5.14.F - Quiz: Module 5 BIOLOGY STUDY

Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated?

Row 4 meiosis meiosis mitosis

The Law of Probability can be used to predict the probability of given genetic traits appearing in the offspring of parents. In this case, we will look at the inheritance of round (R-dominant) and wrinkled (r-recessive) genes for peas. If you take two coins and write R on one coin and r on the other coin and toss the coin 5 times, what will be the genotype every time?

Rr

This diagram shows a diploid cell with two pairs of homologous chromosomes. (Large chromosome genotypes: T and t. Small chromosome genotypes: S and s.) Due to independent assortment, what is the possible genetic make-up of gametes produced by this organism?

ST, St, sT, st

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?

Sexual reproduction requires two parents, and asexual reproduction requires only one parent.

A human baby boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother. In which circumstance would he most likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele?

The allele is on the X chromosome.

What is the relationship between the sample size and deviation?

The deviation is how far off the estimation was, sample size is an estimation based off of your observant. You will subtract your estimation and the results for the deviation.

Law of Dominance

The dominant gene prevents the appearance of the trait controlled by the other gene.

Which of the following statements best supports Mendel's Law of Segregation?

The individual alleles that make up a gene must separate during gamete formation.

What is probability?

The likelihood that a certain event will occur

What is the product of Meiosis I?

Two genetically variant cells

What is the product of Mitosis?

Two identical daughter cells

Gene

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Mendel thought that every trait was controlled by a pair of factors called _____.

genes

Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

Phenotype

physical characteristics of an organism

The Law of Probability states that when a procedure can result in two equally like outcomes, the probability of either outcome occurring is __________.

50%

The diagram shows the results of meiosis. The parent cell has one pair of chromosomes. The locations of three genes are shown on each chromosome. Why are the chromosomes in two of the sex cells different from the chromosomes in the parent cell?

Crossing-over occurred in the chromosome.

Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?

Daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

Allele

Different forms of a gene

Why is Gregor Mendel considered to be the Father of Modern Genetics?

He became the first to propose a theory of inheritance through experimentation.

Recessive

Masked allele

Mitosis makes ________ cells, and Meiosis makes __________ .

Somatic Gametes

During Prophase I, what is the process called where the chromosomes pair together?

Synapsis

Most reptiles, including lizards and snakes, reproduce sexually. Despite this, parthenogenesis has been observed to occur naturally in certain species of lizards and snakes. Parthenogenesis is a reproductive process by which some females are able to grow and develop embryos without ever having their eggs fertilized by a male. What would happen to a population if all females reproduced through parthenogenesis alone?

The population would have less genetic diversity over time due to the females reproducing asexually instead of sexually

The idea that different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently is Mendel's law of ________.

independent assortment

Which cell division process produces somatic cells?

mitosis

The Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, _______________.

the pair of genes separate so that each gamete has only one of the genes for the trait.

To calculate deviation, you subtract the expected number from the observed number. What would be the deviation based on the data table below? Combinations Expected Observed Heads/Heads 10 12

2

According to the law of probability where there are four equal outcomes, what is the probability that one of the outcomes will occur?

25%

The table lists the trials for fruit color where allele R exhibits incomplete dominance over allele R'. Heterozygous fruit flies have orange phenotypes. What percent of offspring are expected to have an orange phenotype if the parent plants are orange (RR') and yellow (R'R')?

50%

Law of Independent Assortment

As gametes are being formed, the genes for various traits separate independently of one another.

Heterozygous

Contains one dominant and one recessive allele

Homozygous

Contains two dominant or two recessive alleles

During Prophase I, what is the process called where genetic information combines?

Crossing over

The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

Crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged

Law of Segregation

During gamete formation, the pair of genes separate and each gamete has only one of the genes for the trait.

Dominant

Expressed allele

What is the product of Meiosis II?

Four genetically variant cells.

If a sexually reproducing organism was exposed to a harmful substance that caused it to use an asexual process to produce gametes, what would be the result?

Gametes produced would be identical to the parent cells, thereby lowering the genetic diversity of the population.

Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by which observation?

Haploid cells are produced my meiosis.

Rr

Heterozygous, dominant round peas

RR

Homozygous, dominant round peas

rr

Homozygous, recessive wrinkled

God has woven our bodies together in a way that allows us, if properly developed, to repair ourselves. Mitosis and Meiosis are evidence of a divine Creator due to the nature of the process. Through viewing the many steps and specific events that must take place in order for splitting to occur, such a fine-tuned, delicate, and crucial process such as cell division could not have been set in place by chance. Rather, it must have been orchestrated by someone (God) to put it together. Life cannot assemble itself without a Creator to put it together. From what you have gathered from the lab, please explain in your own words how you think cell division demands the existence of God?

I think that the sheer means of our existence is proof of God, or at bare minimum a Higher creator. we are such complex designs, that no random explosion could make. Our existence is not a mistake, we were created specifically to heal wounds and reproduce, this is not a crazy coincidence!

In the Probability lab, what was the expected ratio of heads to tails for tosses of a single coin? Did your results always agree with the expected ratio? If not, what would be a reason for the deviation?

In the Probability lab I was very lose to my guessed. Only off by around 5 at most. This was purely by chance, as my guesses where a random mount close to 50/50. The reason for the deviation could be that the coin was not flipped enough. 50/50 is accurate, but it will take a high amount of tosses to get here.

If this phase did not occur, chromosomes wouldn't replicate, and chromosome copies wouldn't be correctly distributed in the daughter cells.

Interphase

The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. What is the name of this process?

Meiosis

Which process is referred to as "reduction division"?

Meiosis

How are the processes of mitosis and meiosis similar? How are they different? Please answer in 3 to 5 sentences using your best grammar.

Meiosis and mitosis are similar, but hav emany differences. In mitosis, a cell makes a copy of the original cell. In contrast, meiosis creates four cells with half of the genetic information from the original cell.

Before chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell to split, where do the chromosomes line up?

Metaphase plate