7.1 The Kidney: Function, Anatomy, the Nephron and Glomerulus

The primary function of the kidney is regulation of the body fluid composition. True False

True

Put in order the structures that filtrate passes to become urine and the pathway out of the body. -renal corpuscle, distal convoluted tubule, nephron, collecting duct, calyces, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, internal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter, urethral orifice -renal artery, peritubular capillaries, renal corpuscle, nephron, Bowman's capsule, renal pelvis, urinary bladder, external urethral sphincter -glomerulus, fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, viscer

afferent arteriole, glomerulus, basement membrane, Bowman's capsule, nephron, collecting duct, calyces, ureter, bladder, urethral sphincters, urethral orifice

Which of the following is (are) true of the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule? This layer is where podocytes are found which help with filtration This layer is located in the renal corpuscle This layer lies against glomerular capillaries This layer keeps proteins and cells from passing into the filtrate all of the above

all of the above

The skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the trigone. lamina propria. external urinary sphincter. internal urinary sphincter. involuntary portion of bladder control.

external urinary sphincter.

The primary filter to exclude proteins from the filtrate is the glomerular basement membrane capillary fenestrae parietal layer of the capsule slit diaphragm

glomerular basement membrane

Fenestrae and negatively-charged glycoproteins are part of which specific structure? renal corpuscle Bowman's capsule glomerulus nephron podocyte

glomerulus

The _____________ is a capillary network that produces a plasma filtrate that enters the urinary tubules. vasa recta peritubular capillary glomerulus interlobar capillary

glomerulus

A podocyte is a specialized cell that is part of the papillary duct is a cell that makes up part of the Bowman's capsule is part of the loop of Henle is a cell which functions as a capillary

is a cell that makes up part of the Bowman's capsule

The Bowman's capsule is part of the renal capsule is the basic functional unit of the kidney is where the glomerulus resides all of the above

is where the glomerulus resides

The _______________ nephrons play an important role in producing concentrated urine. juxtamedullary cortical pelvic calical

juxtamedullary

The process of urination is called deglutition micturition incontinence glomerular filtration

micturition

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the renal corpuscle Bowman's capsule glomerulus nephron podocyte

nephron

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of gravity. a pressure gradient. a concentration gradient. peristaltic contractions. osmotic gradient.

peristaltic contractions.

Which of these is not a general function of the kidneys? regulation of blood volume regulation of solute concentration in the blood regulation of the pH of the extracellular fluid regulation of vitamin A synthesis regulation of red blood cell synthesis

regulation of vitamin A synthesis

The _____________ is a capillary network that travels alongside the nephron to allow for reabsorption and secretion between the blood and the nephron. vasa recta efferent arterioles peritubular capillary interlobar capillary A & C all of the above

A & C

Which of the following statements about the filtration membrane is/are true: The basement membrane is effective at preventing protein filtration 80% of the plasma entering the glomerulus is filtered Fenestrated endothelial cells allow passage of all materials including cells A major driving force favoring filtration is colloidal pressure in the glomerular capillaries

The basement membrane is effective at preventing protein filtration

How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys receive? 1% - 5% 11% - 14% 19% - 21% 30% - 35% 40% - 45%

19% - 21%

Given these structures: (1) major calyx; (2) minor calyx; (3) renal papilla; (4) renal pelvis. Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in order as urine leaves the collecting duct and travels to the ureter.

3,2,1,4

The filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule through which structure? renal corpuscle Bowman's capsule glomerulus nephron podocyte

Bowman's capsule

Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures? distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule loop of Henle, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule