independence?
It inspired future revolutions against despotic governments.
How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?
It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage.
Why was the Proclamation of 1763 difficult to enforce?
It involved a large geographical area.
Why was the proclamation of 1763 difficult to Enforce
It involves such a large geographical area
When European clergy first read to Native Americans from the Bible about God creating the world in six days, to what were the Native Americans able to relate?
Many Native Americans concurred with the idea of a single supreme being creating the world.
When European clergy read to Native Americans from the Bible about God creating the world in six days, was there anything relatable for Native Americans?
Many Native Americans concurred with the idea of a single supreme being creating the world.
Which one of the following statements is true of Spanish emigrants to the New World?
Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor.
Which of the following was not a significant feature of the Salem witchcraft hysteria of the early 1690s?
Many were tried on charges of witchcraft, but no one was actually convicted.
Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?
Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands
In 1517, the German priest ________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption.
Martin Luther
Which statement best summarizes the difference between the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the colony of Rhode Island, with regard to the religious lives of their citizens?
Massachusetts believed that in order to create the godly "City on the Hill," all citizens needed to be unified in their adherence to a specific Protestant Christianity, while Rhode Island's founders believed that freedom of conscience led the way to purer individual faith and a more godly society.
Property qualifications for holding office
Meant that the landed gentry, welded considerable power in colonial Legistrators
Around 9,000 years ago, where did farming first start in the Americas?
Mexico and the mountains of South America
A substantial difference between the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Santa Fe was that
Mexico had more Spanish settlers because of gold
A substantial difference between the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Santa Fe was that
Mexico had more Spanish settlers because of gold.
A substantial difference between the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Santa Fe was that:
Mexico had more Spanish settlers because of gold.
Which of the following was a result of European selling weapons to west African leaders
Militarized states arose that used European weapons to capture slaves
what was one Result of the expanding British patriotic sentiment in the 18th century
Modern rules for cricket, the national sport, were created
In South Carolina
Most enslaved people did field work under the task system
What was a key difference between indentured servants from England and slaves from Africa?
Most indentured servants voluntarily came to the colonies
What was a key difference between indentured servants from England and slaves from Africa?
Most indentured servants voluntarily came to the colonies.
When compared to European societies, how did Indian gender relations differ?
Most, but not all, Indian societies were matrilineal.
The southern portion of the Iberian Peninsula was occupied until 1492 by which of the following religious groups?
Muslims
In terms of slave systems, how did Native American societies differ from European colonies in America?
Native American societies used slavery on a small scale.
In the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish in the Americas relied on which of the following groups to work fields and mines?
Native American workers
Europeans tended to think which one of the following about Native Americans and their cultures?
Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it
Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Paris in 1783 is true?
Native Americans were not given a role in shaping the eastern half of North America.
What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?
Native Americans, decimated by disease, had left behind cleared fields for farming.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of Spanish missionaries in California in the 18 century, such as that a father Junipero, Sierra
Native populations declined by more than a third, due to exposure to disease and environmental changes
What proportion of white Virginia families owned at least one slave in 1770
Nearly 50%
Which of the following was true of the colonial elite?
Nearly every Virginian of note achieved prominence through family connections.
Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century?
Netherlands
The Spanish set up outposts from Florida to South Carolina in part because
Spanish missionaries hoped to convert local Native Americans to Christianity
What conclusion can we draw from the royal attorney's investigation in Mexico City into the Pueblo Revolt in 1680?
Spanish officials in Mexico City and Spain had little understanding of native culture in the provinces.
In North America, three new and very different empires had arisen in the late seventeenth century-
Spanish, French, and English
By the late 1600s, the majority of enslaved labor in the West Indies worked on:
Sugar Plantations
The enlightenment thinkers who influence many educated Americans in the 18 century
Taught that reason should be the basis for judging every human institution,authority and tradition
As a result of the transatlantic slave trade, what European products became especially popular in Africa
Textiles in guns
What did the Paxton boys demand?
That they need to be removed from Pennsylvania
Participants in Shays's Rebellion sought to model their strategy on that of
The American Patriots.
What was salary neglect?
The British government's policy of leaving the colonies, largely to govern themselves
Why did George Washington eventually allow African-Americans to serve in the Continental army?
The British started offering freedom to slaves who signed up to fight for their army.
What area was a major producer of revenue for the British crown in the 18th century
The Caribbean
How did the English conquest of New Netherland affect freedom in the colony?
The Charter of Liberties and Privileges established an elections process and reaffirmed traditional English rights such as trial by jury and security of property.
What was a difference between Chinese and Portuguese navigation?
The Chinese were not looking to discover new places.
Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s?
The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings.
What strategy worked well for the colonists in fighting the British during the American Revolution?
The Continental army and militias deployed hit-and-run tactics.
How did the Dutch lose New Netherland to England?
The Dutch saw New York as being on the periphery of its empire,so they didn't protect it.
When England took over the Dutch colony that became New York:
The English end the Dutch tradition of allowing married women to conduct business in their own names.
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the impact on Maryland of seventeenth-century England's Protestant-Catholic conflict?
The English government temporarily repealed Calvert's ownership of Maryland and the colony's policies of religious toleration.
Which is true of the approach taken by English colonies to Native American land in the seventeenth century?
The English usually acquired land from the Native Americans by forcing treaties on them
Why did the English government support the establishment of the Georgia colony
The English wanted a buffer between South Carolina and Spain's Florida
Which of the following is true of slavery in history?
The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century.
Which of the following is true of slavery?
The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century.
Which of the following is true about slavery?
The English word "slavery" derives from "slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century.
In 1776, what did political philosopher Adam Smith observe about the "discovery" of the Americas?
The European colonization of the Americas changed the course of history
Why did Indians exercise more power in their relations with the French and the Dutch compared to the English?
The French and Dutch settlements were more dependent on Indians as trading partners than were the English.
Which statement is true about Native Americans who lived in the Western Hemisphere prior to the arrival of Europeans?
They descended from people who are believed to have arrived in North America from Asia between 15,000 and 60,000 years ago, via a land bridge across the Bering Strait.
What aspects of the great awakening did its critique tend to focus on
They disapproved of its lack of respect for establish churches and disorderly emotionalism
How did the Dutch interact with Native American tribes in North America?
They engaged in warfare at times with Indian tribes.
What does the omission of the word "slave" or "slavery" in the text of the original Constitution suggest about the founders?
They felt a reference to slavery tainted American ideals of liberty and equality.
What does the omission of the word "slave" or "slavery" in the text of the original Constitution suggest about the found
They felt reference to slavery tainted American ideals liberty and equality
To solidify Spain's unification, what did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella do?
They joined with the Moor leadership to bring about harmony.
As the slave society consolidated in the Chesapeake region, what happened to free blacks?
They lost many of their rights.
As the slave society consolidated in The Chesapeake region what happened to free blacks?
They lost the right to employ white servants, and to bear arms
Which of the following statements accurately describes the colonization attempts made by Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh?
They received little or no economic support from the English government.
During the French and Indian war, how did the Quakers uphold the principles
They refused to endorse the war and resigned their colonial assembly seats
Which of the following was true of newspapers in America during the period from 1790 to 1810?
They significantly grew in number.
What did Parliament hope to accomplish through the first English Navigation Act?
They sought to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.
Why were colonial assemblies critical of the Albany plan of union?
They thought their respective colonial assemblies would lose power
How did Native Americans view the concept of land ownership?
They viewed land as a common resource to use.
What was one way in which New Englanders who settled in New York impacted the colony in the 1680s?
They wanted the colony to have an elected assembly.
Many settlers came to America from England because they felt it could provide expanded opportunities. What was the primary reason aristocrats decided to immigrate?
They wanted to re-create a vanished world of feudalism.
What did the 1664 document "Maryland Act Concerning Negroes and Other Slaves" stipulate about the children born to slaves?
They were to be slaves for life.
Who wrote the following: "One of the strongest natural proofs of the folly of hereditary right in kings is that nature disapproves it, otherwise she would not so frequently turn it into ridicule, by giving mankind an ass for a lion"?
Thomas Paine
What was a key difference between indentured servants from England and slaves from Africa?
Three-quarters of indentured servants escaped to another colony and found permanent freedom.
What are the primary purposes of the proclamation of 1763?
To bring stability to the colonial frontier
In his 1765 speech to Pennsylvania provincial Council what does scarouyady Urge the Pennsylvania colonists to do in regard to Delaware, Indians, and the six nations
To defeat, these groups militarily in order to establish dominance of the colonist
Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:
Tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society
Which of the following was not a theme of seventeenth-century British mercantilism?
Trade should flow freely among all lands, unimpeded by government policy.
What religion did the majority of enslaved African people in North America practice in the 18th century?
Traditional African religions
Which statement about gender relations is FALSE for most Native American societies?
Tribal leaders were almost always women.
A Discourse Concerning Western Planting argued that English settlement of North America would strike a blow against Spain.
True
A major goal of Spanish colonization was to convert Native Americans to Catholicism.
True
By 1700, almost 2 million acres of land was owned by five New York families
True
By 1775, three-fifths of the English owned no land, but about two-thirds of the free male colonists in British North America owned land.
True
During the early to mid-eighteenth century, consumption of manufactured goods penetrated deep into the colonial countryside.
True
During the eighteenth century, British colonies diversified along ethnic and religious lines.
True
During the first half of the eighteenth century, the flow of non-English migrants to British North America was larger than that of English migrants.
True
Early settlers of Jamestown preferred gold to farming.
True
Fourteen women and five men were hanged as witches in the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692.
True
In 1678, when the Lords of Trade in England queried the Massachusetts government about how well it was following the Navigation Acts, the Lords received the reply from the colony that the Navigation Acts did not apply to the colony unless the colony's own government (not the British Parliament, but rather the Massachusetts General Court) approved them.
True
In 1705, the House of Burgesses enacted strict slave codes.
True
In the 1700s, 90 percent of colonists in British North America worked farms.
True
In the Walking Purchase of 1737, the Lenni Lanape Indians of Pennsylvania lost more land than they had anticipated when Governor James Logan hired a team of runners to mark off the amount of land "a man could walk" in thirty-six hours.
True
In the first half of the eighteenth century, low taxes, the lack of a military draft, high wages for skilled workers, and an abundance of liberties characterized life for many whites in the British colonies of North America.
True
In the mid-1700s, per capita, the richest people in the world were most likely the (non-slave) colonists in what would later become the United States.
True
Jamestown was originally settled only by men.
True
New York was named after King Charles II's brother, James, the Duke of York
True
Oliver Cromwell's Parliament passed the first Navigation Act, aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.
True
Portuguese seafarers initially hoped to locate African gold.
True
Religious freedom in 18th century Colonial American was widely practiced but not reflected in the law
True
The English eclipsed the Dutch as the leading producer and trader of inexpensive consumer goods in the eighteenth century.
True
The English increasingly viewed America as a land where a man could control his own labor and thus gain independence.
True
The English word "slave" derives from the word "Slav," that is, a people from Eastern Europe who were enslaved by other Europeans into the 1400s.
True
The Indians of North America believed that land was a common resource and the basis of economic life.
True
The middle ranks of colonial America were those who lived between extreme wealth and poverty.
True
The rise of black slavery in Virginia developed only gradually, over several generations.
True
Tituba, who was one of the people accused of being a witch in Salem, was originally an Indian from the Caribbean who, in 1692, was a slave in Massachusetts.
True
True or False: Many Dutch identified with American Indians as fellow victims of Spanish oppression.
True
True or False: Religious toleration violated the Puritan understanding of moral liberty.
True
True or False: Self-denial was an important element of the Puritan understanding of freedom.
True
True or False: The Spanish Reconquista required that all Muslims and Jews convert to Catholicism or leave Spain immediately.
True
True or False: Zheng He's voyages reached as far west as Africa. Group of answer choices
True
Under the seventeenth-century British Navigation Acts, certain goods produced in the colonies had to be taken in English ships and sold in ports in England.
True
Vastly more people living in the colonies had far greater opportunities—to vote, own land, worship freely—than existed in Europe.
True
Virginia's upper class in the 1700s was sometimes called a "cousinocracy."
True
Whigs believed that the federal government was responsible for promoting the welfare of the people and securing liberty.
True
Which of the following is true of how the U.S. government in the 1790s dealt with Native Americans?
U.S. government made treaties with them mainly to transfer land to itself
How did the Articles of Confederation compare to the Constitution with regard to the economy?
Under the Articles, states made decisions about the economy than nat. gov.
What was key to making the enslavement of Africans an enduring economic and social institution in colonial America?
Unlike in Africa, the skin color of enslaved Africans in America made it difficult for them to escape into surrounding society, and slavery became perpetual, as the children of slaves were slaves too.
As leader of the Jamestown Colony, John Smith:
Used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together
18th century colonial government office holders
Usually members of elite families with large land holdings
Which was not part of the Dominion of New England (1686-1688)?
Vermont
Which was not part of the Dominion of New England (1686-88)?
Vermont
Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go?
Virginia
Which of the following was a consequence of the Uprising of 1622?
Virginia experienced a major shift in the power balance of the colony and, as a result, became the first royal colony
How did Bacon's Rebellion accelerate Virginia's shift from using indentured servants to enslaved Africans as the main labor force?
Virginia's ruling elite sought to avert a further rise of a rebellious population of landless former indentured servants.
Governor William Berkeley's regime:
Was a corrupt alliance of the Virginia colony's wealthiest tobacco planters.
In the 18th century British freedom
Was closely identified with Protestantism and identified nearly every other nation as a slave to catholicism tyranny or Barbarism
Ultimately, what led to the colonies' victory in the American Revolution?
Washington's ability to keep an army together.
The French in North America
Were greatly outnumbered by the British on the continent
North American crops and products:
Were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire.
The idea of liberalism in 18 century British politics
What is compatible with inequalities in wealth and well-being
What differentiated slavery New England, in the middle colonies from slavery in the southern colonies
Where is New England in the middle colonies had non-plantation-based slavery slavery in the south. Focus on the tobacco and rice-based plantation systems.
Which of the following describes women's rights under "coverture"?
Which of the following describes women's rights under "coverture"?
Which was responsible for the greatest number of deaths among soldiers during the Civil War?
Which was responsible for the greatest number of deaths among soldiers during the Civil War?
Which of the following statements is true of the Jamestown colony?
While about half of its settlers died in the first year, forced labor enabled it to survive.
Which of the following statements is true of the Jamestown colony?
While about half of its settlers dies in the first year, forced labor enable it to survive.
Why is Document 2 considered an important milestone in the history of religious tolerance? Link to online document: https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/colonial-religion/sources/605
While all citizens must avow a belief in God, and Jesus Christ as his son and savior of the world, they are free to practice that Christian belief in their own way.
In Carolina, conflict with Indians occurred, but similar problems did NOT take place in Pennsylvania because:
William Penn did not permit the enslavement of India
English finally succeeded in the feeding the French and the seven years war. Thanks to the ship
William Pitt
What was a challenge for the United States during the War of 1812?
Without a national bank, the war was difficult to finance.
Why did many women in Virginia not start a family until their mid-twenties?
Women mostly came to Virginia as indentured servants.
As English colonial society became more structured in the eighteenth century, what were the effects on women?
Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home.
Olaudah Equiano
Wrote the 18th centuries, most widely read autobiographical account of slaves own experiences
After the Civil War, which territory became the first to allow women to vote?
Wyoming
A central element in the definition of English liberty was: a.the right to a trial by jury. b.the right to self-incrimination. c.that each English citizen owned a copy of the English Constitution. d.freedom of expression. e.what an individual king or queen said it was.
a
All of the following contributed to the English social crisis of the late sixteenth century EXCEPT: a.a lower birth rate, which made it difficult to find workers for new industries. b.the enclosure movement, which forced thousands of peasants from farms. c.increased prices buoyed by the influx of gold and silver from Latin America. d.decreased wages in the cities. e.the invasion of the cities by vagrants, who wandered the roads in search of work.
a
All of the following statements are true of the Atlantic trade in the eighteenth century EXCEPT: a.Although important, slave-grown crops actually accounted for only a small portion of the value of the trade. b.The profits from the slave trade in particular stimulated the rise of key English ports. c.New England and the Middle Colonies exported fish, grain, and lumber to the West Indies. d.Profits from the Atlantic trade helped finance the early Industrial Revolution. e.Europe was the primary market for colonial-grown products such as rice and indigo.
a
For most New Englanders, Indians represented: a.savagery. b.teachers. c.curiosities. d.culture. e.survival.
a
How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development? a.It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage. b.It fired John Smith and brought in a more popular leader. c.It gave control back to the king, who straightened out its problems. d.It required all settlers to grow tobacco, a highly profitable crop. e.It created an executive committee that really ran the colony and a committee of colonists who thought they were running it.
a
In Puritan marriages: a.reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal. b.divorce was not allowed. c.husbands could beat their wives without interference from the authorities. d.wives were banned from attending church because they might end up disagreeing with how their husbands interpreted the sermon. e.women could speak only when spoken to.
a
In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England: a.was more family-oriented. b.did not involve class-based hierarchies. c.was not as deeply religious. d.allowed for equal legal rights for women and men. e.centered on an economy based on one cash crop.
a
Tobacco production in Virginia: a.enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government. b.benefited from the endorsement of King James I. c.declined after its original success, as Europeans learned the dangers of smoking. d.resulted in more unified settlements, thanks to tobacco's propensity to grow only in certain areas of Virginia. e.was under the control of two planters, Walter Winston and the Earl of Kent.
a
What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty? a.He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good. b.He saw two kinds of liberty: negative liberty, the restricting of freedoms for the sake of others, and positive liberty, the assuring of rights through a constitution. c.He believed that individual rights took precedence over the rights of the community. d.He believed in a dictatorship, with only himself in charge of it. e.He believed "liberty" had a religious but not a political meaning.
a
Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land? a.Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians. b.They simply tried to wipe out Native Americans and then took their land. c.They encouraged settlers to move onto Native American land and take it. d.They totally respected those ties and let the natives stay in all rural areas, negotiating settlements to obtain the coastal lands. e.The English offered natives the chance to remain on the land as slaves and, when this offer was declined, forced them off of it.
a
Which of the following was a consequence of the Seven Years' War? a.strengthened pride among American colonists about being part of the British empire b.the founding of the new colony of Ohio in territory acquired from France c.a weakening of liberties as France made gains in North America d.the creation of a central colonial government under the Albany Plan of Union e.increased popularity of the Anglican Church among ordinary colonists
a
Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s? a.Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic. b.Because of the Spanish Armada's successful invasion of Great Britain in 1588. c.Because Spain had allied with France to invade English colonies in the New World. d.Because one of Henry VIII's beheaded wives was a Spanish princess, and the Spanish government announced it would be at war with England until Henry apologized. e.Because both the English and Spanish royal families laid claim to the Irish throne
a
Stono Rebellion
a 1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws
Lord Baltimore's sudden voting restriction based on land accumulation resulted in
a Protestant uprising calling for his removal of office
What would be a good representation of Enlightenment principles?
a botanist who studied nature to uncover why a certain plant kept dying
If a man from Maine came to live in the South as a teacher, what would he most likely be labeled as?
a carpetbagger
The Mayflower Compact established
a civil government for Plymouth Colony.
he Mayflower Compact established:
a civil government for plymouth colony
Religious dissension in England during the first half of the seventeenth century resulted in:
a civil war
Which of the following was not a major cause of Bacon's Rebellion?
a determination to abolish slavery in Virginia
Which of the following was not a major cause of Bacon's Rebellion?
a determination to end slavery in virginia
What did Bartolomé de Las Casas predict for the future of the American continent?
a devastating rebellion that would doom Spanish colonizers
Which of the following was not a key factor behind the introduction of black slavery in the Chesapeake?
a fear that West Africans, if left alone, might seek to establish colonies of their own in North America, or even Europe
What was Liberalism?
a focus on an individual and private, people selflessly gave up their right to themselves to enjoy the benefit the rule of law
Which of the following scenarios would have met the definitions of freedom by most North American Indians at the time of European arrival?
a growing tribal community with a lively religious life
Which of the following was not central to William Penn's vision for his Quaker colony?
a hands-off policy toward private behavior
Under the Dutch in North America, "half freedom" referred to
a labor and land relationship with enslaved Africans.
What did the delegates of the Constitutional Convention agree that the Constitution should create?
a legislature, an executive, and a national judiciary
Who in the Pennsylvania colony was eligible to vote?
a majority of male population
Who in the Pennsylvania colony was eligible to vote?
a majority of the male population
Of the English women who came to Virginia in the seventeenth century,
a majority were indentured servants who labored in the tobacco fields, often facing early death and sexual abuse by masters.
Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England
a middle-aged woman who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband
Which one of the following statements about Spanish American is true? a) Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture-- part Spanish, part American Indian, and in some areas, part African b) Mestizos enjoyed much political freedom and held most of the high government positions c) Spaniards outnumbered the Americans Indian inhabitants after fifty years of settlement d) the Catholic Church played only a minor role in Spanish America
a) Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture-- part Spanish, part American Indian, and in some areas, part African
(excerpt about pirates) The main point of this excerpt best reflects which of the following ideas? a) imperial competition in the new World b) differences in goals for Europeans colonies c) focus on trade with American indians d) export of raw materials in Columbian exchange
a) imperial competition in the new world
Which of the following is a true statement about the economy of the British colonies? a) small farms and commerce dominated New England, while the production of staple crops was the backbone of the middle and southern colonies b) the fur trade was teh basis for the New England economy until the Beaver Wars, when cereal crops replaced furs as the predominant trade product c) the middle colonies had the least diverse economy, with their focus on plantation agriculture of staple crops such as tobacco and sugar d) small farms and manufactured items formed the basis of the southern colonies until the discovery of the slave trade and indenture
a) small farms and commerce dominated New England, while the production of staple crops was the backbone of the middle and southern colonies
Bacon's Rebellion was a response to a) worsening economic conditions in Virginia b) increased slavery in the Carolinas c) the Glorious Revolution in England d) the Salem witch trials
a) worsening economic conditions in Virginia
How did pirates and smugglers reflect a growing sense of autonomy among British colonists in the 17th century? (4 points) a. Both groups developed an independent political culture separate from the British monarchy. b. Both groups supported open rebellion against British control to create separate nations. c. Both groups saw mercantilist policies as opportunities for growth outside the British empire. d. Both groups demanded British recognition and respect for their laws and traditions.
a. Both groups developed an independent political culture separate from the British monarchy.
Which of the following European events did not contribute to the Anglicization of the British colonies? a. Reconquista b. Enlightenment c. Glorious Revolution d. Protestant Reformation
a. Reconquista
"Anglicization" meant all of the following except that a. colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England b. colonists imported the latest London fashions and literature c. those colonists who could afford to do so often sent their sons to England to be educated d. the upper-class colonists modeled their lives on British etiquette
a. colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England
How did English rule affect the Iroquois Confederacy? a. After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions. b. The English destroyed the Iroquois Confederacy temporarily but revived it under Sir Edmund Andros's rule after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. c. English oppression drove the Iroquois to the side of the French, who eagerly sought their support. d. It enabled the Iroquois to build alliances with other tribes against a common enemy. e. The Iroquois adopted the English constitutional system.
a. After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions.
How did Americans tend to describe their nation during the era of the Revolution?
as a "rising empire," destined to populate and control all of North america
Which of the following statements accurately describes life in New France?
a. After finishing their contracts, most indentured servants in New France returned to France.
All of the following statements are true of the Atlantic trade in the eighteenth century EXCEPT: a. Although important, slave-grown crops actually accounted for only a small portion of the value of the trade. b. The profits from the slave trade in particular stimulated the rise of key English ports. c. New England and the Middle Colonies exported fish, grain, and lumber to the West Indies. d. Profits from the Atlantic trade helped finance the early industrial revolution. e. Europe was the primary market for colonial-grown products such as rice and indigo.
a. Although important, slave-grown crops actually accounted for only a small portion of the value of the trade.
Which one of the following is true of the English West Indies in the seventeenth century? a. By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands. b. Mixed economies with small farms worked by indentured servants dominated islands such as Barbados throughout the century. c. Frequent uprisings by African slaves caused the English to abandon the West Indies by the 1680s and to relocate staple crop production to mainland North America. d. The free labor system of the West Indies stood in stark contrast to the slave labor system of the Chesapeake. e. Indentured servants replaced African slaves in the West Indies once the demand for slaves in Carolina drained away the African population of the islands.
a. By the end of the century, the African population far outnumbered the European population on most islands.
When Native Americans first encountered Europeans, what led to the European diseases being so deadly?
a. Centuries of continental isolation meant the Native Americans had no immunity.
Which of the following was true of Georgia? a. Colonists sought self-government to gain the right to introduce slavery. b. It was the only colony to maintain a ban on liquor until independence. c. The philanthropists who founded it expected slavery to help the lower class Englishmen they brought to the colony. d. Its residents invaded Florida and took it from Spain in the War of Jenkins' Ear. e. It was named for the most important British queen of the eighteenth century.
a. Colonists sought self-government to gain the right to introduce slavery.
What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty? a. He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good. b. He saw two kinds of liberty: negative liberty, the restricting of freedoms for the sake of others, and positive liberty, the assuring of rights through a constitution. c. He believed that individual rights took precedence over the rights of the community. d. He believed in a dictatorship, with only himself in charge of it. e. He believed "liberty" had a religious but not a political meaning.
a. He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good.
14. What was the most significant result of Ferdinand Magellan's explorations? a. He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. b. He died in the Caribbean islands. c. He led the conquering of the Aztecs. d. His voyages corrected Columbus's erroneous assessment of the earth's size. e. He and his men were the first Europeans to encounter bison.
a. He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.
In the early seventeenth century, how did the English generally view humanity?
as divided between "civilized" people such as themselves, and "savage," "pagan," people, such as the Irish, Native Americans, and Africans
Puritans followed the religious ideas of the French-born theologian: a. John Calvin b. Martin Guerre c. Jacques Baptiste d. Charles LeGrand e. Ulrich Zwingli
a. John Calvin
Which one of the following statements is true of Spanish emigrants to the New World?
a. Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor.
Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?
a. Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.
A substantial difference between the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Santa Fe was that
a. Mexico had more Spanish settlers because of gold.
Acoma was an Indian city in present-day ________ that the Spanish destroyed.
a. New Mexico
What historical evidence demonstrates that blacks were being held as slaves for life by the 1640s? a. Property registers list white servants with the number of years they were to work, but blacks (with higher valuations) had no terms of service associated with their names. b. Transcripts from legislative debates in the House of Burgesses show that Virginia lawmakers were debating whether permanent slave status was a good idea. c. Records of declining tobacco prices show that it had become harder to keep labor, which would have forced planters to turn increasingly to Africans and away from white servants. d. There is none, because slavery did not fully exist in Virginia until after Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. e. Advertisements for slaves began appearing in newspapers regularly by 1642.
a. Property registers list white servants with the number of years they were to work, but blacks (with higher valuations) had no terms of service associated with their names.
What statement best characterizes religion in Europe on the eve of colonization?
a. Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order.
In the early seventeenth century, how did the English generally view humanity?
as divided between "civilized" people such as themselves, and "savage," "pagan," people, such as the Irish, Native Americans, and Africans, all of whom they often compared to animals
Which one of the following is true of slavery? a. The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century. b. Christians never were enslaved. c. The Roman Empire outlawed it, but it revived, thanks to Columbus. d. It was nonexistent in Africa until the arrival of European slave traders. e. In every culture in which it existed, it was based on the needs of large-scale agriculture.
a. The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century.
1. In 1776, what did political philosopher Adam Smith observe about the "discovery" of the Americas? a. The European colonization of the Americas changed the course of history. b. The idea of slavery in the New World originated with the Native Americans. c. In reference to the Americas, the term "discovery" is misleading and should not be used. d. Christopher Columbus's role in settling the New World was insignificant. e. Native Americans had benefited tremendously from European encounters.
a. The European colonization of the Americas changed the course of history.
Unlike Spanish missionaries, which of the following was true of the Jesuits in regard to converting Indians?
a. The Jesuits did not suppress traditional Indian religious customs.
Which of the following statements accurately describes religion in New Netherland?
a. The government tolerated the practice of religion in private.
Which of the following is true of the Puritans' dealings with Quakers? a. Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them. b. They welcomed the Quakers and thus were happy to help them set up the Pennsylvania colony. c. They fought Charles II's efforts to oppress and suppress Quakers. d. They passed a law ordering all Quakers to leave Massachusetts or face imminent death. e. They resented the Quakers for their shrewd business practices.
a. Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them.
What ironic consequence did William Penn's generous policies, such as religious toleration and inexpensive land, have? a. They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor. b. Now that Pennsylvania attracted so many settlers, Carolina was desperate for laborers and began a vast Indian slave trade. c. They actually discouraged suspicious Europeans from choosing Pennsylvania as a place to settle. d. They led the Puritan authorities in Massachusetts to adopt religious toleration in order to compete with Pennsylvania for colonists. e. They encouraged poor residents of New York and New Jersey to move to Pennsylvania in such numbers that Penn repealed his policies within a decade.
a. They contributed to the increasing reliance of Virginia and Maryland on African slave labor.
John Locke's political philosophy stressed: a. a contract system between the people and the government. b. the necessity to good government of the monarch having absolute power. c. that mercantilism was necessary for a strong nation. d. religious toleration for all. e. that strong government prevented a "war of all against all."
a. a contract system between the people and the government.
In the 1640s, leaders of the House of Commons: a. accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent. b. supported efforts to move England back to Catholicism. c. aided Charles I in overthrowing his father, James I. d. opposed Oliver Cromwell's "Commonwealth" government. e. refused to allow new colonists to emigrate to America.
a. accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent.
Nathaniel Bacon: a. actually was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him. b. had no connection to Virginia's wealthiest planters. c. won unanimous support for his effort to reduce taxes, but his effort to remove all Native Americans from the colony doomed his rebellion. d. burned down Jamestown but never succeeded in taking over the colony or driving out Governor Berkeley. e. was the first colonist to open his own slaughterhouse.
a. actually was socially closer to the elite than to the indentured servants who supported him.
A consequence of the English Civil War of the 1640s was: a. an English belief that England was the world's guardian of liberty. b. an increase in the power of the Stuart kings. c. the establishment of Plymouth Colony. d. the signing of the Magna Carta. e. the outbreak of war between Spain and England.
a. an English belief that England was the world's guardian of liberty.
In regard to history, what was a borderland?
a. an unclear geographical and cultural border
Boston merchants: a. challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control. b. refused to trade with anyone outside of the Puritan faith. c. paid for Anne Hutchinson's prosecution. d. had enjoyed widespread freedom to trade since the establishment of the colony. e. controlled John Winthrop.
a. challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control.
Roger Williams argued that: a. church and state must be totally separated. b. Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it. c. religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom. d. Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith. e. only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.
a. church and state must be totally separated.
The Puritan minister Thomas Hooker: a. founded what became part of the colony of Connecticut. b. insisted that Massachusetts pay Indians for land the colony took from them. c. was Anne Hutchinson's minister and thus created problems for the Puritan leadership. d. tried to minister to Puritan women who fell victim to the big city of Boston, for which his name eventually became associated with prostitutes. e. defended the rights of conscience in a spirited debate with Puritan leaders about church-state relations
a. founded what became part of the colony of Connecticut.
During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660: a. new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church. b. groups began calling for the elimination of a written English constitution, on the grounds that kings merely abused its privileges. c. writer John Milton called for an end to freedom of speech and press, because it caused too much controversy. d. the execution of King Charles II led to new debates about crime and punishment. e. thousands of American colonists returned to England to participate in the Civil War.
a. new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church.
Thomas Paine's Common Sense:
argued that America would become the home of freedom and "an asylum for mankind."
In Puritan marriages: a. reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal. b. divorce was not allowed. c. husbands could beat their wives without interference from the authorities. d. wives were banned from attending church because they might end up disagreeing with how their husbands interpreted the sermon. e. women could speak only when spoken to.
a. reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal.
The Massachusetts General Court: a. reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference. b. was chosen by the king. c. was chosen by the governor. d. ruled the colony from its beginnings in 1630. e. by law had to consist of a majority of Puritan judges.
a. reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference.
Carolina grew slowly until: a. rice as a staple crop was discovered to be extremely profitable. b. slaves were brought into the colony. c. an alliance with the Indians was signed. d. cotton was introduced into the colony. e. the king forced the English poor to settle the area.
a. rice as a staple crop was discovered to be extremely profitable.
For most New Englanders, Indians represented: a. savagery. b. teachers. c. curiosities. d. culture. e. survival.
a. savagery.
What form of behavior did William Penn ban in his Pennsylvania colony? a. swearing b. alcohol consumption c. dancing in public or in private d. laughing during religious services e. singing outside of church
a. swearing
What does the seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony imply? a. that the Indians wished for the English to come over and help liberate them b. that the Puritans were establishing a "city upon a hill" and a religious refuge c. that the new colony was prosperous through fur trading, fishing, and timber industries d. that the area was filled with hostile Indians that would be subdued through the force of the militia e. that Massachusetts was the jewel in the British empire's crown
a. that the Indians wished for the English to come over and help liberate them
A central element in the definition of English liberty was: a. the right to a trial by jury. b. the right to self-incrimination. c. that each English citizen owned a copy of the English Constitution. d. freedom of expression. e. what an individual king or queen said it was.
a. the right to a trial by jury.
7. When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans a. tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans. b. immediately opened treaty negotiations regarding land and resources. c. promptly united against them in open warfare. d. immediately surrendered due to the Europeans' superiority. e. simply moved away to avoid any interactions with them.
a. tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans
The southern Black Codes
arrested former slaves for vagrancy who failed to sign labor contract
Slaves showed little inclination to challenge their enslavement in seventeenth- and early-eighteenth-century Virginia.
false
Maryland's founder, Cecilius Calvert: a. wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain, with power limited for ordinary people. b. supported total religious freedom for all of the colony's inhabitants. c. gave a great deal of power to the elected assembly but not to the royal governor. d. lost ownership of the colony and died a pauper. e. actually hated Catholics, which is why he set up a colony for them in a swamp.
a. wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain, with power limited for ordinary people.
In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England: a. was more family oriented. b. did not involve class-based hierarchies. c. was not as deeply religious. d. allowed for equal legal rights for women and men. e. centered on an economy based on one cash crop.
a. was more family oriented.
Bacon's Rebellion was a response to: a. worsening economic conditions in Virginia. b. increased slavery in the Carolinas. c. Indian attacks in New England. d. the Glorious Revolution in England. e. the Salem witch trials.
a. worsening economic conditions in Virginia.
Olaudah Equiano: a. wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read account by a slave of a slave's own experiences. b. was popular with Europeans for telling them that their culture was far superior to that of Africans like himself. c. demonstrated in his writings that he perfectly fit the stereotype that blacks were savages incapable of becoming civilized. d. led several Central American slave insurrections before his death. e. was one of the few children of African-American and Native-American descent ever to be the chief of his Indian tribe.
a. wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read account by a slave of a slave's own experiences.
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (1669) ended hereditary nobility, and abolished landgraves and caciques.
false
In the 1640s, leaders of the House of Commons
accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent.
"Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of __________ as the essence of liberty.
active participation in public life by property-owning citizens
By 1840, 90 percent of which group in the United States was eligible to vote?
adult white men
What primarily motivated the British to place a tax on tea by passing the Tea Act?
aiding the financially ailing East India Company, a giant trading monopoly
The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell:
aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.
The Charter of Liberties and Privileges
allowed for a trial by jury and the security of property.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the "task" system?
allowed slaves time for leisure or to cultivate crops on their own
In the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692,
almost 150 people, mostly women, were accused of witchcraft
In the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692,
almost 150 people, mostly women, were accused of witchcraft.
Which European city was known in the early seventeenth century as a haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain?
amsterdam
A "praying Indian" was the term for
an Indian who converted to Christianity.
Who in the sixteenth-century Spanish empire would have the most authority?
an administrative official from Spain
Who in the sixteenth-century Spanish empire would have the most authority? Group of answer choices
an administrative official from Spain
What was the Covenant Chain?
an alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy
The "Atlantic World" refers to
an interdependent web in which diverse people, ideas, and goods of several empires and continents flowed back and forth across the Atlantic.
The "Atlantic World" refers to...
an interdependent web in which diverse people, ideas, and goods of several empires and continents flowed back and forth across the Atlantic.
In regard to history, what was a borderland?
an unclear geographical and cultural border
Why did apprenticeship and indentured servitude decline after the Revolution?
apprenticeship and indentured servitude was incompatible with Rep. Citizen
(number of Africans transported to the new world graph) which of the following is the best explanation for the information shown in the graph? a) atlantic slave trade b) columbian exchange c) new england agriculture d) increased indenture contracts
atlantic slave trade
As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a.there was an increase in the number of jobless peasants, whom the British government aided with an early form of welfare. b.efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis. c.mass numbers of peasants converted from Protestantism to Catholicism, because the Catholic Church took better care of the poor. d.there was a sharp reduction in the number of sheep and other livestock. e.the spread of the Black Plague decreased because of the elimination of cramped living quarters
b
How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization? a.The English constitutional system would improve on Spain's less structured system in the New World. b.English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny. c.The only way to achieve true freedom was through wealth, and the abundant gold in the New World would make all Englishmen wealthy. d.A person was only truly free when outside the constraints of established societies such as those in Europe. e.He claimed no such connection; he saw them as separate and unrelated.
b
How did colonial politics compare with British politics? a.British politics were far more democratic, befitting the British belief in liberty and the number of proprietary and royal colonies. b.Colonists tended to agree with the British that owning property was related to having the right to vote. c.Most colonies, unlike Britain, at least allowed propertied women to vote. d.Elections throughout the colonies were more hotly contested than British ones, with many different candidates and parties represented on the ballot. e.Colonial politics proved far more corrupt until the Licentiousness Act of 1694.
b
How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state? a.They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact pro-religious legislation. b.They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister. c.The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion. d.They had never even heard of the concept. e.They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it.
b
In Great Britain, the idea of working for wages: a.was so dishonorable that many refused to accept money for their work and instead received food and shelter. b.was associated with servility and the loss of liberty. c.was romanticized in ballads and tales. d.meant true freedom. e.grew more popular among the poor during the sixteenth century.
b
In Puritan New England: a.it was illegal for a woman to have children after the age of twenty-eight, so childbearing began earlier than it did elsewhere. b.infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier. c.women married at an older age than their English counterparts. d.most women gave birth at least ten times. e.men were required by law to become fathers.
b
In the Chesapeake region, slavery: a.was geographically restricted to the Tidewater area until transportation improved in the nineteenth century. b.rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680. c.was the labor system preferred by planters as early as the 1620s. d.allowed planters to make vast profits from cotton and rice as well as from tobacco. e.was so widely practiced that nearly three-fifths of white households in 1770 included a slave owner.
b
In the Pequot War of 1637: a.the Pequots defeated the Puritans in a battle that temporarily drove back the Massachusetts Bay settlers to only three coastal towns. b.Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots. c.the Narragansetts joined the Pequots to fight the Puritans, leading to the elimination of both tribes. d.the barbarity of the Native Americans surprised the colonists. e.the Pequots took over the old Pilgrim colony and made it their own.
b
In the economic exchanges between the English colonists and eastern Native Americans: A.the arrival of new English goods had no impact on how Indians lived. B.Native Americans initially welcomed the colonists' goods. C.Native Americans sought to keep English goods from influencing their religious ceremonies. D.Native Americans never became integrated into the Atlantic economy. E.Native Americans soon saw that the colonists' goods were shoddier than their own.
b
Pontiac's Rebellion: a.greatly helped the British defeat the French in the Seven Years' War. b.although named for an Ottawa warrior, owed its origins as much to the teachings of a religious prophet. c.established the Mississippi River as the western boundary of British North America. d.ended with surrender of all the Indian forces only six months after fighting began. e.led Britain to adopt the policy of salutary neglect in its American colonies.
b
How did Native Americans conceive of property?
families might use a specific plot of land for a season
Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as: a.good, because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion. b.dangerous to social harmony and community stability. c.important, but they banned neighbors from reporting on one another, because that would breed division that could harm the community. d.vital, because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England. e.dangerous to the individual but good for the community.
b
Slave resistance in the eighteenth century: a.was limited to running away, since mounting an armed rebellion would have been impossible and deadly. b.included rebellions in both northern and southern colonies that led to the deaths of several of those involved in planning the conspiracies. c.most famously included the War of Jenkins' Ear, fought over the habit that masters developed of slicing off the ears of rebellious slaves. d.prompted southern lawmakers to cut off slave imports from Africa and the Caribbean by mid-century. e.led to a strong but ultimately unsuccessful movement to abolish slavery in Georgia in the 1760s.
b
The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that: a.the Indians along the frontier finally had to be subdued. b.France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company. c.they had to aid the English, who d.taxes were too high, so they solicited help from both the French and the Indians. e.French Jesuits were converting too many Indians to Catholicism, endangering the Protestant majority on the North American continent.
b
The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that: a.the Indians along the frontier finally had to be subdued. b.France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company. c.they had to aid the English, who were fighting Napoleon in Europe. d.taxes were too high, so they solicited help from both the French and the Indians. e.French Jesuits were converting too many Indians to Catholicism, endangering the Protestant majority on the North American continent.
b
The Native American leader Powhatan: a.tried to avoid trade with the colonists because he believed that it would destroy Native American culture. b.managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes. c.was the brother of Pocahontas. d.invited the colonists to feasts with his tribe and then slaughtered eighty Virginia settlers. e.won the respect of the colonists when he defeated John Smith in a wrestling match.
b
The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was: a.an outdated idea. b.to be unquestioned. c.so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife. d.not supposed to resemble God's authority in any way, because that would be blasphemous. e.limited only by the number of children—the more, the better.
b
The Virginia House of Burgesses: a.was dissolved by King James because he objected to all representative government. b.was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival. c.banned the importation of servants. d.had more power than the governor. e.was included in the original charter for the Jamestown Colony.
b
The most successful colonial governors: a.blocked the rising power of colonial assemblies, thereby pleasing the king and Parliament. b.used their appointive powers and control of land grants to win allies in colonial legislatures. c.abolished the colonial judicial system, whose members frequently overturned their executive orders and legislative action. d.were able to stay in office during the Revolutionary War and went on to enjoy political power after independence. e.had to leave office after twelve years, because the king and Parliament imposed term limits.
b
To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headright system, which: a.granted religious freedom. b.provided land to settlers who paid their own and others' passage. c.brought slavery to the colony. d.promised every single man a bride. e.enslaved Indians.
b
What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty? a.literacy b.land c.the English Bill of Rights d.church membership e.a wage-paying job
b
What did Neolin tell his people they must reject? a.a pan-Indian identity b.European technology and material goods c.the enslavement of Africans d.an alliance with the French e.the use of English in trade negotiations
b
Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trade's effect in West Africa? a.It had little effect on West Africa, because more than 90 percent of enslaved people came from East Africa. b.It helped lead to the rise of militarized states in West Africa, whose large armies preyed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves. c.It encouraged the expansion of West Africa's domestic textile industry, which supplied clothing for slaves. d.It led to an increase in West Africa's population during the 1700s as slave traders encouraged women to have more children who would then be sold into slavery. e.It successfully united West African nations to resist European slave traders, who reluctantly ended the trade by 1763.
b
Which of the following is true of eighteenth-century slavery in South Carolina and Georgia? a.The laws in those colonies created a very static institution with few differences among plantations, small farms, and cities. b.Plantation slaves enjoyed far more autonomy than they did in other colonies, allowing them to maintain more of their African culture. c.Because of the high death rates of Africans due to malaria, slave populations declined by 5 to 10 percent per decade during the 1700s. d.Because the governments of South Carolina and Georgia strictly enforced laws preventing sexual contact between whites and blacks, a significant population of racially mixed individuals never developed. e.Colonial law gave freedom to any slave who successfully escaped to Charleston or Savannah
b
Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century? a.They were completely unified on all issues. b.They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines. c.They differed completely with the views of the Church of England. d.They came to the colonies because they had no hope of holding any power in England. e.John Winthrop founded the church.
b
Which one of the following is true of indentured servants? a.They could not be sold by their masters. b.Their masters could determine whether they could marry. c.Pregnant women received their freedom early. d.They could not be physically punished because, unlike slaves, they had rights as English citizens. e.Three-quarters of them ran away and found permanent freedom.
b
Who drafted the Albany Plan of Union? a.George Washington b.Ben Franklin C.William Pitt d.John Peter Zenger e.Thomas Jefferson
b
Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church? a.The Pope had banned England from exploring the New World because the Church already had limited land ownership there to Spain and Portugal. b.He wanted a divorce, and the Pope refused to grant it. c.He was trying to unify Great Britain. d.He wanted to be pope, and the College of Cardinals refused to elect an English Catholic. e.He thought the Catholic Church was corrupt and he wanted to protect the English people from its abuses.
b
The city situated along the Mississippi River that served as a significant center of trade in the year 1200 is known today as a) Poverty Point b) Chahokia c) Great Basin d) Tenochtitlan
b) Chahokia
What did the Black Legend describe? a) English pirates along the African coast b) Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer c) Portugal as a vast trading empire d) The Aztecs' view of Cortes
b) Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer
The system of indentured labor used during the Colonial period had which of the following effects? a) it enabled England to deport most criminals b) it enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America c) it delayed the establishment of slavery in the South until about 1750 d) it facilitated the cultivation of cotton in the south e) it instituted social equality
b) it enabled poor people to seek opportunity in America
Both Aztecs and Inca empires were a) small in population but advanced infrastructure b) large, wealthy, and sophisticated c) large in geographic size but sparsely populated d) small and rural, with few impressive buildings
b) large, wealthy, and sophisticated
The most significant initial impact on the NA population from interaction with the Europeans cam from a) techonology such as guns and horses, which allowed them to "civilize" rapidly b) old world diseases from which they had little to no immunity c) domesticated livestock, which created much greater food variety d) seeds and plants, which transformed the landscape of North America
b) old world diseases from which they had little to no immunity from
The Stono rebellion of 1739 in South Carolina was a a) revolt of frontier against coastal planters b) slave insurrection c) challenge to British colonial rule by non-british immigrants d) Native American resistance movement e) protest against the Anglican Church
b) slave insurrection
What was the significance of the policy of salutary neglect? (4 points) a. It was not an official British policy, and so it reflected a breakdown in Parliamentary authority. b. It allowed for the rise of independent political groups and practices in the British colonies. c. It prevented the interference of trade through piracy and smuggling on the seas. d. It created new forms of colonial control that sparked resistance from settlers.
b. It allowed for the rise of independent political groups and practices in the British colonies.
2. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Americas before the arrival of Europeans? a. Across Native American groups, only a few languages were spoken, which aided communication. b. A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts. c. Trade among Native American groups had yet to be established because there were few riches there. d. Groups relied only on hunting and gathering, not any form of farming the earth. e. Very little diversity existed in North America, which contributed to the lack of fighting.
b. A diverse array of Native American groups had their own languages, cultures, and conflicts.
Which man was once a slave, only to be freed and own slaves himself? a. William Penn b. Anthony Johnson c. Olaudah Equiano d. Robert Carter e. Nathaniel Bacon
b. Anthony Johnson
France's relations with Native American tribes can be described as a marriage of necessity because:
few came to N america
In the Pequot War of 1637: a. the Pequots defeated the Puritans in a battle that temporarily drove back the Massachusetts Bay settlers to only three coastal towns b. Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots. c. the Narragansetts joined the Pequots to fight the Puritans, leading to the elimination of both tribes. d. the barbarity of the Native Americans surprised the colonists. e. the Pequots took over the old Pilgrim colony and made it their own.
b. Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots.
21. Which of the following was true of French and Indian relations? a. Indians were dependent on the French to trap animals for the fur trade. b. French settlers were more likely to be attracted to the Indians' way of life than vice versa. c. Indians often asked traders to send them to Paris and other French cities. d. French traders often enslaved Indian women and children, sparking wars with the Indians. e. French settlers taught Indians how to grow corn and squash.
b. French settlers were more likely to be attracted to the Indians' way of life than vice versa.
How did Pope Alexander VI restructure the land of the non-Christian world in 1493?
b. He divided the Western Hemisphere between Spain and Portugal.
John Winthrop followed which one of the following policies toward Native Americans? a. He declared all Indian land to be the property of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. b. He insisted that they agree to submit to English authority. c. He required Puritans to pay them. d. He urged all Puritans to work at converting Native Americans to Christianity. e. He called for their immediate extermination.
b. He insisted that they agree to submit to English authority.
What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty? a. Settlers could belong to any denomination but had to sign an oath affirming that they would not to oppress Quakers. b. Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving. c. Atheists were welcome as long as they promised not to attack religion publicly. d. Church attendance was mandatory, but the state did not specify which type of church. e. There were no restrictions.
b. Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.
Which of the following is a true statement about the Atlantic slave trade's effect in West Africa? a. It had little effect on West Africa, because more than 90 percent of persons enslaved came from East Africa. b. It helped lead to the rise of militarized states in West Africa, whose large armies preyed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves. c. It encouraged the expansion of West Africa's domestic textile industry, which supplied clothing for slaves. d. It led to an increase in West Africa's population during the 1700s as slave traders encouraged women to have more children who would then be sold into slavery. e. It successfully united West African nations to resist European slave traders, who reluctantly ended the trade by 1763.
b. It helped lead to the rise of militarized states in West Africa, whose large armies preyed upon their neighbors in order to capture slaves.
16. What happened to the population of the Americas as a result of contact with Europeans? a. The population stayed relatively stable. b. It is estimated that 80 million native people of the Americas died in the first 150 years after contact with Europeans, due to disease, war, and enslavement. c. Many native inhabitants of South America moved to West Indian islands. d. The native population increased from 2 million to 20 million. e. Many Native Americans moved to Europe.
b. It is estimated that 80 million native people of the Americas died in the first 150 years after contact with Europeans, due to disease, war, and enslavement.
20. What best describes the Pueblo Revolt of 1680? a. It was a rebellion by Spanish Franciscan friars against the Catholic Church's use of violence to convert native people to Catholicism. b. It was a victory of the Pueblo Indians over the Spanish settlers in New Mexico, which reestablished Indian control of the region. c. It was a revolt of Protestant Spaniard farmworkers against Catholic Spaniard landowners in Santa Fe. d. It was a conflict between the Navajo and the Apache tribes. e. It was a short-lived Indian rebellion that resulted in harsher Spanish suppression of native religious practices and more brutal demands on native people's labor when the Spanish regained control of the region in the 1690s.
b. It was a victory of the Pueblo Indians over the Spanish settlers in New Mexico, which reestablished Indian control of the region.
When European clergy read to Native Americans from the Bible about God creating the world in six days, was there anything relatable for Native Americans?
b. Many Native Americans concurred with the idea of a single supreme being creating the world.
Which colony adopted the Act Concerning Religion in 1649, which institutionalized the principle of religious toleration? a. Virginia b. Maryland c. Massachusetts d. Rhode Island e. Connecticut
b. Maryland
What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)? a. New England's tribes united against the colonists. b. Native Americans destroyed twelve Massachusetts towns, which helped establish them in the minds of New Englanders as bloodthirsty savages. c. Native Americans up and down the eastern seaboard began rebelling against colonial rule when they saw what happened to their New England counterparts. d. Massachusetts banned all Native Americans from living within its borders. e. Great Britain formed the New England Confederation to protect against Native American depredations.
b. Native Americans destroyed twelve Massachusetts towns, which helped establish them in the minds of New Englanders as bloodthirsty savages.
How did John Winthrop view a woman's liberty? a. A woman was equal to her husband in the eyes of the Puritan faith. b. Once a woman married a man, she was his subject. c. A woman had no right to choose a husband; the church should choose one for her. d. Men and women were equal until they married, then they were one. e. He never even mentioned women.
b. Once a woman married a man, she was his subject.
The Boston Massacre occurred when British soldiers:
fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents.
Which of the following is true of eighteenth-century slavery in South Carolina and Georgia? a. The laws in those colonies created a very static institution with few differences between plantations, small farms, and cities. b. Plantation slaves enjoyed far more autonomy than they did in other colonies, allowing them to maintain more of their African culture. c. Because of the high death rates of Africans due to malaria, slave populations declined by 5 to 10 percent per decade during the 1700s. d. Because the governments of South Carolina and Georgia strictly enforced laws preventing sexual contact between whites and blacks, a significant population of racially mixed individuals never developed. e. Colonial law gave freedom to any slave who successfully escaped to Charleston or Savannah.
b. Plantation slaves enjoyed far more autonomy than they did in other colonies, allowing them to maintain more of their African culture.
Which of the following is true of slave resistance in the colonial period? a. Runaways were very rare because slaves knew that attempting to escape would be futile. b. Some slaves were the offspring of white traders and therefore knew enough English to turn to the legal system, at least until Virginia lawmakers prevented them from doing so. c. A number of bloody rebellions prompted a wholesale revision of slave codes. d. It was limited because slaves at the time were too new to the colonies to understand the concept of freedom. e. All runaways headed for freedom in French Canada.
b. Some slaves were the offspring of white traders and therefore knew enough English to turn to the legal system, at least until Virginia lawmakers prevented them from doing so.
18. According to Bartolomé de Las Casas, a. Spain needed to outlaw African slavery and prevent it from entering the New World. b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent Native Americans in the New World. c. Native Americans were barbarians and had limited rights to their lands and liberty. d. Spain had no right whatsoever to rule in America and had gone against God's wishes. e. enslaving Native Americans was questionable but must continue in order to benefit the Spanish economy.
b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent Native Americans in the New World.
Edmund Andros
first governor of New York
Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century? a. They were completely unified on all issues. b. They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines. c. They differed completely with the views of the Church of England. d. They came to the colonies because they had no hope of holding any power in England. e. John Winthrop founded the church.
b. They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines.
How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state? a. They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact proreligious legislation. b. They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister. c. The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion. d. They had never even heard of the concept. e. They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it.
b. They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister.
Why did the Pilgrims flee the Netherlands? a. They sought new opportunities after a severe economic downturn in the Netherlands left many of them unemployed. b. They felt that the surrounding culture was corrupting their children. c. England had gone to war with the Netherlands, and the Pilgrims felt caught in the middle. d. The Catholic Church took over the Netherlands under a papal edict in 1617, and the Pilgrims felt that they had no choice but to go. e. The Dutch government ordered them to leave because of their radical religious ideas
b. They felt that the surrounding culture was corrupting their children.
8. How did Native Americans view the concept of land ownership? a. They treated land as a space for only hunting, not farming. b. They viewed land as a common resource to use. c. They viewed land as a possession owned only by individuals, not families. d. They considered land as a trading opportunity. e. They treated land as an economic commodity.
b. They viewed land as a common resource to use.
What was MOST significant in inspiring Spanish conquistadores during their exploration and conquest of the New World?
b. a desire to spread Catholicism and gain wealth and national glory
Who in the Pennsylvania colony was eligible to vote? a. everyone, male and female b. a majority of the male population c. all males d. Quakers e. all white people
b. a majority of the male population
What did the Virgin of Guadalupe represent?
b. a mixing of Indian and Spanish cultures
"Republicanism" in the eighteenth-century Anglo-American political world emphasized the importance of ____________ as the essence of liberty. a. protecting the natural rights of all humans b. active participation in public life by property-owning citizens c. a strong central state d. supporting royal authority as opposed to parliamentary authority e. voting rights for all adult men
b. active participation in public life by property-owning citizens
The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell: a. required the Royal Navy to use only Protestant navigators on its ships. b. aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch. c. freed England's North American colonies from economic regulations (in order to stimulate prosperity). d. added New Netherland to the British empire. e. authorized several mapmaking expeditions to the New World.
b. aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch.
The Levellers: a. got their name for knocking down (leveling) the Parliament building. b. called for the strengthening of freedom and democracy at a time when those principles were seen as possibly contributing to anarchy. c. opposed a written constitution on the grounds that it institutionalized social inequality. d. proposed to abolish Parliament. e. claimed the world was flat or level.
b. called for the strengthening of freedom and democracy at a time when those principles were seen as possibly contributing to anarchy.
Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as: a. good, because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion. b. dangerous to social harmony and community stability. c. important, but they banned neighbors from reporting on one another, because that would breed division that could harm the community. d. vital, because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England. e. dangerous to the individual but good for the community.
b. dangerous to social harmony and community stability.
French colonizers in New France
b. established the most enduring alliances between settlers and Indians in colonial North America.
According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake: a. black men were not permitted to marry white women, but black women could marry white men. b. free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court. c. free blacks were not permitted to serve in the militia unless they signed a loyalty oath. d. the sale of any married slave was prohibited. e. the children of enslaved women were free; the status of enslavement was not inherited.
b. free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court.
Slave resistance in the eighteenth century: a. was limited to running away, since mounting an armed rebellion would have been impossible and deadly. b. included rebellions in both northern and southern colonies that led to the deaths of several of those involved in planning the conspiracies. c. most famously included the War of Jenkins' Ear, fought over the habit that masters developed of slicing off the ears of rebellious slaves. d. prompted southern lawmakers to cut off slave imports from Africa and the Caribbean by mid-century. e. led to a strong but ultimately unsuccessful movement to abolish slavery in Georgia in the 1760s.
b. included rebellions in both northern and southern colonies that led to the deaths of several of those involved in planning the conspiracies.
In Puritan New England: a. it was illegal for a woman to have children after the age of twentyeight, so child-bearing began earlier than it did elsewhere. b. infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier. c. women married at an older age than their English counterparts. d. most women gave birth at least ten times. e. men were required by law to become fathers.
b. infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier.
In New England towns: a. there was no local government because Massachusetts Bay leaders feared dissent. b. much of the land remained in commons, for collective use or to be divided among later settlers. c. there were several churches. d. the colony divided up the land because it wanted to keep the settlers from having any role in government. e. ministers conducted town meetings, just as they conducted church services.
b. much of the land remained in commons, for collective use or to be divided among later settlers.
In the Chesapeake region, slavery: a. was geographically restricted to the Tidewater area until transportation improved in the nineteenth century. b. rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680. c. was the labor system preferred by planters as early as the 1620s. d. allowed planters to make vast profits from cotton and rice as well as from tobacco. e. was so widely practiced that nearly three-fifths of white households in 1770 included a slave owner.
b. rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680.
What was William Penn's most fundamental principle? a. voting rights for all adult men b. religious freedom c. communally owned property d. economic liberty e. support for women's suffrage
b. religious freedom
At Anne Hutchinson's trial: a. her argument in her own behalf swayed the jury. b. she violated Puritan doctrine by claiming that God spoke to her directly rather than through ministers or the Bible. c. she was acquitted, but was so displeased with her treatment that she left the colony for Rhode Island. d. Governor John Winthrop was critical of her but admitted that she was an impressive antagonist. e. Roger Williams served as her attorney.
b. she violated Puritan doctrine by claiming that God spoke to her directly rather than through ministers or the Bible.
When England took over the Dutch colony that became New York: a. the English eliminated all of the religious freedoms that the Dutch had allowed. b. the English ended the Dutch tradition of allowing married women to conduct business in their own names. c. the English respected Dutch antislavery laws, so that New York became a center for free African-Americans in North America. d. the local population declined because of England's new and repressive rule. e. England tried to maintain Dutch culture but ordered residents to learn English.
b. the English ended the Dutch tradition of allowing married women to conduct business in their own names.
According to the economic theory known as mercantilism: a. merchants should control the government because they contributed more than others to national wealth. b. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power. c. the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off of the economy. d. colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods. e. England wanted the right to sell goods in France, but only to non-Catholic buyers.
b. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.
6. Pueblo Indians lived in what is now a. the eastern United States. b. the southwestern United States. c. the Yucatan Peninsula. d. the northeastern United States. e. western Canada.
b. the southwestern United States
The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was: a. an outdated idea. b. to be unquestioned. c. so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife. d. not supposed to resemble God's authority in any way, because that would be blasphemous. e. limited only by the number of children—the more, the better.
b. to be unquestioned.
The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century
b. used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production.
France's relations with Native American tribes can be described as a marriage of necessity because
b. very few French came to North America.
Governor William Berkeley's regime: a. corrupted Penn's plans for the Pennsylvania colony, but the democratic system that Penn created made it impossible for him to do anything about it. b. was a corrupt alliance of the Virginia colony's wealthiest tobacco planters. c. offended tobacco planters, who felt that he allowed Nathaniel Bacon to exert too much influence in the House of Burgesses. d. greatly affected Virginia during its four years in power. e. extended Virginia's claims to California, thus leading to the naming of the northern California city of Berkeley.
b. was a corrupt alliance of the Virginia colony's wealthiest tobacco planters.
11. European society on the eve of colonization a. had no rigid class lines. b. was extremely hierarchical, with inequality built into virtually every social relationship. c. allowed the majority of men a great degree of personal independence. d. valued freedom of expression and a free press above all else. e. valued gender equality above all else.
b. was extremely hierarchical, with inequality built into virtually every social relationship.
Unlike slavery in America, slavery in Africa: a. declined in importance during the 1600s. b. was more likely to be based in the household than on an agricultural plantation. c. led to much higher death rates. d. was entirely race-based. e. existed only for women.
b. was more likely to be based in the household than on an agricultural plantation.
In regard to religious toleration, the Puritans: a.ignored the Reformation. b.encouraged religious dissent. c.saw only their faith as the truth. d.accepted only Christian faiths. e.treated Native American priests as equals.
c
The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because
it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.
Which of the following helps explain why conflict between American Indians and colonists worsened over the 17th century? a. American Indians refused to recognize the treaties and land sales made through earlier leaders. b. American Indians grew more proficient with guns through hunting and came to depend on them. c. The colonists mistakenly believed that the American Indians had kidnapped their family members. d. The colonists began attacking and closing down the praying towns and any missionary centers.
b.American Indians grew more proficient with guns through hunting and came to depend on them.
The actions of the Pueblo Indians at Santa Fe in 1680 can best be described as:
be assertive
During the eighteenth century, colonial assemblies:
became more assertive.
During the colonial era, Philadelphia
became the financial, cultural, and commercial center of British North America.
Prior to 1800, why did many Americans expect slavery to end in America?
because the primary plantation crop, tobacco, depleted the soil
The actions of the Pueblo Indians at Santa Fe in 1680 can best be described as
being assertive
Alexander Hamilton
believed that wealthy men from elite families should rule the country.
According to the excerpt of a "Letter by a Female Indentured Servant (September 22, 1756)," what did Elizabeth Sprigs most desire?
better clothing and working conditions
As the sixteenth century progressed in New England, the growing commerce
brought into conflict religious and economic values.
As the sixteenth century progressed in New England, the growing commerce:
brought religious and economic values into conflict.
As leader of the Jamestown Colony, John Smith: a.was a failure and had to return to England. b.improved relations with Native Americans by marrying Pocahontas. c.used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together. d.used an elaborate reward system to persuade colonists to work. e.set up the first representative assembly in the New World.
c
During the eighteenth century, colonial assemblies: a.lost political power to colonial governors. b.remained purely advisory bodies to the royal governor. c.became more assertive. d.concentrated on the patronage system. e.rejected the theories of the English Country Party.
c
During the seventeenth century, indentured servants: a.made up less than one-third of English settlers in America. b.had to surrender their freedom for a minimum of ten years to come to the colonies. c.had a great deal of trouble acquiring land. d.had to pay half of the fare to get them to the New World. e.were almost entirely Irish.
c
In the northern colonies, slaves: a.lived in segregated but prosperous communities. b.became more important in New England after the Half-Way Covenant. c.were far less important to New England than the Middle Colonies. d.were forbidden by law to display any aspect of African culture in public. e.faced far harsher treatment than they did in the South.
c
In the seventeenth century, New England's economy: a.grew at a very slow rate because few settlers moved to the region. b.suffered because most early settlers were poor and could not gain access to land. c.centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber. d.boasted a significant manufacturing component that employed close to one-third of all men. e.relied heavily on indentured servants in the labor force.
c
Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England: A.arrived with other members of their families. B.were single, middle-class men. C.were lower-class men. D.had been released from debtors' prisons. E.sought to escape the Black Death then ravaging England.
c
Neolin, a Delaware Indian and religious prophet, helped inspire __________ Rebellion in 1763. A.Bacon's B.the Stono C.Pontiac's d.the Yamasee e.Leisler's
c
Property qualifications for holding office: a.were the same in every colony as they were for voting. b.meant that women served regularly in colonial legislatures. c.meant that the landed gentry wielded considerable power in colonial legislatures. d.existed for legislators but not for judges, who were esteemed for their legal ability. e.disappeared from Parliament before they were eliminated by colonial legislatures.
c
The Magna Carta: a.was an agreement between King Henry VIII and the Anglican Church. b.guaranteed religious freedom in Great Britain. c.granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons. d.was seen as embodying English freedom, until Parliament repealed it in 1722. e.was, like the English Constitution, unwritten.
c
The early South Carolina economy focused on the export of deerskins and furs to England as well as on: a.the cultivation of cotton. b.small-scale manufacturing of firearms for use in raids against Spanish Florida. c.the export of Indian slaves to the Caribbean. d.shipbuilding. e.copper mining.
c
The participants in South Carolina's Stono Rebellion: a.surrendered without any bloodshed and agreed to pledge loyalty to the colony. b.were mostly former indentured servants upset over the colony's Indian policy. c.included some who apparently had been soldiers in Africa. d.laid siege to Charleston but had to retreat when the Royal Navy brought reinforcements. e.were unsuccessful because of divisions over language and ethnicity.
c
Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region: a.were so profitable that by the mid-eighteenth century their owners became the wealthiest people in British North America. b.did not have any slaves on small farms. c.helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism. d.were far less successful than tobacco plantations that developed in the lower southern colonies. e.were known throughout the world as models of how slaves should be treated.
c
What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth? a.They met a Native American, Opechancanough, who helped them. b.It was the late spring, so it was planting season. c.Native Americans, decimated by disease, left behind cleared fields for farming. d.The local Indian leader considered the English to be divine. e.John Smith arrived to help organize them.
c
What did the British acquire from the Netherlands in the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713? a.sufficient gold to pay off the British national debt b.the right to trade at Dutch outposts in what is now South Africa c.the right to transport slaves from Africa to Spain's New World colonies d.New Netherland, which was then renamed New York e.New Holland, which later became known as Australia
c
What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity? a.cotton b.fur c.tobacco d.indigo e.sugar
c
When brought to the New World, with regard to religion, slaves: a.gave up practicing African beliefs. b.quickly converted to Christianity. c.mixed elements of Christianity with African beliefs. d.looked to convert colonists to African religions. e.did not see a connection between African-based spirits and Catholic saints.
c
Which issue divided colonial governors appointed by the king and legislatures elected by colonists? a.Legislatures wanted universal white male suffrage, and the governors wanted to maintain the less democratic system under which British politics functioned. b.They were divided about how to respond to the lack of economic growth in the colonies—legislators wanted to act to help the economy, and governors preferred to let events take their course. c.To deal with a scarcity of gold and silver coins, legislatures supported printing paper money despite opposition from the governors. d.Governors wanted slavery outlawed because they considered it antithetical to the British idea of liberty, but legislators supported it. e.Governors wanted life terms for judges, and legislators sought elections every ten years.
c
Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown? a.The colony's problems were due largely to its leadership: the same people remained in charge for the first two decades and refused to change their methods. b.The first settlers were farmers and laborers who were so eager to make money that they refused to work and could not be controlled. c.The death rate was extraordinarily high. d.The supplies from England were excellent, but the colonists wasted them. e.John Smith took the credit, but he had nothing to do with Jamestown's success.
c
Which statement about women in the early Virginia colony is FALSE? a.Women mostly came to Virginia as indentured servants. b.Some women took advantage of their legal status as femme sole. c.Women consisted of about half the white population. d.Women often married at a relatively late age—mid-twenties. e.There was a high death rate among women.
c
Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists? a.Native Americans b.British soldiers c.colonial and European merchants d.the king e.Parliament
c
Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies? a.Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. b.It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. c.The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. d.More reformers lived in the North. e.The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.
c
ntermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia: a.began with the wedding of John Smith and Pocahontas. b.was common. c.was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691. d.created a mixed race of Native Americans who often wound up enslaved. e.produced a member of a British royal family who became an Indian chief.
c
Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America? a) African American slaves performed most of the labor b) Spain did not do any farming in its empire c) American Indian slaves did the work on large-scale farms d) Catholic priests were forbidden to be involved in farming
c) American Indian slaves did the work on large-scale farms
Which of the following describes a person of mixed ancestry in the Spanish Empire? a) Encomendaro b) Hacienda c) Mestizo d) Criollo
c) Mestizo
Why were the Spanish interested in extending their claim into North America? a) Years after the explorations of de Soto and others, most Spanish still believed there were vast stores of gold yet to be discovered. b) They wanted to get revenge on the French and other powers by establishing bases from which they could attack trading ships. c) Bases and missions further north would help protect their land claims and trans-ocean shipping from European rivals. d) Spain was late to the Atlantic Slave Trade because of the success of American Indian enslavement and indenture
c) bases and missions further north would help protect their lang claims and trans-ocean shipping from European rivals
(number of Africans transported to the new world graph) How did European colonists primarily fill labor needs in the New World in the 17th century? a) wage workers migrated from Europe b) purchase of African slaves from the Portuguese c) enslavement of native peoples and indentured of Europeans d) Agreements with convicted criminals to work off their sentences
c) enslavement of native peoples and indenture of Europeans
The Dutch settles in New Netherlands primarily to a) secure a refuge for the persecuted b) check the growth of English colonies in North America c) expand their commercial and mercantile network d) gain colonies to produce agricultural surpluses e) secure naval supplies
c) expand their commercial and mercantile network
Which of the following areas of British colonization was the most politically and religiously homogeneous? a) Chesapeake b) middle c) new england d) west indies
c) new england
Bartolme de Las Casas argues that American Indians a) were enslaved justly because they lacked true religion b) were treated well by the Spanish despite their barbarism c) should enjoy the same freedoms and protections as subjects of Spain d) should overthrow cruel Spanish masters and reestablish the Inca and Aztec empires
c) should enjoy the same freedoms and protections as subjects of Spain
What motivated the Portuguese to being exploration to find a water route to India, China and the East indies? a) to prove that the world was round b) to establish land empires in India and China c) to eliminate Muslim "middlemen" in the luxury goods trade d) to find markets for Portugal's surplus manufactured goods
c) to eliminate Muslim "middle men" in luxury goods trade
What is significant about the Pequot War of 1637? a. The barbarity of the Pequot Indians surprised the French colonists. b. The Pequot Indians drove the French colonists out of the area for decades. c. It ended the Pequot Indians as a threat to British colonial settlements. d. It generated critical ties between the British colonists and other American Indian tribes.
c. It ended the Pequot Indians as a threat to British colonial settlements.
Which of the following describes the unofficial British act of not enforcing its own colonial policies? a. Dominion b. Mercantilist policy c. Salutary neglect d. Anglicization
c. Salutary neglect
The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because:
it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.
Which statement is accurate regarding the flow of goods in the Columbian Exchange?
c. Corn, tomatoes, potatoes, peanuts, tobacco, and cotton were introduced to Europe.
Which of the following resulted from the European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the Western Hemisphere?
c. Crops new to each hemisphere reshaped people's diets and transformed the natural environment.
People from ________ were most likely to go to other European countries or rival colonies before settling in one of their own ________ colonies.
c. France; French
25. How does Eric Foner justify characterizing America in the early colonial period as made up of "borderlands"? a. Boundaries between empires were fixed. b. Europeans established authority quickly and easily. c. Hybrid cultures developed. d. Native people did not resist conquest. e. Native people were unwilling to trade with settlers.
c. Hybrid cultures developed.
What was China hoping to accomplish with Admiral Zheng He's fifteenth-century explorations?
c. It hoped to impress other kingdoms with its military might.
Which of the following was a factor in the decline of the Federalist Party?
its failure to mobilize voters
Which statement is true of Bartolomé de Las Casas?
c. Las Casas believed that Spain's rule over America was unjust, and advocated returning the land to its native inhabitants.
What good fortune helped the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth? a. They met a Native American, Opechancanough, who helped them. b. It was the late spring, so it was planting season. c. Native Americans had recently cleared the fields for planting. d. The local Indian leader considered the English to be divine. e. John Smith arrived to help organize them.
c. Native Americans had recently cleared the fields for planting.
13. Which country first explored the Atlantic coast of Africa in the 1400s, and soon thereafter established plantation slavery on the Atlantic islands off the African coast? a. China b. Spain c. Portugal d. England e. France
c. Portugal
William Penn was a member of which religious group? a. Puritans b. Anglicans c. Quakers d. Roman Catholics e. Presbyterians
c. Quakers
Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s? a. Because so many of them had become separatists, they had to leave England to save their church. b. Charles I had started supporting them, creating conflicts with Catholic nobles. c. The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings. d. Puritan leader John Winthrop wanted a high-level position, and leaving England was the only way for him to get it. e. The Poor Law of 1623 banned non-Catholics from receiving government aid.
c. The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings.
Which one of the following is an accurate statement regarding the impact on Maryland of seventeenth-century England's Protestant-Catholic conflict? a. The conflict had no effect on far-off Maryland. b. To win the favor of Protestant kings, Maryland gave all authority to Protestants. c. The English government temporarily repealed Calvert's ownership of Maryland and the colony's policies of religious toleration. d. Maryland's Catholic leaders banned Protestant worship in 1671. e. The conflict eventually led to the Puritan government of the 1640s taking refuge in Maryland.
c. The English government temporarily repealed Calvert's ownership of Maryland and the colony's policies of religious toleration.
Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the classbased society of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? a. Only wealthy landowners or merchants were allowed membership in Puritan churches. b. The Body of Liberties of 1641 stated that a debtor became the servant of his creditor if he could not repay a loan within a year. c. The General Court banned ordinary people from wearing the garb of gentlemen. d. A member of the upper class was known as a gentleman or lady, while a member of the lower class was simply called friend. e. Voting was restricted by law to men who came from designated "good families" in England
c. The General Court banned ordinary people from wearing the garb of gentlemen.
Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies? a. Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. b. It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. c. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. d. More reformers lived in the North. e. The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.
c. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.
5. Why did Native Americans who farmed never plow their fields? a. The soil was too dry. b. They had no livestock. c. There was too much fertilizer. d. They had big shovels to use to dig. e. They did not need to grow many crops.
c. There was too much fertilizer.
The Virginia slave code of 1705: a. simply brought together old aspects of the laws governing slaves and slavery. b. completely rewrote and changed the earlier slave laws. c. embedded the principle of white supremacy in law. d. made clear that slaves were subject to the will of their masters but not to anyone who could not claim ownership of them. e. was the work of Nathaniel Bacon.
c. embedded the principle of white supremacy in law.
To Quakers, liberty was: a. limited to white, landowning men. b. strictly defined. c. a universal entitlement. d. extended to women but not to blacks. e. limited to the spiritually inclined.
c. a universal entitlement.
22. The Dutch settled New Netherlands a. on the gulf coast of what later became Florida. b. along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec. c. along the Hudson River, which later became New York State. d. on the Pacific coast of what later became California. e. on the island later known as Newfoundland.
c. along the Hudson River, which later became New York State.
The Dutch settled New Netherland
c. along the Hudson River, which later became New York State.
During the eighteenth century, British patriotism: a. reflected the rise of Spain as Great Britain's traditional enemy, in place of France. b. emphasized England's freedom of religion. c. celebrated individual freedom and the rule of law. d. included the admission that slavery and freedom were wholly contradictory. e. was the subject of numerous satires by Benjamin Franklin.
c. celebrated individual freedom and the rule of law.
In the seventeenth century, New England's economy: a. grew at a very slow rate because few settlers moved to the region. b. suffered because most early settlers were poor and could not gain access to land. c. centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber. d. boasted a significant manufacturing component that employed close to one-third of all men. e. relied heavily on indentured servants in the labor force.
c. centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber.
Far more important to most Indian societies than freedom as personal independence were all of the following except
securing rights to owning land
The Magna Carta: a. was an agreement between King Henry VIII and the Anglican Church. b. guaranteed religious freedom in Great Britain. c. granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons. d. was seen as embodying English freedom, until Parliament repealed it in 1722. e. was, like the English Constitution, unwritten.
c. granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons.
Ideas of race and racism in seventeenth-century England: a. inspired the creation of an African slave labor force. b. caused many Englishmen to become abolitionists when they saw that slavery was based on these ideas. c. had not fully developed as modern concepts. d. originated in the writings of Sir Walter Raleigh. e. prompted Shakespeare to write Hamlet.
c. had not fully developed as modern concepts.
When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island: a. he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church. b. the king refused to give it a charter, and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died. c. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay. d. he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom. e. the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews.
c. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay.
Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region: a. were so profitable that their owners became the wealthiest persons in British North America by the mid-eighteenth century. b. enlarged enormously in the 1700s because of the great economies of scale in tobacco cultivation. c. helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism. d. were far less successful than tobacco plantations that developed in the lower southern colonies. e. were known throughout the world as models of how slaves should be treated.
c. helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism.
What inspired the 1715 uprising by the Yamasee and Creek peoples against English colonists in Carolina? a. the colonists' refusal to trade with the Yamasee and Creek b. an alliance of the Yamasee and Creek with the Iroquois Confederacy, which had declared war against New York colonists c. high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers d. the English colonists' plans to begin capturing Native Americans to sell as slaves e. a bloody rebellion by African slaves against their masters near Charles Town
c. high debts incurred by the Yamasee and Creek in trade with the English settlers
Slave labor in the Chesapeake region increasingly supplanted indentured servitude during the last two decades of the seventeenth century, in part because: a. the opening of the new colony of North Carolina attracted enough whites to make up for the loss of those who would have come to the New World as indentured servants. b. Bacon's Rebellion reminded leaders of the dangers of allowing racial intermarriage. c. improving conditions in England reduced the number of transatlantic migrants. d. a monopoly on the slave trade made it easier to import Africans. e. indentured servants began forming associations that went on strike for better conditions.
c. improving conditions in England reduced the number of transatlantic migrants.
Native inhabitants of the Americas generally understood freedom
c. in terms of the well-being of one's community, mutual obligation, and group autonomy.
The participants in South Carolina's Stono Rebellion: a. surrendered without any bloodshed and agreed to pledge loyalty to the colony. b. were mostly former indentured servants upset over the colony's Indian policy. c. included some who apparently had been soldiers in Africa. d. laid siege to Charleston but had to retreat when the Royal Navy brought reinforcements. e. were unsuccessful because of divisions over language and ethnicity.
c. included some who apparently had been soldiers in Africa.
The Diggers of Great Britain: a. proposed building a tunnel to Rome to surprise and overpower the Catholic Church, thereby eliminating a source of controversy in English society. b. sought to eliminate male ownership of land as a means of promoting social equality for women. c. influenced the development of the American colonies, because some of their members and ideas crossed the Atlantic to the New World. d. executed King James I. e. overthrew parliamentary forces in 1642.
c. influenced the development of the American colonies, because some of their members and ideas crossed the Atlantic to the New World.
When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage: a. every other colonial assembly followed suit. b. Governor William Berkeley vetoed the measure, which led to Bacon's Rebellion. c. it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians. d. mass protests followed. e. slaves quit attending church.
c. it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians.
In its early years, Carolina was the "colony of a colony" because its original settlers included many: a. former indentured servants from Virginia. b. supporters of Anne Hutchinson seeking refuge from Massachusetts. c. landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados. d. Protestants upset over Catholic rule in Maryland. e. planters from Cuba hoping to expand their sugar cane empires.
c. landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados.
=Where was the first permanent Spanish colony in what is now the United States?
c. on the island of Puerto Rico
The Charter of Liberties and Privileges in New York: a. was the work of the Dutch, who did not trust the English to protect their religious freedom. b. resulted especially from displeasure among residents of Manhattan. c. reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch. d. affirmed religious toleration for all denominations. e. eliminated the property requirement for voting.
c. reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch.
In the battles between Parliament and the Stuart kings, English freedom: a. played a minimal role. b. greatly expanded amid the debate over which of these groups should be elected. c. remained an important and a much-debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded. d. was the excuse given for restoring Charles II in 1685. e. led to the overthrow of James III in 1700.
c. remained an important and a much-debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded.
After being severely weakened by a smallpox epidemic, the Hurons nearly disappeared due to attacks by whom?
c. the Iroquois
The early South Carolina economy focused on the export of deerskins and furs to England as well as on: a. the cultivation of cotton. b. small-scale manufacturing of firearms for use in raids against Spanish Florida. c. the export of Indian slaves to the Caribbean. d. shipbuilding. e. copper mining.
c. the export of Indian slaves to the Caribbean.
Slavery developed more slowly in North America than in the English West Indies because: a. it was a longer trip from Africa to North America, making slavery less profitable. b. planters in Virginia and Maryland agreed that indentured servants were far less troublesome. c. the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time. d. Parliament passed a law in 1643 that gave tax breaks to British West Indian planters who imported slaves but not to American colonists who imported slaves. e. those living in the British West Indies opposed slavery until the American colonies won their independence in the Revolutionary War.
c. the high death rate among tobacco workers made it economically unappealing to pay more for a slave likely to die within a short time.
William Penn obtained the land for his Pennsylvania colony because: a. King Charles I wanted Quakers to have a place where they could enjoy religious toleration. b. he supported the crown during the Glorious Revolution. c. the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America. d. he conquered the Swedes and Dutch who previously had controlled the land. e. his invention of what was then called the "penncill" made him incredibly rich.
c. the king wanted to cancel his debt to the Penn family and bolster the English presence in North America.
10. An example of a freedom that most Native Americans would hold in high esteem would be a. the opportunity for the chief to profit from selling land to a European. b. the right to become the wealthiest member of the tribe. c. the opportunity to work for the benefit of the group as opposed to individual gain. d. the right to sever kinship ties to pursue individual prosperity. e. the opportunity for some families to dominate others in the tribe.
c. the opportunity to work for the benefit of the group as opposed to individual gain.
What did the British acquire from the Netherlands in the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713? a. sufficient gold to pay off the British national debt b. the right to trade at Dutch outposts in what is now South Africa c. the right to transport slaves from Africa to Spain's New World colonies d. New Netherland, which was then renamed New York e. New Holland, which later became known as Australia
c. the right to transport slaves from Africa to Spain's New World colonies
In the northern colonies, slaves: a. lived in racially-segregated communities, which allowed them to retain African identities well into the late eighteenth century. b. became more important in New England after the Half-Way Covenant. c. were relatively few in number and dispersed among the white population in small holdings. d. were forbidden by law to display any aspect of African culture in public. e. faced far harsher treatment than they did in the South.
c. were relatively few in number and dispersed among the white population in small holdings.
Puritan women: a. could not legally divorce. b. were not allowed full church membership. c. were said to achieve freedom by embracing subjection to their husbands' authority. d. could become ministers if they were widows of ministers. e. married late in life.
c. were said to achieve freedom by embracing subjection to their husbands' authority.
Prior to being taken over by the English in 1664, New York was
called New Netherland and controlled by the Dutch.
Prior to being taken over by the English in 1664, New York was:
called New Netherland, and controlled by the Dutch.
James 11
catholic, passes a law that allows religious toleration in England
Maryland was established as a refuge for which group?
catholics
Jefferson's Embargo Act
caused economic depression within the United States.
In 1607, the colonists who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships:
chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships.
How did American colonial politics compare with British politics
colonist tend to agree with the British that voting rights were tied to property ownership
A significant difference between the Vikings and Columbus was that:
columbus received more public acclaim
The New Laws of 1542:
commanded that Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions.
In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch
concentrated more on economics than religious conversion
In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch:
concentrated more on economics than religious conversion.
French Canada
consisted mainly of male colonists
Most of the text of the Declaration of Independence:
consists of a list of grievances against King George III.
The ultimate goal for the English in gaining New Amsterdam and New Netherland from the Dutch was to:
control trade
In the eighteenth century, what group made up the largest percentage of immigrants from the British Isles to America?
convicted criminals
For an eighteenth-century middle-class colonial woman, what would have been the top priority in daily life?
cooking the family meals
In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who: A.owned land, regardless of their church membership. B.had served their term as indentured servants. C.were freed slaves. D.were landowning church members. e.voted.
d
It is estimated that between __________ percent of adult white men could vote in eighteenth-century colonial British America. a.5 and 10 b.25 and 40 c.33 and 50 d.50 and 80 e.75 and 90
d
The French in North America: a.had a rapidly expanding empire, in large part because of the strong encouragement the French government gave to citizens wanting to move to the New World. b.made it a point to avoid competing with the British. c.won control of the Ohio Valley in the Seven Years' War. d.were greatly outnumbered by the British on the continent. e.were notorious for their poor relations with Native Americans.
d
The Mayflower Compact established: a.religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts. b.the right to emigrate to America. c.a company chartered to settle New England. d.a civil government for the Plymouth Colony. e.peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.
d
The assumption among ordinary people that wealth, education, and social prominence entitled leaders to public office was called: a.liberalism. b.Lockeanism. c.Deism. d.deference. e.suffrage.
d
The development of rice plantations in South Carolina: a.occurred only after the colony's planters unsuccessfully sought to cultivate tobacco, sugarcane, and indigo. b.required such large capital investments that Carolina's planters never became as wealthy as those in the Chesapeake region. c.would have proven impossible without the importation of thousands of European indentured servants to serve as a labor force. d.led to a black majority in that colony by the 1730s. e.is considered by most historians to be the most important cause of the Yamasee War.
d
The language (with mixed African roots) spoken by African-American slaves on rice plantations of South Carolina and Georgia during the eighteenth century was known as: a. Ashanti. b. Yoruba. c. Creole. d. Gullah. e. Ibo.
d
The language (with mixed African roots) spoken by African-American slaves on the rice plantations of South Carolina and Georgia during the eighteenth century was known as: a.Ashanti. b.Yoruba. c.Creole. d.Gullah. e.Ibo.
d
What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? a.to end the slave trade b.to protect the Indians c.to open up more land for settlement d.to bring stability to the colonial frontier e.to prohibit Catholicism in the territory newly acquired from France
d
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the slave trade in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world? a.Slaves were bought and sold in the Atlantic world as part of a series of trading routes that also involved British manufactured goods and colonial products such as tobacco and sugar. b.The Atlantic slave trade was a vital part of world commerce in the 1700s. c.Even those in areas where slavery was only a minor institution, such as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, profited from the slave trade. d.Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States). e.Many slaves died of diseases on board slave ships during the Middle Passage.
d
How did trade with native populations contribute to political instability in the American colonies? a) European goods helped reverse the American Indian population decline, leading to increased conflict over land claims for farming or hunting. b) Frustration with the intentional trade of inferior goods led many American Indians to attempt to drive Europeans out of their settlements. c) Increasing demand for European manufactured goods and restrictive British trade policies combined to create unrest among both white and American Indian settlers. d) American Indians armed with European guns used them to defend their territory against frontier settlers and their livestock, increasing demand for frontier defense policy
d) American Indians armed with European guns used them to defend their territory against frontier settlers and their livestock, increasing demand for frontier defense policy
In Yoruba traditional religions, the god Obatala created Earth and human beings."The kindness of the seventh day,Never to leave the king,The worshiper of the father,The worshiper of the god,The worshiper of the savior,The father savior;Without a hearth,We ourselves make ourselves Children of Obatala."—Translation from an African-Brazilian Folk Song How is a combining of cultures reflected in the song excerpt? a) The song was sung in English in the colonies. b) The Yoruba people were American Indians native to Brazil c) The slaves of Brazil replaced their traditions with Christianity. d) The words reflect both Christian and traditional African beliefs.
d) the words reflect both Christian and traditional African beliefs
In the portrait of Olaudah Equiano in his book, Equiano holds a: a. globe. b. piece of sugar cane. c. compass. d. Bible. e. gun.
d. Bible.
Which of the following statements accurately describes life in New France?
d. France encouraged significant emigration, so the colony's population became the largest in North America.
In what ways was Puritan church membership a restrictive status? a. Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued. b. Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections. c. Only property owners could be full members of the church. d. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace. e. Full membership required that one's parents and grandparents had been church members.
d. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.
The language (with mixed African roots) spoken by African-American slaves on the rice plantations of South Carolina and Georgia during the eighteenth century was known as: a. Ashanti. b. Yoruba. c. Creole. d. Gullah. e. Ibo.
d. Gullah.
Which of the following was one of the primary focuses of the Great League of Peace?
d. It relied on representatives from different groups to decide on whether to have friendly relations with outsiders.
4. Around 9,000 years ago, where did farming first start in the Americas? a. the Mississippi Valley b. the Ohio Valley c. around the Amazon River d. Mexico and the mountains of South America e. the Near East
d. Mexico and the mountains of South America
English and Dutch merchants created a well-organized system for "redemptioners." What was this system for?
for carrying indentured German families to America, where they would work off their transportation debt
A seventeenth-century colonial woman who believed she was cheated out of money would have the best chance of having her case heard if she lived in
d. New Amsterdam.
Before founding Pennsylvania, William Penn assisted a group of English Quakers to set up a colony in what became: a. New Hampshire. b. North Carolina. c. Delaware. d. New Jersey. e. Ontario.
d. New Jersey.
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of the slave trade in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world? a. Slaves were bought and sold in the Atlantic world as part of a series of trading routes that also involved British manufactured goods and colonial products such as tobacco and sugar. b. The Atlantic slave trade was a vital part of world commerce in the 1700s. c. Even those in areas where slavery was only a minor institution, such as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, profited from the slave trade. d. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States). e. Many slaves died of diseases on board slave ships during the Middle Passage.
d. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States).
Of colonists in British North America, which group was the wealthiest? a. Philadelphia merchants b. Boston political elite c. Virginia tobacco farmers d. South Carolina rice planters e. New York merchants
d. South Carolina rice planters
9. After exploring the Atlantic coast in the late sixteenth century, an Englishman writes in his journal about untouched wilderness. What could this description mean to a European? a. The land was beautiful and made him think badly of and ultimately reject the European countryside. b. It would take the expedition too much effort to build a settlement, and such a settlement was almost sure to fail. c. The Native Americans had developed bustling metropolises in many areas along the Atlantic coast. d. The English believed the land was theirs for the taking, despite the possible presence of Native Americans. e. The area lacked any resources that the English could successfully exploit because it was so underdeveloped.
d. The English believed the land was theirs for the taking, despite the possible presence of Native Americans.
People from ________ were most likely to go to other European countries or rival colonies before settling in one of their own ________ colonies.
france, french
Which of the following describes women's rights under "coverture"?
d. They were banned from signing contracts.
Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go? a. New Netherland b. Plymouth Rock c. Boston d. Virginia e. Pennsylvania
d. Virginia
The Mayflower Compact established: a. religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts. b. the right to emigrate to America. c. a company chartered to settle New England. d. a civil government for the Plymouth colony. e. peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.
d. a civil government for the Plymouth colony.
What factor had the greatest impact on ensuring Hernán Cortés's victory over the Aztecs?
d. a smallpox epidemic that devastated Aztec society
17. Who in the sixteenth-century Spanish empire would have the most authority? a. a Native American chief b. a Catholic priest c. a locally born wealthy landowner d. an administrative official from Spain e. an administrative official born in the New World
d. an administrative official from Spain
Spain's Las Siete Partidas, a series of laws touching on slavery: a. strongly influenced the English as they devised their own laws about slavery. b. was strictly enforced in Mexico, Cuba, and other Spanish colonies until those areas achieved independence. c. required masters to free female slaves on their twenty-first birthdays. d. gave slaves some opportunities to claim rights under the law in Spain's American empire. e. did not apply to Spanish possessions in the New World.
d. gave slaves some opportunities to claim rights under the law in Spain's American empire.
12. African enslavement of other Africans a. resulted from the arrival of Europeans. b. included no form of rights for the slaves. c. was the only kind of labor on that continent. d. involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives. e. accelerated with the arrival of the French in the 1520s.
d. involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.
The development of rice plantations in South Carolina: a. occurred only after the colony's planters unsuccessfully sought to cultivate tobacco, sugar cane, and indigo. b. required such large capital investments that Carolina's planters never became as wealthy as those in the Chesapeake region. c. would have proven impossible without the importation of thousands of European indentured servants to serve as a labor force. d. led to a black majority in that colony by the 1730s. e. is considered by most historians to be the most important cause of the Yamasee War.
d. led to a black majority in that colony by the 1730s.
15. In 1492, the Native American population a. lived mostly in the area of present-day Canada. b. lived primarily in large urban areas. c. was immune to smallpox and measles. d. lived mostly south of the present-day United States. e. comprised at least 200 million people.
d. lived mostly south of the present-day United States.
Anne Hutchinson: a. really was no threat to the Puritan establishment because women were so clearly considered inferior. b. angered Puritan authorities by supporting the claims of Roger Williams. c. engaged in Antinomianism, a sexual practice that the Puritans considered threatening to traditional gender relations. d. opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace. e. would have been left alone if she had not also run for a seat in the General Court.
d. opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace.
The economy of the Carolina colony: a. was based on plantation agriculture from the beginning. b. immediately proved profitable because of its reliance upon rice. c. was exactly the same as that of Barbados. d. originally centered on cattle-raising and trade. e. had nothing to do with slavery.
d. originally centered on cattle-raising and trade.
Georgia was established by James Oglethorpe, whose causes included improved conditions for imprisoned debtors and the abolition of: a. indentured servitude. b. a hereditary system. c. taxes. d. slavery. e. property requirements for voting.
d. slavery.
The British Country Party: a. declined in popularity as England became an increasingly urbanized country. b. underwrote the expenses of a large number of the migrants to the American colonies. c. opposed the power of the landed gentry in British politics. d. sought to stop corruption in British politics. e. required its leaders to dress in work clothes to promote the idea of being "of the people."
d. sought to stop corruption in British politics.
24. What served as an example of a borderlands area in colonial America? a. the Carolina coastline b. Natchez c. Plymouth d. the Great Lakes e. Chaco Canyon
d. the Great Lakes
Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia? a. a large and sustained increase in the importation of indentured servants b. generous payments to Native Americans to encourage them to give up their lands to white farmers c. changes in the political style of Virginia's powerful large-scale planters, who adopted a get-tough policy with small farmers and hired their own militia to enforce their will d. the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations e. an order from Governor Berkeley that Native Americans could serve in the militia
d. the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations
According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake:
free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court
The idea of liberalism in eighteenth-century British politics: a. had the same meaning as liberalism in twenty-first-century American politics. b. had mainly a civic and social quality. c. brought great wealth and power to its main voice, John Locke. d. was compatible with inequalities in wealth and well-being. e. prompted two eighteenth-century leaders, Joseph McCarthy and Hugh McCarran, to demand independence for Ireland.
d. was compatible with inequalities in wealth and well-being.
"Enumerated" goods: a. made up the bulk of items imported into the colonies from abroad. b. were those the English colonies could not produce under terms of the Navigation Acts. c. created a financial drain on the English government during the seventeenth century. d. were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that could only be sold initially in English ports. e. were specifically exempt from England's mercantilist regulations.
d. were colonial products, such as tobacco and sugar, that could only be sold initially in English ports.
In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who: a. owned land, regardless of their church membership. b. had served their term as indentured servants. c. were freed slaves. d. were landowning church members. e. voted.
d. were landowning church members.
According to laws in the seventeenth-century Chesapeake,
free blacks had the right to sue and testify in court.
Which of the following words ultimately describes the Walking Purchase of 1737 from the perspective of the Lenni Lenape Indians?
deceptive
The Free Soil Party
demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond the abolition
The development of African-American cultures that synthesized diverse African cultures with European elements
developed differently in each of the three North American slave systems.
The Virginia Company can be called a failure primarily because:
did not make money
In contrast to the Chesapeake region, the population in New England:
did not stress family based activities
Which group made up the bulk of Nathaniel Bacon's army?
discontented men who had recently been servants
Adam Smith recorded in 1776 that the "two greatest and most important" events in the history of mankind were the
discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia
The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs:
disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake.
The separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century:
doesnt resemble us gov
"Salutary neglect" meant: a.providing little oversight of slaves engaged in the task system. b.colonial legislatures were supposed to meet only when absolutely necessary. c.failing to salute British officers was a punishable offense for colonists. d.the same thing that "child neglect" means today. e.British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves
e
As slave society consolidated in the Chesapeake region, what happened to free blacks? a.They retained the same rights because they were free. b.Their population grew rapidly through natural reproduction. c.The British government ordered the colonies to treat them better. d.They bought increasing numbers of plantations. e,They lost many of their rights.
e
The 1741 panic in New York City that led to thirty-four executions was sparked by: a.a series of murders. b.the seizing of the armory. c.a rally of boisterous Irish. d.the imprisonment of twenty free blacks. e.a series of fires.
e
The English finally became successful in defeating the French in the Seven Years' War under the leadership of: a.George Washington. b.Edward Braddock. c.Robert Carter. d.John Locke. e.William Pitt.
e
The task system: a.was the most widely used form of labor discipline in British North America. b.allowed slaves to own a portion of the land they worked. c.meant that slaves were strictly supervised and had little autonomy. d.was created by the South Carolina assembly in response to the Stono Rebellion. e.assigned slaves daily jobs and allowed them free time upon completion of those jobs.
e
Which one of the following did NOT contribute to the expansion of the public sphere during the eighteenth century? a.the establishment of literary and philosophical clubs b.widespread literacy c.the proliferation of newspapers and libraries d.the trial of John Peter Zenger e.the founding of the California missions
e
Which one of the following statements about slaves in the Chesapeake is FALSE? a.Slaves learned English. b.Slaves participated in the Great Awakening. c.Slaves were exposed to white culture. d.Slaves began to experience family-centered communities. e.Slave communities remained distinctly African in culture.
e
The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 addressed:
general conflicts
Both republican and liberal systems of thought felt the foundation of freedom was
security of property.
Which of the following was not a factor that made African slavery appealing to English planters in the New World? a. Since slaves' terms of service never expired, unlike those of indentured servants, Africans could create a permanent labor force. b. Europeans believed that Africans were more accustomed to hard agricultural labor than were Native Americans, and thus would be better workers. c. Africans had long since developed a resistance to European diseases, making epidemics less likely than among Native American laborers. d. Africans could not claim the protection of English common law. e. A long English legal tradition of discriminating against dark-skinned peoples eased the legalization of slavery.
e. A long English legal tradition of discriminating against dark-skinned peoples eased the legalization of slavery.
3. What was a commonality shared between the Asians who crossed the Bering Strait and the Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years later? a. Both groups were sent there by powerful monarchs. b. Both groups were driven by the desire to hunt large mammals. c. Both groups started as slaves and then gained their freedom during the journey. d. Both groups trekked during bitter ice ages. e. Both groups were searching for resources.
e. Both groups were searching for resources.
What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations?
e. Catholics in Spain supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.
In the aftermath of the Revolution, a common national identity and consciousness
took time to sink deep.
What was the most significant result of Ferdinand Magellan's explorations?
e. His voyages corrected Columbus's erroneous assessment of the earth's size.
By the eighteenth century, Florida played what role in the Spanish empire?
e. It served as a fortified outpost for Cuba.
Pennsylvania's treatment of Native Americans was unique in what way? a. Pennsylvania was the only colony in which efforts at conversion focused on turning Native Americans into Quakers. b. The colony bought all of the land the Native Americans occupied and moved them west of the Appalachians, meaning that Indians were relocated but not decimated. c. Because Quakers were pacifists, they had to bring in militias from other colonies to take over Native American lands. d. Despite Quaker pacifism, Pennsylvanians were determined to exterminate the natives. e. Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.
e. Pennsylvania purchased Indian land that was then resold to colonists and offered refuge to tribes driven out of other colonies.
Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World?
gov provided insufficient financial support
19. The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was a. Tucson. b. Albuquerque. c. El Paso. d. San Diego. e. Santa Fe.
e. Santa Fe.
Which one of the following statements about slaves in the Chesapeake is FALSE? a. Slaves learned English. b. Slaves participated in the Great Awakening. c. Slaves were exposed to white culture. d. Slaves began to experience family-centered slave communities. e. Slave communities remained distinctly African in culture.
e. Slave communities remained distinctly African in culture.
The Old Plantation, a late-eighteenth-century watercolor, depicts slaves dancing. What does the portrait reveal? a. Africans totally adopted American culture. b. Slaves danced only when their masters ordered them to do so. c. Slave artists could do a great deal with the limited painting supplies their masters gave them. d. Slaves and their masters danced together, but that was the legal limit to their interaction. e. Slaves mixed both African and European-American cultures.
e. Slaves mixed both African and European-American cultures.
The Magna Carta
granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons.
Which of the following was true of small farmers in 1670s Virginia? a. The economy was doing so well that even though they made less money than large-scale planters, their problems were too small to justify their rebellion. b. They had access to the best land, but a glut in the tobacco market left them in poverty. c. Their taxes were incredibly low—the one issue with which they were pleased. d. They could count on the government to help them take over Native American lands and thereby expand their meager holdings. e. The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.
e. The lack of good land, high taxes on tobacco, and falling prices reduced their prospects.
As slave society consolidated in the Chesapeake region, what happened to free blacks? a. They retained the same rights because they were free. b. Their population grew rapidly through natural reproduction. c. The British government ordered the colonies to treat them better. d. They bought increasing numbers of plantations. e. They lost many of their rights.
e. They lost many of their rights.
The 1741 panic in New York City that led to 34 executions was sparked by: a. a series of murders. b. the seizing of the armory. c. a rally of boisterous Irish. d. the imprisonment of twenty free blacks. e. a series of fires.
e. a series of fires.
What was the Covenant Chain? a. the promise James II gave Parliament that he would marry a Protestant princess b. an agreement between the Dutch and the Mohican Nation that led to the founding of New Netherland c. a mythical piece of priceless gold jewelry that Europeans wished to acquire from the Iroquois d. an important Puritan text that spelled out the doctrine of predestination e. an alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy
e. an alliance made by the governor of New York and the Iroquois Confederacy
23. In regard to history, what was a borderland? a. a defined boundary between nations b. the area around the coastline c. an area exclusively designated as a no-trade zone d. an exclusively unsettled area e. an unclear geographical and cultural border
e. an unclear geographical and cultural border
The task system: a. was the most widely used form of labor discipline in British North America. b. allowed slaves to own a portion of the land they worked. c. meant that slaves were strictly supervised and had little autonomy. d. was created by the South Carolina assembly in response to the Stono Rebellion. e. assigned slaves daily jobs and allowed them free time upon completion of those jobs.
e. assigned slaves daily jobs and allowed them free time upon completion of those jobs.
The Half-Way Covenant of 1662: a. set up civil government in Massachusetts. b. allowed Baptists and Quakers to attend, but not join, Puritan churches. c. gave women limited voting rights in Puritan congregations. d. permitted anyone who paid a tithe to be baptized in a Puritan church. e. did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership.
e. did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership.
Native inhabitants of the Americas generally understood freedom
e. in terms of the well-being of one's community, mutual obligation, and group autonomy.
The British concept of liberty: a. allowed for unrestrained government authority, since restraints would contradict the very idea of liberty. b. meant that liberty and power could be compatible. c. was a constant reminder to the British that their governmental system was not the best means of preventing absolutism. d. had no connections to how the British viewed their empire. e. included both formal restraints on authority and a collection of specific rights.
e. included both formal restraints on authority and a collection of specific rights.
African enslavement of other Africans
e. involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.
In 1492, the Native American population
e. lived mostly south of the present-day United States.
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina: a. were modeled on the governing structure of the Iroquois Confederacy. b. banned slavery as antithetical to their goal of creating a society based on peasants working for noblemen. c. allowed no elected assembly. d. permitted only members of the Church of England to worship freely. e. proposed a feudal society in the New World, complete with hereditary nobility.
e. proposed a feudal society in the New World, complete with hereditary nobility.
Native American religious ceremonies
e. reflected a belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.
What commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century? a. tobacco b. indigo c. silver d. cotton e. sugar
e. sugar
Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because
e. the merchants were known as factors.
What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the midseventeenth century? a. England's defeat of the Netherlands in the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War of 1649 b. England's victory in a 1676 religious war with Spain c. a treaty signed with the Iroquois Confederacy d. the incredible financial success of the British East India Company e. the restoration of the monarchy in 1660
e. the restoration of the monarchy in 1660
The language of British liberty: a. was Latin and Greek, reflecting the emphasis that the educated upper class put on the subject. b. did not include the idea that the people had the right to protest government actions. c. excluded those outside the "political nation" (meaning those who voted or held office). d. allowed those outside of office to speak openly, but not to write down their views. e. was used by humble members of society as well as by the elite.
e. was used by humble members of society as well as by the elite.
The Freedmen's Bureau's greatest accomplishments were in
education and health care
As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis.
As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:
efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis.
Anne Hutchinson's trial demonstrated that:
elders lacked intolerance
The Virginia slave code of 1705
embedded the principle of white supremacy in law.
Women in Dutch settlements
enjoyed more independence than in other colonies.
The Sons of Liberty
enjoyed support from New York craftsmen and laborers.
The Sons of Liberty:
enjoyed support from New York craftsmen and laborers.
Tobacco production in Virginia:
enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government.
For Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast, disease and:
environmental factors had effect
Which statement about the Articles of Confederation is true?
establish national control over land to the west of the thirteen states.
England's Glorious Revolution of 1688
established parliamentary supremacy once and for all.
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
establishment of Dominion of New England; Glorious Revolution in England; English Toleration Act
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
establishment of Dominion of New England; Glorious Revolution in England; Parliamentary Declaration of Rights
Pre-Columbian Native Americans lacked metal tools:
europe thought superior
For his missionary work Junípero Serra was:
eventually made a saint by the Catholic Church
"Racism"—the idea that some races are inherently superior to others and entitled to rule over them—was fully developed in seventeenth-century colonial Virginia.
false
After 1667, the Virginia House of Burgesses held that Christians could not enslave other Christians.
false
As colonial society became more structured, opportunities for women in the eighteenth century increased.
false
Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 was a rebellion over a tax increase on bacon.
false
By 1750, colonial America had become a land of the very rich and the desperately poor; the in-between ranks of yeomen and craftsmen had all but disappeared.
false
During the eighteenth century, many American elites felt distinctively American rather than more like the "Anglicized" English.
false
Eighteenth-century British America was much less diverse than the English population.
false
In human history, slaves have all been blacks.
false
In the late seventeenth century, the Iroquois were known for their fierce hatred and courageous fighting against British colonists.
false
Over the century between 1650 and 1750, the agricultural economies of New England, the Middle Colonies, and the backcountry grew more and more alike.
false
The British concept of liberty:
included both formal restraints on authority and a collection of specific rights.
The government of the Spanish empire in America
included local officials who held a great deal of control
The participants in South Carolina's Stono Rebellion:
included some who apparently had been soldiers in Africa.
As colonization began, the European idea of freedom
included the idea of abandoning sin to embrace the teachings of Jesus Christ.
n 1776, Adam Smith observed what fact about the Western Hemisphere?
indians suffered great misfortune
Which is true of plantation owners in the nineteenth century?
insisted that slavery was required in order for whites to be truly free
________ describes best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.
intolerant
The Thirteenth Amendment
introduced the word "slavery" into the Constitution.
In the Walking Purchase of 1737
introduced to the colony of Pennsylvania fraudulent practices of taking Indian lands.
The Walking Purchase of 1737
introduced to the colony of Pennsylvania fraudulent practices of taking Indian lands.
Violent social turmoil in rural areas during the 1760s:
involved events in both northern and southern colonies.
Slavery in Africa
involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives
African enslavement of other Africans
involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.
African enslavement of other Africans:
involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.
ust as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?
ireland
What factor had the greatest impact on ensuring Hernán Cortés's victory over the Aztecs?
iron weapons and gunpowder
When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage
it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians.
In seventeenth-century England, the main lines of division focused on
race
In the Chesapeake region, slavery:
rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680
In Puritan marriages:
reciprocal companionship and affection were ideal
The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s
recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor
Another name for indentured families was
redemptioners
Native American religious ceremonies...
reflected a belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things
The Charter of Liberties and Privileges in New York:
reflected in part an effort by the British to exert their influence and control over the Dutch.
The Massachusetts General Court:
reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference.
As governor of New Netherland, Petrus Stuyvesant:
refused the open practice of religion by Quakers and Lutherans.
In the prevailing theory of mercantilism, the government should
regulate economic activity to promote the nation's power
With the Sugar Act, Britain
reigned in smuggling by prosecuting accused smugglers without a trail jury.
The Declaratory Act
rejected American claims that only their elected representatives could levy taxes.
The Declaratory Act:
rejected American claims that only their elected representatives could levy taxes.
In seventeenth-century England, the main lines of division focused on:
religion
What was the Great Awakening?
religious movement
Which one of the following is true of religion in seventeenth century Europe?
religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order
Pennsylvania's Charter of Liberty
required persons to affirm Jesus Christ's divinity.
Pennsylvania's Charter of Liberty:
required persons to affirm Jesus Christ's divinity.
What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid-seventeenth century?
restoration of monarch
According to New England Puritans, witchcraft
resulted from pacts that women made with the devil to obtain supernatural powers or interfere with natural processes.
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
resulted in absolute power over slaves and indentured servants.
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina:
resulted in absolute power over slaves and indentured servants.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688:
resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II's son would lead to a Catholic succession
Glorious Revolution (1688)
resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II's son would lead to a Catholic succession.
The Glorious Revolution of 1688
resulted mainly from the fears of English aristocrats that the birth of James II's son would lead to a Catholic succession.
Carolina grew slowly until planters discovered what staple crop?
rice
What staple was the key to making Carolina an extremely hierarchical society, ruled by the wealthiest elite in English North America?
rice
Along with sugar, the West Indies also produced this increasingly popular product enjoyed by both North American colonists and Indians.
rum
At Antietam,
the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history.
Shays's Rebellion was significant because it demonstrated
the need for a stronger central government
What 1430s invention was instrumental in spreading the news of Columbus's voyage across Europe?
the printing press with movable type
Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia?
the replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations
What sparked a new period of colonial expansion for England in the mid-seventeenth century?
the return of Charles II as king of England
A commonality shared between the Asians who crossed the Bering Strait and the Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years later was
the search for food items
A commonality shared between the Asians who crossed the Bering Strait and the Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years later was:
the search for food items.
What was the Middle Passage?
the second leg of the trans-Atlantic trade
Pueblo Indians lived in what is now
the southwestern United States
The Columbian Exchange was?
the transatlantic flow of people, plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.
The Columbian Exchange was
the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World
The Columbian Exchange was:
the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.
How did Latin American republics established between 1810 and 1822 differ from the United States?
their constitutions extended the right to vote to Indians and free blacks
Europeans-particularly the English, French, and Dutch-generally claimed North American Indian land as their own based on the
their view that Indians did not use the land properly
to solidify control of virginia what did england do?
they put the colony under control of crown
How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty?
they supported freedom of religion in their colony
The Sugar Act alarmed colonists, in part because it:
threatened the profits of colonial merchants already in economic trouble.
Which of the following was a goal for the English in gaining New Amsterdam and New Netherland from the Dutch?
to act as a launching pad for attacks on the French colonies
The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was:
to be unquestioned
What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
to bring stability to the colonial frontier
The biggest reason Jews left Europe was
to escape rigid religious restrictions in German-speaking areas of Europe.
Why did Roger Williams found Rhode Island?
to establish a haven for religious dissenters
The main point of The American Crisis is
to inspire American soldiers to continue to fight despite demoralizing military losses.
What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity?
tobacco
