7.1 history

Battle of Tours

1. Battle in which Christian Frankish armies stoped invading Muslim armies in 732 A.D. 2. Franks led by Charles Martel; fighting to stop spread of Islam into Christian areas. 3. Since the Christians stopped this fight; it stopped the spread of Islam into Europe. This kept Europe mainly Christian in religion. If the Muslims were to win the battle, then the region might be mainly Islamic today.

Missi Dominici

1. Bureaucratic workers who were messengers of Charlemagne 2. Officials listened to townspeople and reported back to Charlemagne; administered the law; with feedback, Charlemagne could change empire. 3. These workers allowed for the empire to be improved due to suggestions from the public. Also, it could have gave citizens the feeling that they had a voice and were heard in the Holy Roman empire

Vikings

1. Farmers from Scandinavia. Were also expert sailors and raiders 2. Britain was main target due to proximity. Assimilated to many cultures. Most known for sacking and raiding of cities and towns 3. Were also traders and explorers; trading set about cultural diffusion in the north. Also, the Viking, using their exploration methods, were the real first one to discover North America, in which we live.

Franks

1. Germanic tribe that conquered present-day France and other areas in the 400s 2. Tribe was self-sufficient and provided for themselves. Were nomadic in nature; Clovis was a ruler 3. The Franks were important because it became the next empire after the fall of Rome. Also, Christianity spread throughout the empire because the large amount of Land the Franks controlled ruled with Christianity being the official religion.

Clovis

1. King of the Franks during 486 2. Ruled byFrankish law and preserved Legacy of Rome. Converted to Christianity to win support of Franks. 3. Clovish is important because he made the Franks into one of the most powerful groups in Western Europe. Furthermore; he helped preserve Roman legacy and thinking so it could still be used in future generations.

Charlemagne.

1. King of the Franks during 700s; grandson of Charles Martel. 2. Unified Western Europe under one ruler and empire; was given title of Holy Roman Emperor; focused on education 3. Charlemagne was important because he was able to unify the Western Europe during his reign. Also, he put in the Palace School at Aachen to promote learning. Set up strong effective government and blended Germanic, Roman, and Christian cultures.

Aachen

1. Place where Charlemagne's court was 2. Where the Palace School created by Alcuin of York was; at school there was a revival of education in curriculum like rhetoric and logic. 3. The Palace School provided a bright spot for education during the Dark Ages. This was where a "revival" of learning and education first started.

Treaty of Verdun

1. Treaty declaring that Holy Roman empire is split between grandsons of Charlemagne 2. Signed by grandson of Charlemagne in 843. Allowed for major powers to emerge. Split empire into 3 separate regions. 3. The treaty divided the empire into the modern day countries of Germany and France. This started the presence of these two countries that are still around in our modern society.

Pope Leo III

1.Pope who named Charlemagne Holy Roman emperor. 2. Rewarded Charlemagne for help with rebellious nobles by providing soldiers. Outraged Eastern Europe 3. Revived ideal of Christendom, or a Christian community by proclaiming Charlemagne emperor. Was start of struggles between popes and German tribes.