5.11 power of language

Select the clause from the drop-down menu that correctly completes this sentence. Thomas Edison________________lived and worked in New Jersey.

, who is best known for inventing the electric light bulb,

Select words from the drop-down menus to correctly complete the relative clauses. The day, which started out as disappointing, eventually turned out to be great. First, I went to work,____ I learned that I was scheduled to work over the coming weekend, even though I had asked for time off. I cleared the matter up by speaking to my boss_____ was very understanding. Cindy, to-____- I will now owe a huge favor, agreed to work my shifts. Then, I went to lunch with friends at the diner _____________ serves my favorite milkshakes. It turned out to be wonderful day!_____

1) where 2)who 3)whom 4)that

Abraham LincolnSecond Inaugural AddressSaturday, March 4, 1865

At multiple points in the speech, Lincoln refers to the idea of righteousness or doing what is right. How does Lincoln make a connection between righteousness and the war? Lincoln suggests that the war was a righteous war because it was fought for good reasons: to preserve the Union and to restrict the expansion of slavery

Abraham LincolnSecond Inaugural AddressSaturday, March 4, 1865 President Lincoln gave his second inaugural address in March 1865. The Civil War had been raging for years, and hundreds of thousands of Americans were dead. The war was nearly over, but President Lincoln would not see its conclusion. He was assassinated in April 1865. Fellow-Countrymen: At this second appearing to take the oath of the Presidential office there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed fitting and proper. Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured.....

How does Lincoln use rhetoric to advance his purpose? A call to action is used to inspire the audience to continue the hard work before them.

Read the poem. Seacoast Silhouette All up and down the dunes, the tall green grasses dance, as the wind plays lively tunes across the sandy expanse. But the moon above is a statue, 5 silent and somber and still, its reflection on the sea is a tattoo, that we watch from upon the hill.

How does personification affect the tone of the first stanza? It gives the stanza a positive, playful tone.

Seacoast Silhouette All up and down the dunes, the tall green grasses dance, as the wind plays lively tunes across the sandy expanse. But the moon above is a statue, 5 silent and somber and still, its reflection on the sea is a tattoo, that we watch from upon the hill.

How does the metaphor in line 5 affect the poem's meaning? It helps readers to better imagine the motionlessness of the moon in contrast to the movement of the dune grass.

Come Up From the Fields, Fatherexcerpt from Drum-Tapsby Walt Whitman How does the language in Stanza 9 evoke a sense of the time in which the poem is set? Grieve not so, dear mother, (the just-grown daughter speaksthrough her sobs,The little sisters huddle around speechless and dismay'd,)See, dearest mother, the letter says Pete will soon be better.

It uses archaic phrasing such as Grieve not so, indicating the poem is set long ago.

To the Mountains Let there be light, the sky Declares. And the sun answers. Yellow ribbons cascade across A serrated skyline, filling each valley Until it bursts. Alpine mornings wake in defiance Of gravity. The rock opens its hands, Draws men up, through the light. Distant summits, where the earth Meets the heavens. The earth shifts through each ribbon, Like water, an ocean of rock Braced against, all that space. Where men drift, a sea above and below, And reach

Part A What connotative meaning is developed by the words Draws men up in the second stanza? tempts Part B How does the connotative meaning of Draws men up, identified in Part A, affect the tone of the poem? It conveys a sense of fascination.

"Day of Infamy" Speechby Franklin Delano Roosevelt Following Japan's attack of the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt delivered a speech to a joint session of Congress. Congress would subsequently issue a declaration of war and the United States would enter World War ll. Draft No. 1 December 7, 1941 Proposed Message to Congress Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a day which will live in infamy, the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of Japan. The United States, at the moment, was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, and was still in conversation with its Government and its Emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. While this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of continued hope for peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian Islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. Very many American lives have been lost. In addition American ships have been torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. As Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. Long will we remember the character of the onslaught against us. Handwritten note: No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory

Read paragraph 1 of the draft of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Day of Infamy speech and then listen to the audio recording. Why does Roosevelt begin his speech by addressing his audience when the draft includes no such address?

Statue of Liberty The statue named Liberty Enlightening the World, more commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, is quite possibly one of the most iconic monuments on Earth. It stands proudly on Liberty Island in the New York Harbor and has welcomed immigrants arriving from abroad since its dedication on October 28, 1886. The story of how the statue originated is quite spectacular. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States to commemorate the lasting friendship between the two nations. France provided aid to the United States during the American Revolution. In 1865, Edouard de Laboulaye, a French intellectual, suggested that France should honor the centennial of the United States with a statue that represented liberty to honor both the freedom and democracy of the United States and the legacy of President Lincoln. Laboulaye was a French liberal who believed that people had natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. He hoped that the French would be inspired by the United States victories and accomplishments to create their own democracy from a repressive monarchy. The United States would be responsible for building the pedestal that the statue sat on and the French the statue itself. Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor, began designing the statue in 1870. He later sought the assistance of Gustave Eiffel, the French engineer famed for designing the Eiffel Tower, to design the internal structure and form of the statue. It was not until 1876, however, that the actual construction of the statue began. Bartholdi's design started with a small-scale model of the statue. Then, the craftsmen from Gaget, Gauthier, and Company, the foundry Bartholdi had hired, increased the sizes of subsequent models until they had created a plaster model supported by a wooden frame that was about one-fourth the size of the completed statue. During this process, Bartholdi made slight changes to the sculpture for aesthetic purposes. This model was then divided up into 300 sections, and each section was enlarged to four times its original size using a process called "pointing up." Pointing up is a mathematical process that requires thousands of measurements and verifications. From these 300 full-scale plaster sections, wooden molds were made of the statue's surface. Then, using a method called repousse, workers hammered copper sheets into these wooden molds. The copper sheets were about one-tenth of an inch in thickness and had to be heated to create more complicated shapes. Two-inch wide wrought iron bands were fit inside each of the copper sections to give it support. Gustave Eiffel, designed an internal iron framework onto which the giant copper plates of Bartholdi's sculpture would ultimately be attached in final construction. Eiffel's internal framework was designed to allow the statue's copper "skin" sections to move independently, yet still remain standing. This allowance for movement would be very important as the statue needed to be somewhat flexible because it would be subject to harsh weather and wind in the New York Harbor. The workers assembled the statue in Paris by using temporary rivets to connect each of the copper plates. The statue was then disassembled and shipped to New York in 210 crates aboard the French Navy steamship Isère. The crates containing the parts of the statue arrived in New York in 1885. However, it was not until 1886 that the reconstruction of the statue began because the pedestal upon which the statue would stand was not yet complete. In 1844, architect Richard M. Hunt designed the statue's granite pedestal. When reconstruction finally began, the first piece that was assembled was Gustave Eiffel's internal iron framework. Workers were then able to put together the rest of the statue without the use of exterior scaffolding. The statue was successfully reassembled in four months and contained 100 tons of copper plate and 300,000 copper rivets. President Grover Cleveland finally dedicated the Statue of Liberty to the citizens of the United States on October 28, 1886

The statue's temporary construction in Paris is depicted in this photo. The statue was disassembled after this photograph was taken.

Which revision of these sentences uses an adverb clause? Alex played the saxophone. The cat hid. The cat hissed.

Whenever Alex played the saxophone, the cat hid and hissed.

Abraham LincolnSecond Inaugural AddressSaturday, March 4, 1865

Which statement best describes how Lincoln develops the theme that the North and South, while at war, are more alike than they realize? He declares that while they have been at war, both the North and South pray to the same God; this is meant to reinforce the idea that they are all Americans and hold the same values.

Come Up From the Fields, Fatherexcerpt from Drum-Tapsby Walt Whitman Come up from the fields father, here's a letter from our Pete,And come to the front door mother, here's a letter from thydear son. Lo, 'tis autumn,Lo, where the trees, deeper green, yellower and redder,Cool and sweeten Ohio's villages, with leaves fluttering in themoderate wind,Where apples ripe in the orchards hang and grapes on thetrellis'd vines,(Smell you the smell of the grapes on the vines?Smell you the buckwheat where the bees were lately buzzing?) Above all, lo, the sky so calm, so transparent after the rain, and withwondrous clouds,Below too, all calm, all vital and beautiful, and the farmprospers well. Down in the fields all prospers well,But now from the fields come father, come at the daughter's call,And come to the entry mother, to the front door come right away. Fast as she can she hurries, something ominous, her steps trembling,She does not tarry to smooth her hair nor adjust her cap. Open the envelope quickly,O this is not our son's writing, yet his name is sign'd,O a strange hand writes for our dear son, O strickenmother's soul! All swims before her eyes, flashes with black, she catches the main words only,Sentences broken, gunshot wound in the breast, cavalry skirmish, taken to hospital,At present low, but will soon be better. Ah now the single figure to me,Amid all teeming and wealthy Ohio with all its cities and farms,Sickly white in the face and dull in the head, very faint,By the jamb of a door leans. Grieve not so, dear mother, (the just-grown daughter speaks through her sobs,The little sisters huddle around speechless and dismay'd,)See, dearest mother, the letter says Pete will soon be better. Alas poor boy, he will never be better, (nor maybe needs to be better, that brave and simple soul,)While they stand at home at the door he is dead already,The only son is dead. But the mother needs to be better,She with thin form presently drest in black,By day her meals untouch'd, then at night fitfully sleeping, often waking,In the midnight waking, weeping, longing with one deep longing,O that she might withdraw unnoticed, silent from life escape and withdraw, To follow, to seek, to be with her dear dead son

Which statement best explains how the imagery in Stanza 4 affects the tone of the poem? It creates a sense of urgency and worry and sets a concerned tone

To Winterby William Blake "O Winter! bar thine adamantine doors:The north is thine; there hast thou built thy darkDeep-founded habitation. Shake not thy roofs,Nor bend thy pillars with thine iron car." He hears me not, but o'er the yawning deepRides heavy; his storms are unchain'd, sheathedIn ribbed steel; I dare not lift mine eyes,For he hath rear'd his sceptre o'er the world. Lo! now the direful monster, whose skin clingsTo his strong bones, strides o'er the groaning rocks:He withers all in silence, and his handUnclothes the earth, and freezes up frail life. He takes his seat upon the cliffs; the marinerCries in vain. Poor little wretch! that deal'stWith storms, till heaven smiles, and the monsterIs driv'n yelling to his caves beneath mount Hecla. adamantine: unbreakable sheathed: encased sceptre: a staff symbolizing power withers: shrinks; enfeebles mount Hecla: an Icelandic volcano that was believed to be a gateway to hell

How does the personification of winter affect the tone of this poem? It creates a hostile tone, as if the speaker is addressing an enemy.

Come Up From the Fields, Fatherexcerpt from Drum-Tapsby Walt Whitman

How does the reference to a "cavalry skirmish" affect the poem? By indicating that the son died in a battle fought by soldiers on horseback, the language evokes a past when the violence of war was close-up and personal.

excerpt from Thomas Jefferson's First Inaugural Address Thomas Jefferson delivered this speech on March 4, 1801. At that time, the two major political parties in the United States were the Federalists and the Republicans. But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this Union or to change its republican form, let them stand undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to combat it. I know, indeed, that some honest men fear that a republican government can not be strong, that this Government is not strong enough; but would the honest patriot, in the full tide of successful experiment, abandon a government which has so far kept us free and firm on the theoretic and visionary fear that this Government, the world's best hope, may by possibility want energy to preserve itself? I trust not. I believe this, on the contrary, the strongest Government on earth. I believe it the only one where every man, at the call of the law, would fly to the standard of the law, and would meet invasions of the public order as his own personal concern...

Part A What does Jefferson believe a good government does for its people? It protects them from physical harm, but allows them economic freedom. It allows the citizens to figure everything out for themselves without interference. - no response given part B How does Jefferson use the language of the speech to enhance and support the viewpoint expressed in Part A? He uses figurative language—"take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned"—to argue that the government should limit its financial demands on people.

"Day of Infamy" Speechby Franklin Delano Roosevelt Mr. Vice President, and Mr. Speaker, and Members of the Senate and House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that Nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its Government and its Emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American Island of Oahu, the Japanese Ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time the Japanese Government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace.

Part A What is one of Roosevelt's purposes for delivering this speech? to inform the American people of Japan's attack on the US and other places in the Pacific Part B Which statement best explains how Roosevelt uses rhetoric to advance the purpose identified in Part A? He uses repetition, employing the phrase "last night" several times, to stress the number of coordinated attacks carried out by the Japanese.