5.6/5.7 Pabo

Which term describes a perceived barrier that may prevent qualified women from receiving promotions to top-level jobs?

"the glass ceiling"

mediation

A method of settling disputes outside of court by using the services of a neutral third party, called a mediator. The mediator acts as a communicating agent between the parties and suggests ways in which the parties can resolve their dispute.

Why did union membership rise in the 1930s?

Congress passed laws benefiting unions.

How might employers benefit from workplace safety laws?

Employers can offer lower wages because more employees will want to work in a safer environment.

Which law requires that men and women performing the same job receive the same pay?

Equal Pay Act of 1963

When would two sides in a labor dispute bring in a mediator?

If a strike continues for a long time and neither side can reach an agreement.

What generally happens to the equilibrium wage when demand for workers is low and supply is high?

It gets lower.

Why is the demand for labor called a derived demand?

It is set by the demand for another good or service.

Why do you think a business owner would want to move jobs to a country where labor is not unionized and cheap?

It would increase profits.

If an advertising business buys new computers for its employees, how might its productivity of labor be affected?

It would increase.

Why might a company lay off union workers who have successfully negotiated for higher wages?

The employer cannot afford the higher wages.

What determines the equilibrium wage of labor?

The supply of workers in a labor market meets the demand for workers.

How do right-to-work laws diminish union power?

Unions with fewer members have less influence over management.

In the 1800s, why was there a greater need for labor unions than there is now?

Workers worked longer hours.

right-to-law rights

a measure that bans mandatory union membership

Arbitration

a settlement technique in which a neutral third party listens to both sides and then imposes a decision that is legally binding for both the company and the union

Derived demmand

a type of demand that is set by the demand for another good or service

Which is an example of a semi-skilled laborer?

a worker in a food-processing plant

strike

an organized work stoppage intended to force an employer to address union demands

Glass Celling

an unofficial barrier that sometimes prevents some women and minorities from advancing to the top rank of organizations dominated by men

productivity of labor

is the quantity of output produced by a unit of labor.

Why has union membership fallen in manufacturing industries?

manufacturing companies have laid off union workers due to foreign competition.

Featherbedding,

negotiating labor contracts that keep unnecessary workers on the company payroll.

blue-collar-work

someone who performs manual labor, often in a manufacturing job, and who earns an hourly wage

white-collar worker

someone who works in a professional or clerical job and who usually earns a weekly salary

Which of the following is an explanation for the decline in union membership?

the passing of right-to-work laws

collective bagaining

the process in which union and company management meet to negotiate a new labor contract

Which of the following could be a reason a worker joins a labor union?

to improve working conditions

equilibrium wage

wage is the wage rate, or price of labor services, that is set when the supply of workers meets the demand for workers in the labor market.