722 part II
False
Unlike opiates, steroids do not have distinct withdrawal symptoms. (T/F)
True
Using a needle continuously to inject drugs in the same blood vessels traumatizes them, causing them to become unusable for injection. (T/F)
Water
When drinking the same amount of alcohol, women have higher blood alcohol concentrations than men because women have less of which of the following in their bodies:
True
When smoking cessation is part of a drug treatment program, the chances of recovery from alcohol and other drug addiction greatly increase. (T/F)
False
When someone uses an addictive drug, the new brain usually dominates its influence over ones behaviors. (T/F)
A
Which condition found in a drug addict is not found in a compulsive gambler? A. tissue dependence B. withdrawal C. tolerance D. denial
C
Which form and method of using cocaine produces the most intense immediate high? A. chewing pure coca leaves B. snorting powdered cocaine C. smoking crack cocaine D. ingestion of cocaine in a beverage
A
Which of the following are functions of the old brain? #1. basic emotions (anger, fear, hunger, lust) #2. imprinting of survival memories #3. regulating respiration, heartbeat, and body temperature #4. planning and mapping A. functions 1, 2, and 3 only B. functions 1, 3, and 4 only C. functions 2, 3, and 4 only D. functions 1, 2, 3, and 4
D
Which of the following are physical reactions to stimulant use? #1. tachycardia #2. weight loss #3. blood vessel constriction #4. elevated blood pressure A. reactions 1 and 2 only B. reactions 2 and 3 only C. reactions 1, 2, and 3 only D. reactions 1, 2, 3, and 4
D
Which statement is true regarding intravenous drug use? A. Intravenous drug use is the fastest route of administration to the brain. B. Intravenous drug users account for the majority of people in addiction treatment. C. Only drugs that are originally in liquid form can be injected. D. Intravenous drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the body's natural defenses.
Brain
"Intoxicated" refers to alcohol's effect on the:
True
A heavy drinker may function better than a less experienced drinker because the heavy drinker has developed a tolerance for alcohol. (T/F)
True
Acute withdrawal from heroin is not as life-threatening as acute withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics. (T/F)
False
Addiction to and withdrawal from benzodiazepines is not generally severe. (T/F)
A
Addictive behaviors: A. Alter brain chemistry similar to the ways psychoactive drugs do B. Are not affected by the environment C. Are a sign of weakness D. Are 100% psychological
4 hours
After 4 drinks in 1 hour, all traces of alcohol will be gone in:
A
Among inhalants, the most toxic are: A. Volatile solvents B. Inhalants aren't toxic C. Nitrous oxide D. Amyl, butyl and isobutyl nitrites
True
An individual would still be legally drunk 6 hours after consuming 10 drinks in the span of one hour. (T/F)
True
Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics generally have a higher margin of overdose safety than other drugs in this depressant category. (T/F)
B
Consuming alcohol when using cocaine results in which of the following? A. the zero sum effect because they cancel each other out B. prolonging the effects of cocaine C. a reduction in the time the effects of cocaine last D. a reduction in cardiovascular risks the day after cocaine use
False
Depressants affect the central nervous system by elevating the user's blood pressure, pulse, heart rate, and respiration. (T/F)
True
Drugs work by influencing existing neurotransmitters, existing neurological pathways, and receptor sites in the central nervous system, including the addiction pathway. (T/F)
1937
Marijuana has been illegal in the United States since:
Cardiovascular System
On which part of the body does long-term use of stimulants (e.g., nicotine, cocaine, and methamphetamine) have the most significant impact?
True
One of the symptoms of chronic opiate use is itchy skin. (T/F)
True
One reason why abusing pressurized inhalants is dangerous is because inhaling them directly from their containers can freeze lung tissue. (T/F)
Alcohol and Nicotine
The American drugs of choice are:
D
The compulsion to use cocaine is due to which of the following? #1. hereditary predisposition #2. altered brain chemistry #3. craving for the high #4. desire to avoid the crash A. options 1 and 2 only B. options 2 and 3 only C. options 1, 2, and 4 only D. options 1, 2, 3, and 4
Dopamine
The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is:
False
The most rapid route of administering a drug to reach the brain is intravenously. (T/F)
True
There is increasing evidence that the use of some psychedelic drugs under medically monitored conditions may effectively treat some addictions. (T/F)
D
Three friends go out for a drink. Fred has a mixed drink with 82-proof whiskey in it. Sam has a 4-ounce glass of red wine. Dave has a 12-ounce can of light beer. Who will take the longest to metabolize his drink? A. Fred B. Sam C. Dave D. Fred, Sam, and Dave will all take the same amount of time
Allostasis
When the human body is continually challenged by the use of drugs that alter the body,s natural balance, a "new normal" is created, known as:
C
Which chemicals are most responsible for the psychedelic effects of magic mushrooms? A. ibogaine and mescaline B. ibotenic acid and muscimol C. psilocin and psilocybin D. PCP and dimethyltryptamine
D
Which of the following describes changes in the brain of a person who is addicted to alcohol or other drugs? #1. The reward/control circuits of the addiction pathway are hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse. #2. The "go" circuit becomes overactive and drives compulsive substance use. #3. The "stop" circuit does not function properly and is overridden by the "go" switch. #4. Drug cravings hijack survival mechanisms in the old brain and override rational actions of the new brain. A. statements 1, 2, and 3 only B. statements 1, 3, and 4 only C. statements 2, 3, and 4 only D. statements 1, 2, 3, and 4
C
How long can withdrawal symptoms following detoxification and abstinence from long-acting opioids such as methadone persist? A. for a few hours B. for the first 24 to 48 hours after detoxification C. for 14 days or more after detoxification D. for three to six months or longer after detoxification
True
Human beings have naturally occurring (endogenous) opioids, which cause many of the same effects as those caused by taking opioid drugs (exogenous opioids). (T/F)
3 to 6 weeks
Marijuana in the urine of a regular user is detectable for:
False
Needing a dose of a drug just to feel "normal" is a sign of tolerance. (T/F)
True
Of all the stimulants, the strongest physical and mental dependency develops from nicotine in tobacco. (T/F)
True
Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream. (T/F)
True
Stimulant drugs including cocaine and methamphetamine force the release of dopamine. This surge of dopamine causes paranoia and hyper-reactivity. (T/F)
True
Susceptibility to blackouts and brownouts is also a marker for susceptibility to alcoholism. (T/F)
True
Synesthesia is defined as the crossing of senses, such as when visual input becomes sound. (T/F)
E
The following is NOT considered a process/behavioral addiction: A. Compulsive Shopping B. Eating Disorders C. Sexual Addictions D. Internet/Technology Addictions E. ADHD F. Gambling
True
Tolerance to LSD develops quickly, within days of daily use. (T/F)
B
Which of the following correctly lists the three major classes of depressants? A. liquor, heroin, barbiturates B. alcohol, opiates, sedative-hypnotics C. opiates, opioids, heroin D. sedatives, hypnotics, alcohol
True
A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. (T/F)
False - These are characteristics of alcohol addiction
Alcohol abuse is defined as a compulsion to drink alcohol and an inability to stop drinking once you start. (T/F)
Cannabis Resin
Hashish is made from:
decreasing | decreased
High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing.
Painful stimuli
Hyperalgesia is a temporary increase in the sensitivity to ____________ that is experienced during the long-term use of opiates/opioids used to treat pain.
True
Major alcohol withdrawal symptoms can develop within as short time as 7 consecutive weeks of heavy drinking. (T/F)
False
Marijuana is not addictive and does not induce compulsive use. (T/F)
False
Methamphetamine and cocaine are the most widely used stimulant drugs in the world. (T/F)
A
Misperceiving a rope as a threatening snake under the influence of a psychedelic drug would be an example of:
D
Naltrexone is prescribed for which of the following uses? #1. to break the cycle of addiction to opioids and prevent relapse #2. to break the addiction to alcohol and reduce alcoholic cravings #3. to break the cycle of cocaine addiction and reduce cravings for cocaine #4. to support smoking cessation and break nicotine addiction A. uses 1, 3, and 4 only B. uses 1, 2, and 3 only C. uses 2, 3, and 4 only D. uses 1, 2, 3, and 4
C
Prolonged use of strong stimulants (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine) results in which of the following? #1. depletion of the body's energy resources #2. enhancement of the body's energy resources #3. cellular and organ damage #4. paranoia A. results 1 and 4 only B. results 2, 3, and 4 only C. results 1, 3, and 4 only D. results 2 and 3 only
D
Psychoactive drugs have which of the following effects on the nervous system? #1. alter information sent to the brain from the environment #2. disrupt messages sent from the CNS to parts of the body #3. disrupt thinking #4. alter the way in which neurotransmitters normally function A. effects 1, 2, and 3 only B. effects 1, 3, and 4 only C. effects 2, 3, and 4 only D. effects 1, 2, 3, and 4
C
The following symptoms are indicative of what alcohol-related condition(s)? Symptoms: rapid pulse, sweating, increased body temperature, hand tremors, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and nausea or vomiting A. moderate alcohol withdrawal B. hangover C. both A and B D. neither A nor B; these are symptoms of severe withdrawal
True
The high occurrence of ADHD among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse disorders is in part attributed to their use of drugs to self-medicate ADHD symptoms. (T/F)
True
Tolerance to one type of depressant, such as alcohol, can lead to the development of cross-tolerance for another depressant, such as benzodiazepines. (T/F)
Alcohol dehydrogenase; stomach; liver
A key enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is ______ and is located in the ______ and the ______.
True
The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and the brain. (T/F)
C
Which of the following physical and chemical changes in the body are signs that indicate addiction to alcohol or other drug? #1. The user develops tolerance and needs more of the drug to feel an effect. #2. The user develops intolerance. #3. The user develops tissue dependence and needs to use the drug just to feel normal. #4. After not using the drug for a period of time, the person experiences withdrawal symptoms. A. statements 1 and 2 only B. statements 3 and 4 only C. statements 1, 3, and 4 only D. statements 2, 3, and 4 only
B
Which of the following would speed up the absorption rate of alcohol? A. eating before or while drinking B. drinking on an empty stomach C. diluting an alcoholic drink with water or ice or alternating every other drink with water or soda D. drinking over an extended period of time
True
Although alcohol is absorbed at different rates, metabolism occurs at a relatively defined continuous rate. (T/F)
C
The illicit manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine in the United States today is due to the involvement of A. biker gangs like the Hell's Angels B. renegade pharmaceutical and industrial chemists C. Mexican gangs and drug cartels D. Colombian cartels
True
The inability to resist an impulse that is originally pleasurable but ends up becoming harmful is called an impulse-control disorder. (T/F)
False
The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect. (T/F)
True
Historically, most drug laws were made for political rather than medical considerations. (T/F)
Women have lower levels of a particular stomach enzyme
When drinking the same amount of alcohol, women have higher blood alcohol levels than men because:
E
Marijuana withdrawal has been associated with which of the following symptoms? A. Inability to concentrate and marijuana cravings B. Chills, aches and sweating C. Sleep disturbances and slight tremors D. Decreased appetite and stomach pain E. All of the above
False
Most sedative-hypnotics are from natural sources. (T/F)
C
Of the following, which is least affected by moderate amounts of alcohol? A. brain B. liver C. heart and lungs D. intestinal system
A heavy drinker
Two people have the same blood alcohol concentration. The one showing less impairment is likely to be:
True
When other depressants are used, the danger of overdose is greatly increased because metabolism of alcohol takes precedence over metabolism of other substances. (T/F)
A
Which of the following are signs of addiction? A. There is continued use despite experiencing physical or psychological problems and consequences. B. The substance is used two or more times per week. C. A behavioral addiction is engaged in three or more times per week. D. Use of the substance or engaging in the behavior results in the desired effects.
C
Binge drinking causes the most problems and is defined as A. five or more drinks for men at one sitting B. four or more for women at one sitting C. both A and B D. neither A nor B
Amygdala
The emotional center of the brain that is activated when a person with an addiction sees a person, place, or thing that reminds him of their addiction (e.g., needle, slot machine, white powder) is called the:
True
The historical and moral conflict between doing what an individual wants to do (primal urges) versus what he should do (common sense, reason) is mirrored in the conflict that arises between the old brain and the new brain when addictive drugs and behaviors are involved. (T/F)
False
The more active you are, the more quickly you will metabolize alcohol. (T/F)
B
. The synergistic effect of drugs refers to A. the hallucinations produced by psychedelics B. the combination of two or more depressant drugs, which magnifies their effect on the CNS C. the canceling effect that occurs when you take two or more drugs (e.g., one upper and one downer) D. the length of time a drug is detectable in urine
True
Blackouts are caused by an alcohol-induced electrochemical disruption of the brain. (T/F)
True
Death from depressants (e.g. opioids) overdose usually involves severe respiratory depression. (T/F)
True
Heroin was first developed to be a non-addictive medical alternative to morphine.(T/F)
True
Most alcohol is removed from the body through metabolism (T/F)
True
The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitter's function. (T/F)
True
The refinement of carbohydrates has resulted in the same types of effects on obesity that the refinement of cocaine has had on cocaine addiction. (T/F)
True
The sense of relaxation and well-being that smokers receive from a cigarette is actually the sensation of the withdrawal symptoms being subdued. (T/F)
True
Treatment for addiction to opiates requires a physiological and psychological process. (T/F)
C
Which of the following statements is true regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system? #1. It prevents the development of addictive behavior. #2. It releases a surge of pleasure that encourages repetition of behaviors intended primarily for survival. #3. It is largely responsible for drives to have sex, eat, and drink (water as well as alcohol). #4. It is activated by dopamine. A. statements 1, 3, and 4 only B. statements 2 and 3 only C. statements 2, 3, and 4 only D. statements 1 and 2 only
D
Which statement is true about cell phone use? A. Nomophobia is the fear of being without one's cell phone. B.Texting while driving is considered six times more dangerous than driving drunk. C. Some people measure their self-esteem by the activity of their cell phone. D. All of the above.
Absorption
Alcohol makes its way into the bloodstream via:
True
Allodynia is a painful response to a normally pain-free stimulus, often as a result of long-term opiate/opioid use. (T/F)
A
Which of the following drugs is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose? A. naloxone B. tramadol C. amphetamine D. methamphetamine
A
Which of the following is the correctly ordered progression for levels of alcohol use? A. abstention, experimentation, social/recreational, habituation, abuse, addiction B. experimentation, social/recreational, abuse, habituation, alcoholism C. abstention, experimentation, social/recreational, abuse, addiction D. experimentation, abstention, social/recreational, abuse, alcoholism
B
Which of the following statements is true about cirrhosis? A. It is easily treated by medication and reversed with abstinence. B. It is caused by the toxic effects of alcohol, free radicals, and acetaldehyde. C. It is most prevalent among women. D. all of the above
B
Which statement is true about compulsive behaviors? A. Compulsive behaviors are triggered by stress, not genetic predisposition as in drug addiction B. The reasons for compulsive behaviors are identical to those for compulsive drug use C. Behavioral addictions are easier to overcome than drug addictions D. Childhood abuse has no impact on behavioral addictions, unlike drug addictions
C
Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drug's effects. Considering this fact, which of the following symptoms would be expected from opiate withdrawal? #1. bone, joint, and muscular pain #2. insomnia and anxiety #3. high blood pressure, rapid pulse, and tachycardia #4. pinpoint pupils A. symptoms 1, 3, and 4 only B. symptoms 2 and 3 only C. symptoms 1, 2, and 3 only D. symptoms 1 and 2 only