7B homework

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?

Elongated spinous process

Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra.

body The disk shaped bodies of vertebrae are stable and stackable. Most weight is distributed in this region.

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

sacral

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?

scoliosis

Which of the following is correctly matched? scoliosis; abnormal lateral curvature kyphosis; accentuated lumbar curvature lordosis; rupture of the anulus fibrosus herniated disc; dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature

scoliosis; abnormal lateral curvature

Which of the following is not a movement that can occur between vertebrae?

supination

What part of this vertebra is indicated by the letter B?

transverse process

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

true

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

true

The vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments.

true

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

true

Name the bone feature identified by the letter D.

vertebral foramen

identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Occipital bone - atlas

To what region of the vertebral column does this vertebra belong?

thoracic

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?

the lumbar region

What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs?

to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine

How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from the other vertebrae?

The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

Thoracic

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

Transverse process. The transverse processes of a vertebra project laterally from the junction of the lamina and pedicle

Which vertebra does not have a body? - last lumbar - axis - atlas - last cervical

atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

atlas-axis

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________.

costal facets

All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina.

false

Lordosis only occurs in pregnant women.

false

The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

false

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

false

Which of the following is the normal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?

lordosis

Which vertebrae would you expect to have the largest body, relative to the other regions?

lumbar

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? -lumbar vertebrae; bifid spinous processes -thoracic vertebrae; transverse foramen -thoracic vertebrae; triangular vertebral foramen -cervical vertebrae; rib facets -lumbar vertebrae; short, flat spinous processes

lumbar vertebrae; short, flat spinous processes

During late pregnancy, women may exhibit temporary lordosis. This is advantageous because temporary lordosis _________.

makes it easier for a woman to maintain her balance

label vertebrae structures

pg. 220

label superior and inferior view of atlas (C1)

pg. 221

Label the cervical vertebrae

pg. 222

Label the lumbar vertebrae

pg. 222

Label the thoracic vertebrae

pg. 222

label posterior view of sacrum and coccyx

pg. 224

Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to ________.

prevent hyperextension of the spine

Which of these curvatures on the spine are NOT present at birth but develop later?

A and C The entire spine is posteriorly convex at birth. The cervical and lumbar areas develop their posteriorly concave shape later.

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Atlas The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

Axis C2 is known as the axis. It has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".

Pregnant women may experience an exaggerated lordosis, or swayback. Which curvature is affected during pregnancy?

C A diagnosis of lordosis (know as hyperlordosis when it becomes excessive) is based on an exaggerated lumbar curvature.

1. : These bones have the thickest body (centrum) with short blunt spinous processes. 2. : The fused rudimentary tailbone. 3. : The bone that articulates with the occipital condyles. 4. : These bones have articular facets for the ribs. 5. : Allows the head to nod "yes." 6. : Allows the head to shake "no."

1. Lumbar vertebrae 2. Coccyx 3. Atlas 4. Thoracic vertebrae 5. Atlas 6. Axis

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

How many lumbar vertebrae are there in a typical adult skeleton?

5 A typical adult skeleton has 5 lumbar vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 7 cervical vertebrae.

Which letter represents the cervical curvature?

A The cervical curvature includes the first seven vertebrae and is posteriorly concave.

Sam is an accountant who is especially busy during tax season. By the end of each day he complains of shoulder stiffness and tightness, as well as some upper back pain. What might be Sam's problem, and how could he prevent the discomfort?

Incorrect posture when sitting at a desk can result in kyphosis. Sam needs to practice good posture and/or invest in an ergonomic chair to help him maintain the proper thoracic vertebral curve.

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

Inferior articular processes The inferior articular processes contact the superior articular process of the vertebra below it, forming a moveable synovial joint.

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?

Intervertebral discs The intervertebral discs are located in between the vertebral bodies. They form a symphysis with the bodies and act as a shock absorber.

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital condyles

Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane.

Spinous process The spinous process extends posteriorly in a median plane. It serves as a site of muscle and ligament attachment.

If a herniated disc in the lumbar region is treated by surgically removing the intervertebral disc and doing a bone graft between the adjoining vertebrae, one of the consequences might be _________.

reduced flexibility of the spine in the lower back The intervertebral disc and space that it occupies provides room for vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae to flex and extend the vertebral column (spine).