563 Final

According to the "Masters Athlete" article, when does the decline in muscle performance begin?

In the early-to-late 30s

According to the article, "Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly," which of the following is NOT a vasculature change due to the aging process?

Increase in myocyte loss

Which of the following is NOT one of the Healthy People 2020 objectives for older adults?

Increase the number of screenings that can be performed without a deductible or copay

Healthy older adults typically need fewer calories but still require the same levels of nutrients as younger adults. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for a reduction in energy requirements with increasing age:

Increased use of prescription drugs that affect metabolism

The 4-Stage Balance test used in the STEADI program is used for what purpose?

To assess static balance

As Sarah's physician you have several goals in terms of her treatment plan for congestive heart failure (CHF). Which of the following is NOT one of those goals?

To cure Sarah's CHF

How many acupuncture points are there on the body?

1000 to 2000

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part 1," what percentage of people 65 years of age and over have no chronic health conditions?

16 percent

According to the "Masters Athlete" article, older patients should perform balance and coordination activities for how many minutes/day and how many days each week?

20-30 minutes/day and at least 2 days/week

According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," how many doses of the Shingrix vaccine should healthy adults get?

3. Two doses separated by 2 to 6 months

At what age does bone mass typically peak?

35

According to the "Masters Athlete" article, a person can maintain their peak endurance performance until approximately what age?

35 years

How many US adults have Alzheimer's disease?

5,000,000

Alzheimer's disease is the ______ leading cause of death among adults over 65 years old. Select the correct answer from below.

5th

Your grandmother seems to be sleeping more but is complaining that she feels tired much of the time. Which change in sleep patterns in older adults may be affecting her?

A decrease in stage 3 and 4 sleep

You have noticed that your grandfather goes to the doctor a lot and that he always seems to be undergoing various medical tests. Based on your understanding of the typical patterns of disease in older adults, which of following would you most expect to observe in your grandfather?

A medication he has just been prescribed causing complications with his diabetes

What percentage of individuals age 65 years and older in the United States in 2010 were obese?

A. 38%

Bob is a healthy 82 year old. Which of the following represent modifiable factors that may have contributed to Bob's good health? Select all that apply.

A. A diet that includes many fruits, vegetables, and whole grains B. Swimming 5 days per week D. The fact that Bob's father and grandfather enjoyed good health in old age

According to the "Balance and Mobility Terminology" lecture, what is balance?

A. Controlling the center of mass over the base of support

Which of the following are age-related changes in the epidermis? Select all that apply.

A. Decreased thickness C. Decreased moisture E. Decreased rate of cell turnover

You are working as a physician's assistant at a long-term care facility with an older patient named Juanita, who has just begun taking antihypertensive medication. Which of the following are risks associated with taking antihypertensives that you should warn Juanita about? Select all that apply.

A. Dehydration B. Orthostatic hypotension C. Dizziness

You are a gerontologist teaching a group of residents at an assisted living center on lifestyle factors that contribute to digestive problems in older adults. Which of the following should you mention? Select all that apply.

A. Excessive straining when defecating B. Poor dietary choices C. Lack of exercise

Which of the following are primary functions of the urinary system? Select all that apply.

A. Excrete toxic substances and waste products of metabolism B. Help maintain acid-base balance in body fluids D. Remove foreign particles and bacteria from tissue spaces and transport them to the bloodstream E. Regulate water balance in the body

You are a physician's assistant working at an assisted-living facility. A patient of yours, Christopher, experiences constipation often. Which macronutrient would you recommend that he increase his intake of to prevent this condition?

A. Fiber

You are explaining the various functions of the skin to a friend. Which of the following should you mention? Select all that apply.

A. Formation of vitamin D in sunlight C. Barrier against harmful bacteria D. Temperature regulation E. Protection of underlying tissues and structures

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," the selection of exercises that simulate movements from everyday activities performed in practice environments that are similar to those regularly encountered by your clients embodies which exercise principle?

A. Functional relevance

As a nurse working in an independent living facility for older adults, you work with a resident whom you suspect of being alcoholic. Which of the following physical effects that you have observed in this patient would tend to confirm your suspicion? Select all that apply.

A. Malnutrition D. Slurred speech E. Acidosis

You are instructing an older adult, Stella, at a workshop in a local senior center on how to use the Internet. Which of the following age-related changes in memory should you keep in mind as you work with Stella?

A. Memory training programs can improve mental performance. B. It takes longer for older adults to retrieve information from memory. D. More time and effort is required for older adults to memorize new information.

You are explaining the process of mechanical digestion to your classmate. Which of the following should you give as examples of this process? Select all that apply.

A. Rhythmic contractions and relaxation in segments of the small intestine C. Chewing movements in the mouth D. Churning movements in the stomach

You are explaining to a client in your balance class about how the tiny bones of the middle ear, known as the ossicles, transmit sound vibrations that eventually are converted to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain. Which of the following are the names of the ossicles? Select all that apply.

A. Stapes C. Malleus D. Incus

Which of the following are age-related changes in the respiratory system? Select all that apply.

A. The vocal cords thin, producing a higher pitch in voice. B. Alveoli enlarge, decreasing surface area available for gas exchange. D. Lungs decrease in size and elasticity.

According to the article "Physical Activity, Injurious Falls & Physical Function..." active computer gaming (ACG) has been shown to have moderate effects on balance and on functional exercise capacity when the volume to ACG is:

A. >120 min-wk

In terms of drug therapy for osteoporosis prevention, what are the current recommendations for calcium and vitamin D intake?

A. Calcium = 1200 to 1500 mg/day Vitamin D = 800 to 1000 IU daily

The process by which drugs in the bloodstream are sent to various parts of the body is called which of the following?

A. Distribution

As a hospice nurse, you are caring for an older woman named Lois in her home. Lois is dying of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following would be examples of palliative care in this situation?Select all that apply.

Administering prescribed pain medication Providing back massages Providing warm foot baths

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part 1," what do the NIA guidelines say that a balanced physical activity program for older adults should include?

Aerobic endurance, strength, balance and flexibility exercises

Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent in which population?

African American

According to the Functional Health & Frailty online lecture, which ethnicity group has the higher prevalence of frailty?

African Americans

As a health care professional, when would you advise your patient/client to begin testing for glaucoma during their periodic eye examinations?

After age 40

t what age would you recommend that your patients start having a colonoscopy?

Age 50

Imagine that you are a health educator working in a senior center. Which of the following would describe recommendations you would include in a class that you teach on "successful aging?"

All of the other answers.

Which of the following would be examples of common caregiving responsibilities?

All of the provided answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that was seen by Dr. Alzheimer in his patient who had a peculiar disease?

An inability to perform basic activities of daily living

Which age-related disorder of the cardiovascular system is characterized by a hardening of the arteries due to the building up of plaque in the blood vessels?

Atherosclerosis

Your parents are providing care for your grandfather who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following is NOT a suggested guideline for providing good care?

Avoid direct eye contact

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," which type of exercise training would you use to improve muscular strength in your client?

B. A high-resistance and low-repetition exercise program

Which of the following events occur during inspiration (inhalation)? Select all that apply.

B. Air is sucked in. C. Diaphragm contracts and flattens. D. Chest capacity increases.

You are a nutritionist who is counseling a patient who has recently developed gastric ulcers. Which of the following recommendations would you give this patient? Select all that apply.

B. Avoid coffee C. Reduce stress E. Avoid meat extracts

Your boss, Kevin, who is 42 years old, has recently begun holding books and documents at arms' length in order to read them. Which of the following age-related changes in the eye most likely causes this condition?

B. Loss of elasticity of the lens

According to the article "Physical Activity, Injurious Falls & Physical Function..." which of the following statements is NOT true:

B. Physical activity is important for preserving physical function and mobility, but it can't delay the onset of major disability.

As a gerontologist working in a local hospital, you are caring for a patient who has developed a bunion on her big toe. Which of the following are proper interventions for you to make? Select all that apply.

B. Refer the patient to a podiatrist C. Inspect the patient's shoes to make sure they fit properly E. Apply padding to the foot to reduce friction over the area

According to the " Age-Related Changes in Systems that Support Balance & Mobility " lecture, a situation of sensory conflict arises when:

B. The information provided by one or more sensory systems is not in agreement with the information provided by the other sensory systems

Which structure of the immune system atrophies throughout life and is almost nonexistent in older adults?

B. Thymus gland

As a dietitian, you are working with an older patient, Teresa, who has deficits in taste and smell. Teresa, who has hypertension and diabetes, complains that food just tastes bland to her. Which of the following should you encourage Teresa to use to enhance the taste of her food? Select all that apply.

B. Vinegar D. Herbs E. Spices

Which of the following are symptoms that older adults with pneumonia commonly exhibit that are different from those exhibited by younger persons with pneumonia? Select all that apply.

B. Weakness C. Lethargy D. Confusion

Which of the following layers of skin is composed primarily of keratinocytes and the stratum corneum, protects the body from trauma, and produces vitamin D?

B. Epidermis

According to the article "Physical Activity, Injurious Falls & Physical Function..." what level of evidence exists in determining the effects of flexibility activity, yoga, and qigong exercise on physical function in the general aging population?

B. Insufficient evidence

According to the article "Physical Activity, Injurious Falls & Physical Function..." which primary mode of physical activity has NOT been shown to reduce the risk of fall-related injuries and fractures among older adults:

B. Low-intensity walking

According to the article "Physical Activity, Injurious Falls & Physical Function..." which type of intervention is more effective in improving a broad range of functional outcomes in people with osteoporosis?

B. Multicomponent exercise

Which instruction/direction is NOT correct with regards to the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test?

Begin timing at the first sign of movement from the client

You are working in an assisted living facility with a resident named Dennis, who has begun complaining of straining to urinate, difficulty starting the urinary stream, and longer time necessary to urinate. Which of the following conditions do you most suspect in Dennis?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

This term describes the objective state of having experienced a loss. What is the correct term?

Bereavement

A gerontologist is conducting a study on the physiological factors that may contribute to longevity in older adults. In which area of gerontology is this scientist most likely working?

Biological aging

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding ovarian cancer?

Biopsy and blood tests can be used to diagnose ovarian cancer

As a nurse at a hospital, you are instructing an older patient with rheumatoid arthritis regarding her prescribed use of prednisone. Which of the following should you tell this patient regarding this medication? Select all that apply.

C. "Do not discontinue taking this medication abruptly; you must taper off gradually." D. "Side effects include nausea, gastric distress, and ulcers." E. "There is an increased incidence of osteoporosis when taking this medication."

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," how may days/week do the NIA guidelines say an older adult should perform strength training?

C. 2 days/week

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," which type of exercise training would you use to improve muscular endurance in your client?

C. A low-resistance and high-repetition exercise program

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," which of the following is an example of applying the overload principle to your client?

C. Adjusting the duration of the exercise

A resident at the assisted living facility where you work, Barbara, bruises easily and, when wounded, has a hard time stopping the bleeding. Which of the following medications that Barbara is currently taking would most likely cause these adverse effects?

C. Antiplatelet agent

As a social worker, one of your clients exhibits symptoms of fatty deposits around the face (moon face) and a trunk with thick arms and legs. As you talk with her, she confides in you that she has been experiencing sleep disturbances, weight gain, and water retention lately. Which condition would you most suspect in this client?

C. Cushing's syndrome

According to the article "Physical Activity, Injurious Falls & Physical Function..." what is a strong predictor of mortality risk in frail older adults?

C. Gait Speed

Phil is a man in his mid-60s who operates the newsstand down the street from where you live. Recently you've noticed that Phil's eyelids sag and that his speech is harder for you to understand than it used to be. Which of the following age-related conditions should you most suspect in Phil?

C. Myasthenia gravis

Which component of the conduction system of the heart is normally responsible for initiating the heart beat?

C. Sinoatrial (S-A) node

According to the " Age-Related Changes in Systems that Support Balance & Mobility " lecture, the primary role of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is to:

C. Stabilize the eyes when the head is moving

Your friend is stretching before going on a run and you notice that she can stretch her quadriceps muscles to an impressive degree. Which characteristic of skeletal muscle is your friend demonstrating?

C. Extensibility

Your next-door neighbor, Sarah, is 91 years old. Which of the following observations that you have made about Sarah are likely signs of lessened reserve capacity? Select all that apply.

C. When the temperature outside begins dropping in autumn, Sarah is prone to catching colds easily D. Even though her hearing is normal, it takes a long time for Sarah to understand what your are trying to say to her.

According to the "Masters Athlete" article, the masters athlete should have a multidisciplinary team. Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended provider types to make up the care team?

Cardiologist

Which alternative therapy focuses on using manual thrusts to correct musculoskeletal misalignments or subluxations, which contribute to a loss of homeostasis resulting in illness and nerve dysfunction?

Chiropractic

What is likely a key underlying mechanism that contributes both directly and indirectly to frailty?

Chronic inflammation

Which of the following is NOT one the cardiac risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Which of the following is NOT one of the important functions that skeletal muscle performs?

Contractility

Which of the following statements is NOT true with regards to homeostatic failure?

D. Homeostatic failure involves hyporesponsiveness in multiple glands with aging.

According to the article "Physical Activity, Injurious Falls & Physical Function..." what was the most frequently evaluated intervention that integrated functional exercise into daily activities?

D. LiFE Approach

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," which type of exercise training would you recommend if your client wants to improve their ability to stand up from a chair?

D. Resistance training for the lower body

Which of the following is considered the major digestive organ of the body, where the majority of absorption occurs and digestion is completed?

D. Small intestine

According to the article "Physical Activity, Injurious Falls & Physical Function..." what level of evidence exists to support the use of aerobic, muscle-strengthening & multicomponent physical activity to improve physical function in the general aging population?

D. Strong evidence

You are a personal trainer working with an older adult named Sue. Sue would like to "get her heart in better shape" so that she can avoid cardiovascular diseases, which are prevalent in her family history. She is in generallygood health. Which of the following exercises would be best for Sue, given her health goals?

D. Swimming

While visiting your grandmother in an assisted living facility, you notice that she repeatedly sticks out her tongue, smacks her lips, grimaces, and rocks back and forth in her chair. She has been taking an antipsychotic medication for many years. Which condition is she displaying symptoms of?

D. Tardive dyskinesia

According to the "Balance and Mobility Terminology" lecture, what is posture?

D. The biomechanical alignment of each body part as well as the orientation of the body to the environment

When it comes to the value of sports participation on older adults, why is the data so limited?

D. There are very few older athletes to study.

As a physical therapist, you are working with an older client, Melba, who has recently begun experiencing symptoms of fatigue, depression, weight gain, and cold intolerance. You should most suspect a disorder of which endocrine gland in Melba?

D. Thyroid gland

You are having lunch with your mother at her home one day when she tells you that she has started hearing a faint buzzing sound around the house lately. You listen closely but do not hear it. Which of the following age-related disorders is it most likely that your mother is experiencing?

D. Tinnitus

When you visit your grandmother, she often describes her own and her friends' health problems to you in great detail. Which of Peck's tasks of middle or older age best relates to this behavior?

D. Body transendence vs. body preoccupation

According to Erikson's stage theory of development, which of the following is the developmental crisis of late adulthood?

D. Ego integrity vs. despair

You are working with an older patient, Daniel, who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and has a moderately elevated blood glucose level. Which of the following courses of treatment do you anticipate for Daniel?

D. Focus on diet and exercise

Your grandfather, who is 79 years old, has gradually begun having trouble hearing people when speak when they speak to him, especially women. Based on your knowledge of age-related changes in hearing, which of the following is most likely the underlying cause of this change?

Degeneration of the spiral organ of Corti

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding "dementia" according to Part I of the lecture series?

Dementia is a specific disease

Which of the following are functions of the ovaries? Select all that apply.

Develop and release mature ova Produce estrogen Produce progesterone

According to the "Aging in the US" article, what would be an important next step for Public Health to embrace?

Develop competencies in healthy aging for schools of Public Health

Your grandmother, Lois, who lives with you has recently begun to complain of being hungry and thirsty all the time. You notice that she goes to the bathroom a lot and that she has lost quite a bit of weight. Based on her symptoms, what endocrine system disorder would you most suspect in your grandmother?

Diabetes mellitus

Your older neighbor is having trouble completing sequential activities like following a recipe, has forgotten several doctor and hair appointments and forgets her weekly church meeting. Which stage of Alzheimer's disease does this represent?

Early stage

The textbook describes three realistic goals in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following is NOT a realistic goal for this condition?

Effective pain management through extensive rest

Nerve endings in muscles, glands, and organs that act to produce change are which of the following?

Effectors

According to the Blue Zones video on Alzheimer's disease, if doctors could only say one thing about prevention of this disease, what would it be?

Exercise and move

Which of the following is NOT a sign of dehydration?

Extreme thirst

According to the "Aging in the US" article, which of the following is NOT one of the 3 core components of "successful aging"?

Fall prevention

According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, baseline values in middle-age predict future risks in function. Which of the following is NOT one of those risks mentioned?

Falls

According to the lecture, An Overview of Falls, what is the most common cause of traumatic brain injuries in older adults?

Falls

According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, current research has determined that physical activity can extend maximal lifespan.

False

According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, participation in exercise and physical activity always translates into improved physical functioning and enhances the performance of daily living activities.

False

Alzheimer's Disease accounts for 30-40% of all dementia cases.

False

Caregiving costs associated with Alzheimer's disease are considered to be part of "direct care" costs, which also include paid health care and long-term care

False

Which of the following nutritional recommendations is incorrect for older adults?

Fats should be 10 -15% of total calories

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," which type of exercise training would you recommend if your client is struggling to look over their shoulder while backing the car out of the drive?

Flexibility training

You are a health educator at a local senior center preparing to teach a class on how to prevent drug-food interactions. Which of the following recommendations would NOT be good advice to give to those in attendance?

For those who have trouble swallowing pills, try to take the medication with juice, soft drinks or coffee/tea.

According to the lecture, "Functional Health and Frailty," which of the following statements is NOT true with regards to frailty?

Frailty is only influenced by biological, psychological and clinical factors

You are educating a group of older women at a Senior Center Lunch & Learn on how to maintain healthy skin. Which of the following items would NOT be a correct tip?

Full-body bathing is fine every day of the week as long as warm water is used

What is the most common upper GI problem in adults?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

You are a nurse practitioner, and one of your patients mentions that she has begun taking an herb to reduce stress, fatigue, and exhaustion and enhance her learning and thinking. Which of the following herbs would you most suspect she is taking?

Ginseng

Urine formation and blood composition adjustment involve 3 processes. Which process listed below gets its force from blood pressure as water, glucose and amino acids pass through?

Glomerular filtration

This term describes the intrapersonal process that involves reactions, thoughts, feelings and behaviors to a loss. What is the correct term?

Grief

Why did Maria Shriver get involved in searching for a cure for Alzheimer's disease?

Her dad was diagnosed with the disease in 2003

According to the article: "Nutrition and Healthy Aging," which of the following is inversely associated with frailty risk?

Higher protein and monounsaturated fatty acid intake

According to the lecture, "Functional Health and Frailty," what are two good words to use for the whisper test?

Hot dog and railroad

Age-related endocrine pathologies are classified by their glandular activity. Which of the following classifications is NOT correct?

Hyper-reponsiveness of various glands

You are monitoring your hospitalized older adult patient. The past 24 hours she has been unusually lethargic and apathetic. Which category of delirium does this suggest?

Hypoactive delirium

Which part of the brain is the major visceral control center and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in blood pressure, heart rate, ad pupil size?

Hypothalamus

There are several risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF). If your grandfather has been taking digoxin and using anti-inflammatory drugs, which type of risk factor for CHF would this be considered?

Iatrogenic factor

Which theory of aging focuses on developmental changes that occur in the thymus gland?

Immunological theory

What is the first line of defense against invading substances?

Innate immunity

There is a consensus for what constitutes frailty even though no single definition has been agreed upon. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding frailty?

It is not reversible

With the aging process we see several functional changes in the kidneys. Which of the following is a result of the decline in glomerular filtration rate?

Less efficient removal of potentially toxic substances such as medications

You are a nurse working in a nursing home and caring for an older patient named Isabel, who experiences frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following age-related changes in the urinary system is most likely to contribute to Isabel's UTIs?

Loss of bladder tone and elasticity

Which of the following is probably the most common cause of delirium?

Medication

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding key characteristics of the developmental stage known as middle age?

Middle age is a time to evaluate one's life in order to perform a life review at this stage and assess if redirection is necessary.

Which of the following statements is NOT true with regards to water and body fluids in older age?

MyPlate recommends 10 or more servings of fluid a day

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is which of the following?

Neuron

According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, is there consensus and strong evidence regarding how much (frequency, duration) and what types of range of motion exercises (static vs. dynamic) are the safest and most effective for older adults?

No

Which of the following is NOT true regarding diverticulosis?

Pain usually presents in the left lower quadrant along with fever and abdominal tenderness.

Your great-aunt has had diabetes for years and now has kidney disease. These pathological conditions can increase your aunt's risk for congestive heart failure and would be classified as which type of risk factor?

Noncardiac factors

According to the article, "Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly," which of the following statements is TRUE with regards to older adults with activity limitations?

Older adults with activity limitations may not be able to derive primary or secondary prevention benefits from exercise

Of the ~47 gallons of fluid that the kidneys process daily, how much leaves the body as urine?

One percent

According to the "Masters Athlete" article, which statement below is NOT true?

Osteoarthritis is a contraindication to general exercise

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part 1," which of the following is NOT one of the most common chronic health conditions in older adults?

Osteoporosis

According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," there are 3 additional principles besides overload and specificity to consider when programming for older adults. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles?

Overexertion

According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," what is the most common complication from shingles?

PHN

According to Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs, which of the following represents the correct order of needs, progressing from the most basic, which must be met first, to the more advanced?

Physiological/survival, safety/security, belonging/affiliation, esteem, self-actualization

A resident of the nursing home in which you work seems to have trouble falling asleep at night. A disorder of which of the following glands or hormones secreted by the glands would best explain this condition?

Pineal gland

Which of the following are changes in sexual response that occur in older men, compared with younger? Select all that apply.

Plateau phase can be maintained longer. Excitement phase is longer. Less likely to experience an orgasm each time they engage in sexual intercourse.

Your grandfather has unintentionally lost more than 10 pounds in the past year and his level of physical activity is less than 383 Kcal/week. How would you classify his condition?

Prefrail stage

According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, what is the definition of ageing processes?

Processes that increase the vulnerability of subjects to the factors that eventually lead to death

Your grandfather is complaining that he is leaking large amounts of urine but that he doesn't have a sensation of urgency. Which type if incontinence does he likely have?

Reflex incontinence

Which of the following is an energy therapy?

Reiki

There are three key public health tools that can reduce the burden of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 tools mentioned in part IV of the lecture series?

Research

According to the "Masters Athlete" article, resistance training should be continued as athletes age. Which of the following is NOT a benefit from including strength training in a masters athlete's routine?

Resistance training may stop sarcopenia

Which of the following structures of the eye is the photosensitive tissue at the back of the eye that contains rods and cones, the sensory receptors of the eye?

Retina

Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disorder that may affect older adults as well as younger people?

Rheumatoid arthritis

Your older neighbor has inflammation around her nose and ears. It appears as a reddened area with loose greasy scales. What is her likely condition?

Seborrheic dermatitis

Your uncle has a wartlike lesion on his face that has a "stuck-on" appearance. Its appearance looks similar to malignant melanoma. What might this condition be?

Seborrheic keratosis

An older woman you meet when walking your dog in the park mentions that she was just diagnosed as having osteoporosis. Which of the following most accurately describes what occurs in this condition?

Severe bone loss due to resorption

According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," which of the following statements is TRUE regarding possible side effects of Shingrix?

Side effects may affect your ability to do normal daily activities for 2-3 days

The manager of the apartments where you live, Edith, is an older adult. You notice that her skin is especially rough, leathery, and wrinkled, with irregular pigmentation. In the summer during her off hours, she frequently lies out next to the pool. Which of the following conditions do you most suspect that Edith has?

Solar elastosis

You are a physical therapist who has just begun working with an older woman with a hearing impairment who is recovering from a hip fracture. Which of the following methods would NOT be an effective way to communicate with this client?

Speak very loudly to the client, shouting if necessary

While you are driving on the interstate, a tractor trailer suddenly moves into your lane and almost hits you. You have to slam on your brakes to avoid a wreck. Afterwards, your heart is racing and your muscles are tense. Which component of the nervous system is responsible for your reaction?

Sympathetic division

Which of the following is a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or muscle to muscle?

Tendon

According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, which of the following statements is NOT true:

The aging literature has reached a consensus as to when "old age" begins

You are a nurse working at a community health clinic. A patient of yours, Michelle, recently reached menopause. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of menopause?

The cessation of the menstrual cycle, achieved once 1 year has passed without menstruation

According to the "Aging in the US" article, what is the challenge that Public Health is facing given that people are living longer?

The challenge is to help people stay healthy and maintain a high quality of life at every age

According to the "Aging in the US" article, which of the following is NOT one of the three major factors listed as being responsible for creating lively discussion and debate about aging in the U.S.?

The current state of economic uncertainty and limited resources

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the structure of the endocrine system?

The endocrine glands secrete hormones through tubes or ducts

Which of the following best describes what occurs in internal respiration?

The exchange of oxygen from the blood and carbon dioxide from the tissue

According to the article: "Nutrition and Healthy Aging," a biomarker that shows your client is low in beta-carotene might lead you to conclude which of the following?

The person eats very few fruits and vegetables

There are several psychological factors responsible for the misuse of drugs by older adults. Select all that apply.

The person may have a low literacy level. Depression can result in less interest and motivation to take medications. Cognitive impairments influence the ability to take the correct drug at the correct time. Some older adults fear becoming addicted to drugs.

Your great-uncle, an older adult, seems to move very slowly when he is washing dishes after a family meal. When you talk to him he also seems slow to understand you. What age-related change below is NOT a likely factor that is affecting the transmission efficiency of his central nervous system.

There are changes in brain wave patterns that could be affecting transmission.

The textbook describes 3 potentially dangerous situations when the the kidneys stop functioning properly. Which of the following is NOT one of the three situations described?

There is decreased blood flow to the kidneys

ccording to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," which is NOT one of the ways mentioned that the exercise guidelines can help you?

They describe the latest fitness trends

The 30-Second Chair Stand test used in the STEADI program is used for what purpose?

To assess leg strength and endurance

According to the article: "Nutrition and Healthy Aging," vitamin D levels have been a hot topic the last several years. Which following statement is NOT true with regards to vitamin D research?

Those with lower levels of vitamin D are four times more likely to have a decline in their Mini-Mental Status Exam scores

Which structure of the immune system forms a ring of lymphatic tissues around the pharynx and removes pathogens entering the body through food or inhaled air?

Tonsils

According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, studies involving overweight middle-aged as well as older adults show no significant effect of aerobics exercise training on fat-free mass.

True

According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, it is possible for overweight middle-aged and older adults to reduce total body fat by engaging in moderate-intensity AET even without any dietary modifications.

True

According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, low-intensity weight bearing activities for periods up to 1 year may not have any effect on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.

True

You are a physician's assistant who is preparing to teach a class on prevention of respiratory disease at a local senior center. Which of the following is NOT a key recommendation that you would include?

Use antibiotics as a precautionary measure

Which of the following statements is NOT true with regards to age-related changes that can be modified by regular exercise?

Vigorous flexion exercises are recommended for those with osteoporosis

If an older adult presents with a lemon-yellow skin tint; a smooth, beefy red tongue; has anemia and appears to be suffering from depression, which vitamin deficiency is likely contributing to these symptoms?

Vitamin B-12 deficiency

In terms of nutrition, what food groups/vitamins would you advise your patient/client to eat to help with prevention and progression of macular degeneration?

Vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, zinc and green leafy vegetables

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons discussed in the lecture for studying masters athletes?

We can determine how to avoid disability in older adults

According to the "Aging in the US" article, how does research show that mobility and balance can be improved in adults aged 85 years and older?

With basic weight training exercises

According to the article, "Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly," aerobic exercise improved all of the following cognitive functions except for...

Working memory

Can a person be disabled but not frail?

Yes

As a physician, why might you overlook malnutrition when diagnosing an older adult patient? Select all that apply.

You lack knowledge to diagnose malnutrition and recognize those at risk You aren't aware of the best methods to manage individuals who have protein-energy malnutrition You are unaware that protein-energy malnutrition may be the first symptom of a treatable disease

Myocardial infarctions (MI) are not properly diagnosed 25 - 68% of the time, especially in older adults who don't display typical symptoms of a heart attack. Which of the following is NOT listed in your textbook as an atypical symptom in older adults experiencing an MI?

anxiety

According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, what is the evidence category indicating that lower-intensity RET does not improve muscular endurance?

c

You are a gerontologist providing the residents of an assisted living facility with nutritional guidelines on the prevention of colon cancer. Select all guidelines that apply:

increase fruit and vegetable intake Limit red meat Get the majority of carbohydrates from whole grains