7th grade SS Chapter 34 The Scientific Revolution

What impact did the scientific revolution?

It marked a major shift in how people thought about the natural world.

How did Newton's work support the earlier work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo?

It offered a mathmaticall/scientific explanation for what earlier scientists had observed but could not explain.

What was Copernicus's theory about the sun and planets? How was it different from what people believed before?

He believed that the sun was the center of the universe. At that time it was commonly believed that the earth was the center.

How did Galileo further the revolution?

His discoveries supported Copernican's heliocentric theory.

How did scientists like Descartes and Newton explain that science could coexist with traditional religious beliefs?

They used science to help explain the world God had made.

What was the basic idea behind Newton's law of gravity?

All physical objects had a force of attraction between them.

How did the work of Copernicus lead to a new view of the universe?

It introduced a heliocentric (sun at the center) theory about the universe vs. the Bible driven belief of a geocentric (earth at the center) universe.

How did Kepler and Galileo improve upon Copernicus's theory?

Kepler identified the orbits of the planets were ellipses (ovals) not circluar as Copernicus had thought. Galileo used a telescope to apply his understanding of motion and further validate Copernicus's heliocentric theory. His observations of Venus helped confirm it.

What were some key scientific tools developed during the Scientific Revolution?

Microscope, barometer, thermometer, telescope.

What factors helped bring about the Scientific Revolution?

People questioned traditional learning and observed nature for themselves. Translations of classical texts exposed scholars to new ideas,. Discoveries by explorers showed that accepted ideas could be wrong.

What were some of the important discoveries Galileo made with his telescope?

The moon's surface was rough and uneven. Moon's orbitting Jupiter. Venus had phases.

When did the scientific revolution begin?

When Copernicus proposed the idea that Earth and the other planets traveled around the sun.

Who helped shape the scientific method?

Bacon and Descartes.

How did Kepler further the revolution?

By correctly describing the planets' orbits

What are the steps of the scientific method?

1)State a question or problem 2)Form a hypothesis 3)Design and conduct an experiment the test the hypothesis 4)Measure the results of the test 5)Analyze the results to determine if the hypothesis is correct

Outline the steps of the scientific method. Why do modern scientists still use this method today?

1)State a question or problem 2)Form a hypothesis 3)Design and conduct an experiment the test the hypothesis 4)Measure the results of the test 5)Analyze the results to determine if the hypothesis is correct This method is still used today because it allows one scientist to repeat or compare tests under consistant techniques.

How did Newton further the revolution?

His law of gravity explained by planets orbited the sun and that the same laws applied everywhere in the universe.

Why do you think church leaders felt so threatened by Galileo's support of the heliocentric theory?

If a major teaching (like the earth being the center of the universe) could be disproved then any teaching from the church could be challenged.

What key inventions were made during the Scientific Revolution? How did these inventions increase scientists' understanding of nature?

Telescopes, microscopes, barometers and thermometers were all inventions of the scientific revolution. They allowed scientist to see everything from bacteria to plants and to measure everything from pressure to temperature. These tools provided scientific explanations for previous observations.

Why do you think most people were unwilling to believe Copernicus's theory?

The Bible stated that the earth was the center of the universe and if this truth was wrong people could cast doubt on other teachings of the church.

What were Newton's contributions to the Scientific Revolution?

The law of gravity was his main contribution. Main scientists had observed planets moving around the sun but this theory finally explained why.

How did Galileo's discoveries help support the heliocentric theory?

The showed that not only could planets orbit the sun but that moons can orbit planets.