6.1

Each of the following requires 12 carbon atoms. Which of the arrangements of carbon atoms has the greatest entropy?

12 molecules of carbon dioxide, CO2

Similar to a car, a human body is about ________ efficient in converting chemical energy to movement.

25%

Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Kinetic energy is like sitting at the top of a hill, and potential energy is like coasting down that hill on your bike. True or False?

False

The law of conservation of energy states that although the form of energy used remains the same, the total amount of energy changes.

False

A man wants to build a windmill to generate electricity. What type of energy is the man trying to take from the wind?

Kinetic NRG

You place a pot of water on the stove and turn the stove on. In a short period of time, the water begins to boil. What kind of energy are you giving to the pot of water?

Kinetic NRG

A ball is sitting on top of a shelf. What kind of energy is represented by the ball resting on the edge of the shelf?

Potential NRG

Which of the following represents an increase in entropy?

Smashing a drinking glass

How is it possible for living organisms to comply with the second law of thermodynamics?

Sunlight functions as an ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on Earth.

Where does the energy that life uses to combat entropy ultimately come from?

The sun

Some people restate the second law of thermodynamics this way: "When energy changes forms, some energy is always permanently lost." Why is this statement incorrect?

This statement implies that some NRG is destroyed

Energy is defined as the capacity to do work.

True

Which of the following does NOT have much potential energy?

a ball that has rolled downhill and stopped

Entropy is a tendency toward __________.

a decrease in order

Which of the following has the greatest amount of kinetic energy?

a moving car

In an isolated system, all of the following are true of the second law of thermodynamics EXCEPT

all chemical reactions release more energy than they consume.

Why is the first law of thermodynamics called "the law of conservation of energy"?

because the first law states that energy can't be created or destroyed

During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy to chemical energy. This is an example of

first law of thermodynamics

Energy that is not converted to useful energy is usually given off as

heat

Imagine a candy bar sitting on a table in front of you. Which specific types of energy are present in the candy bar?

heat, chemical, and positional energy

How is your body able to work against the effects of entropy?

proper nourishment

Entropy is a measure of an increase in

randomness

What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all forms of life on Earth?

solar energy

All of the following statements are true of the first law of thermodynamics EXCEPT

the amount of useful energy decreases