5.7.6 Practice Questions Storage Management, 5.6.10 Storage Troubleshooting Practice Questions, 5.9.7 Practice Questions Disk Optimization, 5.8.5 Practice Questions Storage Spaces, 5.6.7 Practice Questions File System Creation

A portion of the hard disk that cannot be used.

Bad sector

Indicates that the disk is turned on and can be accessed and the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors.

Healthy

Shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk.

Initializing

Your computer currently runs Windows 10 Professional edition. You want to create a RAID 10 array using four newly-installed SATA disks. When you go to Disk Management, the option to create the RAID 10 array is not available. What should you do?

Install an add-on RAID controller. Explanation Windows 10 desktop operating systems support creating RAID 0 and RAID 1 arrays in Disk Management, but do not support configuring RAID 5 or RAID 10. To use RAID 10 on a client computer, you will need to use a RAID controller installed into an expansion slot or integrated into the motherboard.

A series of used clusters on the hard disk drive that are not associated with a specific file.

Lost clusters.

You have a DVD-ROM disc with no label and you want to know if it has any important files on it. You insert the DVD-ROM into your optical media drive, then you double-click the drive letter for the optical drive to see the contents of the disc. If the DVD-ROM is not a valid disc, which error message will you see?

No Media Explanation The No Media status shows for an optical or removable media drive that does not contain a valid disc. A Foreign disk is a dynamic disk that was created in one system and moved to another system. The Unreadable status indicates a hardware failure, I/O errors, or other corruption but might also be caused by a delay in reading the disk in Disk Management. The Missing status shows when a dynamic disk has failed.

You have a disk in your system that is displayed in the Disk Management utility as shown in the image below. The disk icon includes a red arrow that is pointing down. Which of the following would you expect to see in the space where the red outline is, as the status of this disk?

Not Initialized Explanation When Disk Management shows a disk icon that includes a red arrow that is pointing down, it indicates that the disk is Not Initialized. The disk status would say Initializing if the disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. A Foreign disk is a dynamic disk that was created in one system and moved to another system. The Unreadable status indicates a hardware failure, I/O errors, or other corruption but might also be caused by a delay in reading the disk in Disk Management.

Protects you from a single storage device failure

Two-way mirror

Requires at least two storage devices.

Two-way mirror

List the steps the user needs to follow to add more disk space to a Storage Space in Windows 10.

1. Install a new storage device to the system. 2. Add free space on that device to a storage pool. 3. Allocate space to an existing storage space.

One day while trying to start your Windows 10 system, you see the following error displayed: Could not read from the selected boot disk. Check boot path and disk hardware.

Boot into the recovery environment and run the bootrec/rebuildbcd command. Explanation This error message is generated when the system cannot find the partition specified in the BCD database where the operating system files are located. For example, the database might be pointing to the C: drive for the operating system files, but that drive does not exist. To fix this problem, boot into the recovery environment and then run the bootrec/rebuildbcd command to rebuild the boot loader database with a list of valid operating system locations. You will not be able to boot into Safe Mode because the operating system files have not yet been loaded. The fixmbr and bootcfg commands were used on older versions of Windows.

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities optimizes the performance of your hard drive by verifying the file system integrity of a hard disk and fixing the errors it detects?

Check Disk Explanation Check Disk is a utility that verifies the file system integrity of a hard disk. Check Disk detects disk integrity errors and fixes them. Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations on your hard drive into a single location. The more information that is on the drive the more time it will take to defragment the drive. Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.

Explanation

Check Disk detects disk integrity errors and fixes them. Errors that can be checked and fixed by Check Disk include: Lost clusters are a series of used clusters on the hard disk drive that are not associated with a specific file. A cross-linked file occurs when two files claim the same cluster. Check Disk will identify cross-linked files and correct their cluster associations. Orphaned files are files that exist on the hard drive but which are not associated with a directory in the index. Normally Check Disk can re-associate the file with the correct directory. A bad sector is a portion of the hard disk that cannot be used. Bad sectors are marked so that they are no longer used. Any used bad sectors are redirected to another sector.

Where is Disk Management located within Windows 7?

Computer Management Explanation Within Windows 7, Disk Management is found under Storage in Computer Management. Within Windows 10, Disk Management is found in the list of utilities that appear when you right-click the Start Menu.

Your computer has a single hard disk with a single volume used by the C: / drive. You have previously upgraded to disk to a dynamic disk. The disk has run out of disk space. You need to add more space to the C: / volume. You add a new hard disk to the computer. What should you do to add space to the C:/ drive?

Create a mount point using space on the second disk. Explanation A mount point is an empty folder on the existing volume that points to another partition. Data saved to the folder is physically saved on the referenced partition. Extending a volume adds space to the volume. Extending a volume using space on a different disk creates a spanned volume. You cannot extend the system volume using space on a second disk. A striped volume uses two equal portions on two disks. You can create a new striped volume, but you cannot stripe an existing volume.

Occurs when two files claim the same cluster.

Cross-linked file.

Windows 10 features a storage solution called Storage Spaces. What is the name of the Storage Spaces feature that allows to allocate space for redundant information using options that include two-way mirroring, three-way mirroring, and parity?

Data resiliency Explanation Storage spaces can include data resiliency. Choosing an option that provides resiliency requires you to allocate space for redundant information. The options for storage spaces data resiliency include: Simple, which does not provide redundancy. This option simply adds space from the storage pool to the storage space. When you select the Simple option, all of the data in the storage space is lost if one of the drives fails. Two-way mirror requires at least two storage devices. The data is written to two devices. Two-way mirror requires twice as such device space as the amount of storage allocated to the storage space. This option protects you from a single storage device failure. Three-way mirror requires at least five storage devices. The data is written to three storage devices. This option provides redundancy for the data if two storage devices fail at one time. Parity requires that you have at least three storage devices. This option uses parity information to reconstruct data if one of the storage devices fails. Parity uses less space for redundancy that the mirror options, but performance is not as good as the mirror options if a device failure occurs. Parity requires only 50 percent more redundancy space than storage space.

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities will locate and dispose of files that can be safely removed from the disk?

Disk Cleanup Explanation Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations on your hard drive into a single location. Check Disk is a utility that verifies the file system integrity of a hard disk. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining parts of files that are in different locations on your hard drive into a single location?

Disk Defragmenter Explanation Disk Defragmenter optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining fragments of files that are in different locations on your hard drive into a single location. The more information that is on the drive the more time it will take to defragment the drive. Disk Cleanup helps manage disks by locating and disposing of files that can be safely removed from the disk. Check Disk is a utility that verifies the file system integrity of a hard disk. Disk Management is a tool for viewing, modifying, and creating partitions.

You have physically installed a new hard disk drive in your computer and configured the disk in the BIOS using the CMOS setup program. You try to access the hard disk drive in Windows Explorer, but the drive is not displayed. Which utility will you most likely use to solve the problem?

Disk Management Explanation After physically installing a hard disk drive and configuring it in the CMOS, you need to partition the disk and format it with a file system using Disk Management. You can use the format command to format the disk, but it has to be partitioned first. The chkdsk command is used to scan the surface of a disk and locate bad sectors or other disk problems. The sfc command is used to verify the integrity of your Windows system files.

Which tool would you use to create and delete partitions on hard drives?

Disk Management Explanation Use Disk Management to view, modify, and create partitions. Use Device Manager to update drivers and manage device-specific settings. Use the Services console to start and stop processes that run in the background. Use Explorer to view the contents of a volume, or to format a drive.

You have a computer running Windows 10 Home and need to access the contents of a flash drive. The flash drive has been formatted with the exFAT file system. You want to read the flash drive on your computer as quickly as possible with the least amount of effort. What should you do?

Do nothing. Windows 10 can natively access ex FAT file systems. Explanation exFAT is supported in Windows Vista SP1 and later. While you can use convert exe to change the file system from FAT32 to NTFS you cannot change it from exFAT to FAT32.

Which disk types does Windows support?

Dynamic Basic Explanation Windows supports basic and dynamic disks. When you install Windows, your hard disks are automatically initialized as basic. You can convert them to dynamic disks after Windows is installed. You can use both basic and dynamic disks on the same computer system, but a volume consisting of multiple disks, such as a mirrored volume, must use only one type of disk. Primary and extended are terms that describe partition types on basic disks.

Lately you hear a clicking noise when reading or writing data from the hard disk. What is the most likely cause of the clicking?

Failing hard drive Explanation A clicking noise when reading or writing data from the hard disk is an early sign of a failing drive. As a precaution, you should move data from the drive as soon as possible in this case. An overheated CPU or bad power supply will cause a spontaneous reboot, not a clicking. A system notification would indicate whether there is a failed drive, as it would not allow reading or writing. A failed UPS (or failed battery in the UPS) would result in a complete loss of power to the computer if the outlet (or wall) power was lost.

You have four volumes on a basic hard disk. You convert the disk to dynamic. After the conversion, which of the following do you expect to see as the status of the fourth volume if it is valid and has no errors?

Healthy Explanation If a basic disk gets converted to dynamic, the status of all partitions on that disk would be changed to show just Healthy. There are no Primary or Logical partitions on a dynamic disk. A basic hard disk can only have 4 primary partitions. To get around this limitation on basic disks, the fourth partition is automatically configured as an extended partition that can hold logical drives. So, the fourth partition would show a status of Healthy (Logical Drive).

You have four volumes on a basic hard disk. Which of the following do you expect to see as the status of the fourth volume if it is valid and has no errors?

Healthy (Logical Drive) A basic hard disk can only 4 primary partitions. To get around this limitation on basic disks, the fourth partition is automatically configured as an extended partition that can hold logical drives. So, the fourth partition would show a status of Healthy (Logical Drive). The first three partitions would show a status of Healthy (Primary Partition). If the disk had been a dynamic disk the status would just be Healthy. If the disk gets converted from basic to dynamic, the status would be changed to show just Healthy.

You have just finished installing a new SATA hard disk in your computer. Now your SATA DVD drive won't work. What should you do first?

Make sure that the DVD SATA cable is connected. Make sure that the DVD power cable is connected. Explanation The first thing to check would be the simple and obvious things. Make sure that the cable connecting the DVD drive is secure. It is possible that during the installation of the hard disk that the cable might have come loose. All of the other choices would involve significantly more work. Master and Slave settings are not used on SATA devices. Moving the DVD drive to another system might make it start working, but you should verify the current configuration before trying that. Replacing the DVD drive should only be done after you verify that it is not working correctly.

You have just finished upgrading the 250 W power supply in your desktop computer to a 450 W power supply. Now the BIOS doesn't recognize one of the hard disk drives in the system during POST. What should you do?

Make sure that the hard disk is connected to the power supply. Explanation Because you have just made a system change, you should check items related to the change you have made. In this case, check to make sure that power connectors are plugged in.

You have just finished upgrading the power supply in your desktop computer. Now the hard disk will not work. What should you do first?

Make sure the power connectors on the hard disk are plugged in all of the way. Explanation Because you have just a made a system change, you should check items related to the change you have made. In this case, check to make sure that power connectors are plugged in.

Shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off.

Offline

You have a computer with a single hard disk configured as a basic disk with a single partition formatted with NTFS. The computer runs Windows 7 Enterprise. The disk has run out of space. You need to add space to the disk. You install a new hard drive and start Disk Management. Which of the following is a required task to add space to the existing volume?

On the new hard disk, create a new partition without a drive letter. Explanation Because this is the system volume, the only way to add space to the volume using space on the new disk is to create a mount point. A mount point is an empty folder on the existing volume that points to another partition. Data saved to the folder is physically saved on the referenced partition. To create a mount point: Create an empty folder on the existing volume. Create a partition on the new disk without a drive letter. Mount the partition to the empty folder on the existing volume. You cannot extend the volume to another disk because the volume is the system volume. You cannot extend the system volume even if it is on a dynamic disk. You can create mount points on basic or dynamic volumes.

Files that exist on the hard drive but which are not associated with a directory in the index.

Orphaned files.

Allows you to reconstruct data if one of the storage devices fails.

Parity

Requires that you have at least three storage devices.

Parity

On a Windows 10, using Storage Spaces eliminates the need for which of the following tasks?

Repartitioning drives. Resizing volumes. Explanation Storage spaces eliminates the need for such tasks as: Repartitioning drives. Resizing volumes. Backing up data in order to repartition.

Does not provide redundancy

Simple

On a Windows 10 workstation, you want to use the Storage Spaces feature to create a logical drive. Which of the following components are used to configure Storage Spaces?

Storage devices, which are physical drives such as SATA drives or external drives. Pools of storage, which are logically created from free space on storage devices. Storage spaces, which are logically defined units created from a pool of storage. Explanation Storage spaces are composed of three components: Devices are the hard disks or other types of storage from which storage pools are created. You can use a variety of devices such as SATA drives and external drives to create storage pools. Pools of storage are created from the available disk space. A pool is a logical concept composed of the free space available on the specified storage devices. Storage spaces define logical units of space created from a pool. One or more storage spaces can be created from the pool. To the Windows system and the user, storage spaces appear as disks with typical drive letters (e.g., E: drive, F: drive). Parity, thin provisioning, and data resiliency are benefits of Storage Spaces.

Explanation

Storage spaces can include data resiliency. Choosing an option that provides resiliency requires you to allocate space for redundant information. The options for storage spaces data resiliency include: Simple which does not provide redundancy. This option simply adds space from the storage pool to the storage space. When you select the Simple option, all of the data in the storage space is lost if one of the drives fails. Two-way mirror requires at least two storage devices. The data is written to two devices. Two-way mirror requires twice as much device space as the amount of storage allocated to the storage space. This option protects you from a single storage device failure. Three-way mirror requires at least five storage devices. The data is written to three storage devices. This option provides redundancy for the data if two storage devices fail at one time. Parity requires that you have at least three storage devices. This option uses parity information to reconstruct data if one of the storage devices fails. Parity uses less space for redundancy than the mirror options, but performance is not as good as the mirror options if a device failure occurs. Parity require only 50 percent more redundancy space than storage space.

A user reports that they are unable to access their Firewire drive after moving the PC from beneath the desk to the top of the desk. What is the most likely cause of this problem?

The Firewire cable is loose. Explanation In moving the computer, it is likely that one of the connectors on the Firewire cable came loose and is no longer properly seated. None of the other options would have been affected in just moving the computer. FireWire does not use IRQs for configuration. Simply moving the computer such a short distance would not require adding an external power supply if it wasn't needed before. Moving the computer does not change drivers used for devices.

Explanation

The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on and can be accessed. The volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Initializing process shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Missing status shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off.

Your system volume is running out of disk space. You need to extend the system volume to give it more space. Which of the following conditions must be met to extend the system volume?

The system volume must be formatted with NTFS. The disk must have contiguous free space on the same disk. Explanation The system volume can only be extended using contiguous free space on the same disk. This is the same for both basic and dynamic disks. Any volume can only be extended if it is unformatted or formatted with NTFS. The system volume can be on either a basic or dynamic disk. The system volume cannot be extended or spanned to non-contiguous space or to space on another disk.

Which of the following is a characteristic of extended partitions?

They are subdivided into logical drives. Explanation An extended partition is subdivided into logical drives. You cannot format an extended partition, you can only format the logical drives within the partition. You can have only a single extended partition per disk. The extended partition cannot be set as active, and therefore cannot be used to boot the computer. Use a primary partition to set the partition as active, boot the computer, or to create multiple partitions per disk.

Protects your data if two storage devices fail at one time.

Three-way mirror

Requires at least five storage devices

Three-way mirror

You have just finished installing Windows on a system that contains four physical hard disk. The installation process has created system volume and a C: volume on the first disk (Disk 0). The installation process also initialized the second disk (Disk 1) and the third disk (Disk 2) but did not create any volumes on these disks. Which of the following would you expect to see as the status of Disk 1 and Disk 2?

Unallocated Explanation A disk that has been initialized will show as Unallocated if no volumes have been created. The Healthy or Online status indicates that the disk is turned on and can be accessed. The volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. The Formatting status is shown for volumes during the formatting process. After formatting, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Initializing process shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy. The Unavailable status indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. The Unreadable status indicates a hardware failure, I/O errors, or other corruption but might also be caused by a delay in reading the disk in Disk Management.

Indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks.

Unavailable

Your computer currently uses a 5,400 RPM hard disk. You want to improve your computer's overall performance by optimizing your hard disk performance. Which of the following would be the most effective means for optimizing your hard disk performance?

Upgrade to a 10,000 RPM hard disk. Upgrade your hard disk interface to SATA 3. Explanation Upgrading to a 10,000 RPM hard disk and upgrading to a SATA 3 disk interface are the two most effective steps you can take to improve your computer's overall performance. The 7,200 RPM hard disk is not the fastest hard disk option. At 600 Mbps, the SATA 3 disk interface is twice as fast as the SATA 2 interface. Although hard disk drives are not capable of sending data at the full Mbps they can go faster than the SATA 2 interface allows. Implementing RAID 0 does improve hard disk performance, but it requires a minimum of two disks. Adding another hard disk while keeping your current 5,400 RPM disk would not improve your hard disk performance as much as upgrading to 10,000 RPM hard disk with a SATA 3 disk interface.

You want to combine storage space from two different hard disks into a single logical storage unit on your Windows computer. What should you do?

Use dynamic disks and a spanned volume. Explanation To use multiple disks in a single logical storage unit, upgrade all disks to dynamic disks. Create a spanned volume. A simple volume contains storage space from a single disk. Use basic disks to create primary and extended partitions. Partitions cannot include storage space from multiple disks.

Which of the following Windows command line utilities would you use to realign the file structure on the disk to optimize performance?

defrag Explanation Use the defrag command to place files in contiguous order on the disk and thus realign the file structure to optimize performance. Use chkdsk to search the system for lost allocation units and corrupted files. The fdisk utility can be used on older versions of Windows to create and delete partitions. You can use Disk Management to access the properties of a volume and then run the Defragmentation graphical utility from there.

After installing a new SSD drive in your system, you determine that TRIM functionality has not been enabled on the drive by the Windows operating system. You need to manually turn TRIM on. Given that the volume on the drive has been assigned to drive letter of E:, which command should you use at the command prompt to do this?

fsutil behaviour set DisableDeleteNotify 0 Explanation If it is disabled, you can manually enable TRIM on an SSD drive by entering fsutil behaviour set DisableDeleteNotify 0. The fsutil behaviour query DisableDeleteNotify can be used to detect whether TRIM is enabled, but it doesn't actually turn it on. The chk e: /R command will check the E: drive for bad sectors and try to recover readable data. The bootrec /rebuildbcd command is used to rebuild the boot configuration data.