5.2 Present Progressive and ser vs estar
ser - origin
*Celia es de España* Celia is from Spain. *Este chocolate es de México.* *Las sillas son de madera*. The chairs are made of wood. *Mi anillo es de oro*. My ring is made of gold.
ser- time
*Hoy es miércoles* Today is Wednesday. *Ayer fue mi cumpleaños*. Yesterday was my birthday. *Ahora es la una* Right now it is one o'clock. *Son las cinco veinticinco* It's five twenty-five.
ser - Occupations
*Soy profesora de español*. I am a Spanish teacher. *Ellos son estudiantes*. They are students. *Mi padre era jardinero*. My father was a gardener. *Juanita es bailarina*. Juanita is a dancer.
2. Location - ser The location of someone or something describes where it is permanently, temporarily, or conceptually.
-El baño está a la derecha de la sala. The bathroom is to the right of the living room. -Estamos en el café ahora y estaremos en el cine en 20 minutos. We are at the café right now and we will be at the movie theater in 20 minutes. -Mi abuelo está en la luna. My grandfather is out of it.
example sentences
-Estoy hablando con mi madre. (I am speaking to my mother.) Los niños están comiendo en el patio. (The children are eating in the yard.) -El abuelo está durmiendo en la sala. Grandpa is sleeping in the (living room.) -Marco está escribiendo un ensayo para su clase de español. (Marco writing an essay for his Spanish class.) -Estamos cocinando la cena. (We are cooking dinner.)
1. Position - estar
-Mi abuela está sentada. My grandmother is seated. -Estaba acostada cuando me llamaste. I was lying down when you called me.
Uses of Ser -descriptions
-descriptions can be names, physical descriptions, nationalities, and even religions. *Yo soy Raúl* I am Raul. *Yo soy alta, morena, y delgada* I am tall, dark-skinned, and thin. *bob es inglés. Bob is English.* *Andrés es católico*. Andres is Catholic.
comer (to eat)
comiendo
descansar (to rest)
descansando
decir (to say or tell)
diciendo
dormir ( to sleep)
durmiendo
escribir (to write)
escribiendo
escuchar (to listen)
escuchando
estudiar (to study)
estudiando
ganar (to win)
ganando
hablar (to speak)
hablando
ser - Characteristics
Amalia es inteligente, atrevida, y amable. Amalia is intelligent, daring, and friendly. Mi esposo es romántico y cariñoso. My husband is romantic and caring.
jugar (to play)
jugando
leer (to read)
leyendo
nadar (to swim)
nadando
pensar (to think)
pensando
practicar (to practice)
practicando
preferir (to prefer)
prefiriendo
preparar (to prepare)
preparando
salir (to leave)
saliendo
traer (to bring)
trayendo
ir (to go)
yendo
Uses of Estar
Estar is used to indicate temporary states and locations. If that general rule doesn't suffice, there are two acronyms that you can think of, PLACE and LoCo. PLACE stands for Position, Location, Action, Condition, and Emotion. LoCo stands for Locations and Conditions.
Estar is used to describe ongoing *actions* and is often followed by a present participle
Estoy lavando los platos sucios. I am washing the dirty dishes. Estamos leyendo los periódicos. We are reading the newspapers.
Physical and mental conditions are described using *estar*
Estoy tan cansada esta mañana. I am so tired this morning. Mis niños están enfermos hoy. My children are sick today. Mi padre está un poco loco. My father is a little crazy.
Emotions How a person is feeling at a certain moment is described using estar.
Estoy triste. I am sad. Ella está contenta porque recibió unas flores de su novio. She is happy because she got some flowers from her boyfriend.
uses of ser
Ser is used to talk about permanent or lasting attributes. If this general rule is too vague for you, think of the acronym DOCTOR, which stands for Descriptions, Occupations, Characteristics, Time, Origin, and Relationships.
1. a. Present Progressive
The present progressive is used to describe actions that are happening at the moment of speaking or that are "progressing in the present". You must always have a form of estar in the present progressive, followed by a present participle. A present participle is formed by dropping the infinitive ending of a verb and adding -ando (for -ar verbs) and -iendo (for -er and -ir verbs) Ex: hablar > habl > hablando comer > com > comiendo
present progressive is formed with the present tense of estar
Yo estoy hablando. I am speaking. Tú estás hablando. You are speaking. Él/Ella está hablando. He/she is speaking. Usted está hablando. You are speaking. Nosotros estamos hablando. We are speaking. Vosotros estáis hablando. You (all) are speaking. Ustedes están hablando. You (all) are speaking. Ellos/Ellas están hablando. They are speaking.
seguir (to follow)
siguiendo
tomar (to take)
tomando
meanings change with ser and estar
¿Lionel juega fútbol? - Sí, es bueno y es muy rico. Lionel plays soccer? - Yes, he's good and he's very rich. ¿Está bueno el café? - Sí, está muy rico. Is the coffee good? - Yes, it's quite tasty. ¡Qué cansado eres! Ya deja de hablar de ti mismo. How tiring you are! Stop talking about yourself already. Si estás cansado, te puedes acostar en el sofá. If you're tired, you can lay down on the couch.