8:, 7: body weight & body composition, Fitness, 5: Nutrition, 4: Sleep, 3: Mental Health and Stress, 2: Infectious Diseases, 1: Self, Family, Community
*Over the course of a night, an individual cycles back and forth between REM sleep and NREM sleep. T F
T
Adults who sleep less than seven hours a night are at higher risk for obesity than those who sleep seven to eight hours. T F
T
Sleeping one hour less than your body needs each night for a week feels to your body like staying up all night. T F
T
There is a direct link between ______ and cardiovascular disease.
poverty
Of our 23 chromosome pairs, 22 are the same for women and men. true false
true
Over the last few decades, asthma rates have been ______.
increasing
__________ fitness, in general, is the ability of the body to respond to the physical demands placed upon it.
physical
Which of the following are recommended for controlling hypertension? increasing salt intake physical activity moderating alcohol intake weight reduction
physical activity moderating alcohol intake weight reduction
Gestational diabetes only affects ______.
pregnant women
The body uses which of the following to build and maintain muscles and other body tissues? protein fat water fiber
protei
Because it usually has no symptoms, hypertension is often called the ______.
silent killer
bacteria are _________ -celled organisms that can be found in almost all environments.
single
fungi
single celled or multi celled organism ex: candidiasis (yeast infection)/tinea(athlete's foot, ringworm)/histoplasmosis
protozoa
single celled organism the generally live independently of host ex: giardia/toxoplasmosis/malaria
The "Best if used by" date on food packaging is ______. a)the date of peak food quality b)the last date the food is safe to eat c)a legal mandate stating when food must be discarded d)a scientifically determined date when spoilage will occur
the date of peak food quality
Which of the following is most likely to cause grief as a reaction? falling in love the death of a loved one finding an apartment to rent a job promotion
the death of a loved one
High levels of ______ in the blood are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
triglycerides
* Levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are directly related to the frequency of coronary heart disease. true false
true
* The term cardiovascular disease covers abnormalities of the heart and blood vessels. true false
true
*Chronic stress can increase the amount of fat that is deposited in the abdomen. true false
true
Plasma _____ , is the body's concentration of salt and other blood-soluble components.
osmolality
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops ______.
over time as people experience cumulative damage to their airways
Red meats pose a higher risk for cancer when they are ______. unprocessed eaten raw overcooked added to salads
overcooked
Any time the body is involved in movement of any kind, it is said to be engaged in ______. cardiovascular fitness physical suspension physical activity aerobic fitness
physical activity
The bacterium Escherichia coli inhabits ______. the urinary tract the lungs the large intestine the bladder
the large intestine
Viruses
tiny pathogen consist of genome (DNA/RNA) and protein covering ex: HIV / common cold / influenza
What is the primary purpose of drug cocktails in treating HIV? to combat side effects to combat drug-resistant strains to lower costs to cure HIV
to combat drug-resistant strains
**About 60 percent of processed foods now sold contain a genetically modified ingredient. true false
true
*Physical activity has been shown to have little influence on mood. true false
true
*Self-acceptance of body size is one component of living a healthier lifestyle. true false
true
True or false: In healthy lungs, tiny air sacs called alveoli expand when you breathe in and deflate when you breathe out.
true
Which of the following statements about Type-1 diabetes are true? Multiple select question. It can occur at any age. It usually occurs after age 20. It is caused by the destruction of insulin-producing cells. It is linked to obesity.
It can occur at any age. It is caused by the destruction of insulin-producing cells.
Soy products can help lower ______. triglycerides LDL HDL insulin
LDL
How are nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) and exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) related in different people? NEAT is highly variable but EAT is stable. NEAT is stable but EAT varies tremendously. NEAT and EAT are both highly variable. NEAT and EAT are both very stable.
NEAT and EAT are both highly variable.
Which of the following statements regarding hypertension is true?
Nearly half of U.S. adults are estimated to have high blood pressure.
Candidiasis is treated with ______. antiretrovirals antibiotics OTC antifungal medications antivirals
OTC antifungal medications
Advances in which of the following technologies contributed to understanding how the brain works? Multiple select question. EKGs PET scans CAT scans MRIs
PET scans CAT scans MRIs
Foods that are labeled organic ______. use growth hormones and antibiotics do not use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides have to be grown or raised in the same area where they will be sold tend to be less expensive than other types of foods raised differently
do not use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides
Which of the following are some of the unhealthy ways in which many people deal with stress? Multiple select question. drinking alcohol using drugs walking stress eating listening to music
drinking alcohol using drugs stress eating
*Metabolic syndrome involves a combination of insulin resistance, hypertension, high lipids, and central obesity. true false
false
*The FDA has concluded that all genetically modified food products require special safety testing. true false
false
*The healthiest body mass index, or BMI, is between 15 and 18. true false
false
*Vitamins A, D, E, and K are soluble only in water. true false
false
The closer to bedtime you exercise, the more beneficial effect on your sleep. True False
false
There are four types of human papillomavirus (HPV), each with different effects. true false
false
There is mounting empirical evidence that infrared heat provides special assistance to flush the body of toxins. True False
false
There is no currently recognized postexposure prophylaxis treatment for HIV. true false
false
When a person stops using drugs, the uncomfortable symptoms that result are called tolerance. true false
false
*The body excretes lysozyme to decrease the chance of infection by bacteria entering through skin pores and hair follicles. true false
false?
Identify factors that increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
family history socioeconomic status
What part of the training principle called FITT concerns how often a person should exercise? intensity frequency time type
frequency
Fatty liver disease has been linked to consuming ______. fructose water antioxidants fiber
fructose
*Which of the following are NOT an example from the parasite category? ectoparasites fungi protozoa helminths
fungi
Single-celled or multicelled organisms that include yeasts and molds are classified as ______. viruses fungi bacteria protozoa
fungi
A(n) ______ is a unit of heredity that consists of a sequence of DNA on a chromosome. gene homologous pair amino acid genome
gene
Sickle cell disease is an example of a ______ that causes a person's red blood cells to be misshapen. side effect of medication viral infection diet-induced reaction gene mutation
gene mutation
The disorder that involves excessive and unrelenting anxiety and worry is referred to as ______. generalized anxiety disorder bipolar disorder acute stress disorder adjustment disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
The presence of disease in family members who have good health habits is more indicative of a(n) ______ cause than is disease in family members with poor health habits. preventable unknown lifestyle genetic
genetic
People with diabetes have higher levels of ______ in their blood, which can damage artery walls.
glucose
Those suffering from celiac disease suffer an immune reaction when they eat ______. dried fruits gluten pasteurized dairy products nuts
gluten
What is the form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles to provide energy at a later time? glycogen fructose stevia vitamin A
glycogen
The reaction most commonly associated with the loss of a loved one is ______. grief anger apathy resolve
grief
During the deepest stages of sleep, ______ hormone stimulates the body to repair tissues and helps to ward off cancer. circadian growth melatonin leptin
growth
Which of the following act as physical barriers to pathogens? Multiple select question. hair skin mucous membranes enzymes
hair skin mucous membranes
Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis in the arteries that supply blood to the ______. lungs heart brain liver
heart
After age 65, deaths due to ______.
heart disease and stroke rise significantly
Parasitic worms (such as roundworms, flukes, and tapeworms) that live on or in a host are known as ______. helminths bacteria viruses prions
helminths
Which of the following are classified as parasites? helminths bacteria fungi viruses
helminths
Widespread vaccination shrinks the reservoir of infection agents, protecting the community through "_________" immunity
herd
Foods rich in ______ are helpful in lowering cholesterol.
fiber
Type-1 diabetes is treated with ______.
insulin
Health care providers are less likely to consider a diagnosis of heart disease in which gender?
women
intermittent asthma
discrete episodes with no symptoms in between
*Mandy, age 25, wants to lose some weight she gained over the holiday season. Mandy's resting heart rate is 75 and her target heart rate objective is 75 percent. Using the maximum heart rate formula, what is Mandy's target heart rate for exercise?
146
*After puberty, a boy of healthy weight typically levels off at ________ percent body fat. 15 10 25 20
15
*Most adults need only ________ percent of their daily calorie intake in the form of fat. 25 15 20 10
15
Regular screening for hypertension (high-blood pressure) is recommended for individuals over what age?
15
When exercising in very hot conditions, you should drink 4 to 8 ounces of fluids every ______. 30 minutes hour 45 minutes 15 minutes
15 minutes
Noise begins to affect sleep at about ______ decibels. 50 35 70 25
35
Because a pound of body fat stores about this many calories, you will need to decrease your total calorie intake for the week by this same number of calories to lose one pound of weight. 3,700 3,000 3,200 3,500
3500
Which of the following comprise the building blocks of DNA? Multiple select question. guanine adenine thymine histamine cytosine
ACGT guanine adenine thymine cytosine
The suprachiasmic nuclei (SCN) are located in the eyes and sense the change in light levels during the day and night. T F
F
This type of diabetes is related to obesity and 90 to 95 percent of people with diabetes have this type of the disease. Type-3 Type-4 Type-2 Type-1
Type-2
Which of the following are ways to reduce the likelihood of disrupting a bed partner's sleep with snoring? Multiple select question. Sleep on your back. Use a humidifier. Use nasal sprays. Drink alcohol before bedtime.
Use a humidifier. Use nasal sprays.
What is a demographic characteristic true of hypertension?
Women can develop hypertension during pregnancy.
Which of the following are advantages to cross training? You reduce the risk of overuse injuries. You avoid the boredom of participating in the same exercise daily. It focuses on exercising doing only two training activities. It is designed to help you ignore any injuries or pain.
You reduce the risk of overuse injuries. You avoid the boredom of participating in the same exercise daily.
Which of the following would be the best option for preventing cardiovascular disease?
a Mediterranean-style diet
Gonorrhea is treated with ______. specific drug cocktails antivirals antibiotics antiretrovirals
antibiotics
A longer lifespan and improved functioning of most systems in the body are all physical benefits a person can attain from physical ______. illness rest activity inertia
activity
Which of the following body shapes is most at risk for heart disease?
apple shape
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the stages that dying people go through? a)Each stage must be experienced before acceptance of dying can be reached. b)Each stage may be experienced more than once. c)The stages occur in linear order. d)The stages are universal.
b)Each stage may be experienced more than once.
Which of the following are portals of exit for pathogens? Multiple select question. blood inhalation of droplets insect bites sneezing
blood insect bites sneezing
The set of precautions that are designed to prevent the transmission of ______ infections are known as universal precautions. fungal bloodborne opportunistic foodborne
bloodborne
Using the body's large muscles is a good way to exercise this system in the body. lymphatic cardiorespiratory endocrine reproductive
cardiorespiratory
The ability of the heart and lungs to provide oxygen and nutrients to muscles and cells is called ______. overall flexibility neurological signaling bodily balance cardiorespiratory fitness
cardiorespiratory fitness
Fat carried around the waist, or abdomen, is called ______ obesity. central internal proximal orbital
central
Which of the following should be avoided close to bedtime because they can affect melatonin production needed to fall asleep easily? Multiple select question. computers books or magazines television smart phones
computers television smart phones
The "C" in the ABCDs of STI prevention is ______________
condoms
Which of the following has been shown to block the production of melatonin and make it difficult to fall asleep? a)listening to classical music before bed b)reading a magazine or book before bed c)exercising early in the day d)viewing blue light from electronic devices
d)viewing blue light from electronic devices
moderate asthma
daily symptoms that limit some normal activities
**A person with which of the following is at an increased risk for heart disease? bronchitis chronic bronchitis emphysema asthma
emphysema
In 2015 New York City became the first city to require restaurant menus to warn about food with ______. high sodium content common allergens lead content excessive heat
high sodium content
In order to make sure they have enough reserve energy for their sport, athletes must replenish muscle stores of glycogen. This is why they should eat a ______. high-fat diet high-liquid diet high-carbohydrate diet high-protein diet
high-carbohydrate diet
Developing muscular strength requires exercising at a(n) ______ intensity for a shorter duration of time. variable higher lower equivalent
higher
The sleep latency test measures ______. how long it takes to fall asleep how long you sleep how many times you wake up at night the length of your sleep cycles
how long it takes to fall asleep
Allergic reactions occur because of an overreaction by the body's ______. immune system digestive system circulatory system skeletal system
immune system
Once you have survived a pathogenic infection, you often acquire ________ , which protects you from future infection by the same pathogen.
immunity
What are some of the effects that alcohol has on sleep? Multiple select question. increased time to fall asleep late-night restlessness poor quality of sleep reduced sleepiness
late-night restlessness poor quality of sleep
When you sleep, you expend ______ energy than when you are awake. about the same exactly the same more less
less
What percentage of consumers say they would purchase cultured meat? about 10 percent about 25 percent less than 50 percent about 75 percent
less than 50 percent
What are ways of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with high levels of LDL? Multiple select question. maintaining a healthy weight taking statin medications increasing saturated fat intake exercising
maintaining a healthy weight taking statin medications exercising
The six classes of essential nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, water, and ______. probiotics antioxidants minerals oxygen
minerals
MyPlate promotes which of the following in comparison to current general eating patterns in the United States? Multiple select question. less consumption of whole grains more consumption of legumes less consumption of added sugars more consumption of vegetables and fruits
more consumption of legumes less consumption of added sugars more consumption of vegetables and fruits
Groups of conditions that often start before a child enters grade school and include limitations on learning and difficulty with behavior control and social skills are known as neurodevelopmental disorders. psychotic disorders. depressive disorders. mood disorders.
neurodevelopmental disorders.
What is hyponatremia? an inability to process liquids lack of hydration overhydration (water intoxication) improper hydration with sports drinks
overhydration (water intoxication)
The target heart rate zone is the range of exercise intensity that allows you to stress your cardiorespiratory system for optimal benefit without ______. breaking a sweat overloading the system inhaling for air straining your small muscles
overloading the system
Among American adults, 31.8 percent meet the criteria for ______. anemic malnourished overweight poor
overweight
*John weighs 242 pounds and has a body mass index of 28.5; John is considered overweight. normal weight. obese. Not enough information is provided.
overweight.
Which of the following are autoimmune diseases? Multiple select question. rheumatoid arthritis tuberculosis lupus erythematosus psoriasis
rheumatoid arthritis lupus erythematosus psoriasis
*Which of the following conditions, with sudden onset, is NOT a signal that a stroke has occurred? numbness headaches ringing ears difficulty with speech
ringing ears
Bacteria are classified based on which of the following shapes? Multiple select question. spiral spherical cubical conical rodlike
spiral spherical rodlike
Transitional, light sleep is characteristic of ______ non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. stage 3 stage 1 stage 2 stage 4
stage 1
With rapid weight loss that is associated with fad diets, the body can enter this mode. peak starvation hibernation binging
starvation
When you stretch a muscle until it feels tight, hold the stretch until the muscle tension decreases, and then stretch a little farther, you are doing this kind of stretching. pulmonary passive static latent
static
Which of the following types of exercise has the primary purpose of ensuring a healthy range of motion? weight lifting stretching anaerobic exercises running
stretching
Hypertension increases the risk of which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
stroke kidney disease heart attack
The sugar used as the baseline for the sweetness scale is ______. maltose glucose sucrose fructose
sucrose
Which one of the following is recommended by the ACSM when stretching? two to four repetitions of each stretch, for a total of 60 seconds per stretch two or three repetitions of each stretch, for a total of 30 seconds six repetitions of each stretch, for a total of 30 seconds. a single repetition of each stretch, for a total of 2 minutes
two to four repetitions of each stretch, for a total of 60 seconds per stretch
The ACSM recommends that you do stretching exercises at least ______ days a week. six one to two four to five two to three
two to three
Which of the following activities contribute to an obesogenic environment? using a computer driving a car watching television riding a bicycle
using a computer driving a car watching television
Which of the following are effective ways a sedentary person who spends a lot of time indoors can make daily activities more active? walk around while checking telephone messages wear ankle weights while sitting at your desk use a computer instead of watching television get up and manually change television channels instead of using remote controls
walk around while checking telephone messages get up and manually change television channels instead of using remote controls
There are major biological differences between races that strongly determine health outcomes for various groups. True False
False Reason: Biologically distinct races do not exist within the human species. Genetic traits are passed down by individuals, not "races." It is more accurate to view race as a social rather than biological category.
If you are having trouble eliminating waste from your bowels, you should consider incorporating more ______ in your diet. complex carbohydrates simple carbohydrates dairy products dietary fiber
dietary fiber
Water assists the body with which of the following functions? Multiple select question. digestion waste-product removal absorption of nutrients hair growth
digestion waste-product removal absorption of nutrients
When can the mother-to-child, or vertical, transmission of HIV occur? Multiple select question. during breastfeeding during delivery during pregnancy at conception
during breastfeeding during delivery during pregnancy
Allergic symptoms at night, such as sneezing and watery eyes, are often caused by ______. bed bugs brown recluse spiders dust mites mosquitoes
dust mites
Which of the following are steps that you can take to protect yourself from infectious diseases? Multiple select question. eat a balanced diet get enough sleep get vaccinated take antibiotics for viral infections
eat a balanced diet get enough sleep get vaccinated
Which of the following behaviors are linked to establishing a healthier lifestyle? focusing solely on the self, not friends or family eating a balanced diet moderate-intensity physical exercise every week never being satisfied with your body size
eating a balanced diet moderate-intensity physical exercise every week
Which of the following are among the eight foods that are responsible for 90 percent of food allergies? Multiple select question. eggs milk tree nuts green vegetables fruits
eggs milk tree nuts
Fast food leads to inflammation from ______. caffeine endotoxins antioxidants probiotics
endotoxins
Eating carbohydrates allows sugar to quickly enter your bloodstream, giving you ______. muscle spasms protein energy anaphylactic shock
energy
Carbohydrates provide the body with ______. joint lubrication genetic material energy and fuel neurological chemicals
energy and fuel
The relationship of the intake calories to the consumption of calories through metabolism and movement is called ______. heart rate energy balance food-exercise ratio energy positivity
energy balance
What are often lacking from a vegetarian diet that is not planned properly? Multiple select question. energy intake adequate sodium antioxidants food diversity
energy intake food diversity
If obese parents adopt children who become obese, this scenario demonstrates how obesity can be caused by ______. environmental factors physical illnesses related genes geographic location
environmental factors
A person's sense of belonging or identity stemming from a common ancestry and a common national or cultural origin is defined as ______, whereas a person's physical traits to describe ethnic background is known as ______.
ethnicity; race
High triglyceride levels are associated with which of the following? high-fiber diets alcohol consumption excess body fat high fitness levels
excess body fat alcohol consumption
A structured, planned physical activity that is done to improve fitness is called ______. resistance endurance exercise intensity
exercise
Programs that combine which of the following are likely to produce sustainable changes in treating obesity? Multiple select question. exercise education lifestyle modification nutrition education rapid weight loss
exercise education lifestyle modification nutrition education
People can train for muscular power by ______. preventing muscles from contracting preventing muscles from stretching exercising faster exercising slower
exercising faster
If the stressor is too great or persists too long, the body moves into the ______ phase, the last phase of the general adaptation syndrome. alarm exhaustion eustress
exhaustion
Which of the following increase the risk that a person will develop cardiovascular disease?
exposure to chronic violence
* Hypertension is more common among whites than among Blacks. true false
false
**It is not possible to achieve significant cardiorespiratory improvements by exercising for only 10 minutes at a 90 percent intensity level. true false
false
**Many of the diet drugs currently available and approved by the FDA can ensure permanent weight loss. true false
false
**The primary cause of obesity for a majority of people is a single gene that affects body fat. true false
false
*A person who is genetically predisposed to be obese cannot improve their overall health through moderate lifestyle changes. true false
false
*Current practice calls for all sexually active women to receive Pap screening every three years from age 21 to 30, and then every five years from age 30 to 65. true false
false
*Every person has an ideal weight, a set point of healthy weight. true false
false
*Hepatitis C is not a highly infectious virus. true false
false
*If both of a person's parents are obese, the person still has only a 10 percent higher chance of becoming obese than a person with parents who are both not obese. true false
false
*Unlike overconsumption of certain vitamins, consumption of excessive amounts of minerals will not lead to toxicity. true false
false
*Weight gain supplements used without activity still provide the desired pounds of extra weight. true false
false
Female use of firearms to commit suicide has decreased in recent years.
false
Hepatitis B vaccinations are not recommended for children. true false
false
IQ is one of the best predictors of success and happiness in life. true false
false
Major life events are more strongly related to illness and disease than are daily hassles. true false
false
Research shows that making a commitment to change is all a person needs to carry out the process of changing a behavior. true false
false
Stroke is the first-leading cause of death in the United States. True False
false
The brain is fully developed by the time a child reaches puberty. true false
false
True or false: Bacterial vaginosis is a sexually transmitted infection.
false
True or false: Lesbians, gay males, bisexuals, and transgender (LGBT) individuals often have lower rates of school-related problems, running away from home, and suicide than their non-LGBT peers do.
false
True or false: Men are at a greater risk for depression than women.
false
True or false: The CDC recommends that everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 be tested every 5 years for HIV infection.
false
True or false: Worldwide, rates of obesity are very similar between countries.
false
**Walking 10,000 steps a day can help people maintain and control their current weight. true false
false ??
The inability to continue exercising at a desired level of intensity, whether for psychological or physiological reasons, is known as ______. fitness stress fatigue overcompensation
fatigue
**An accumulation of debris that undergoes continuing damage, bleeding, and calcification after smooth muscle cells release collagen and other proteins will form a lesion. fatty streak. lipoprotein. plaque.
fatty streak.
Symptoms of foodborne illness include which of the following? Multiple select question. edema fever vomiting hair loss diarrhea
fever vomiting diarrhea
Nondigestible plant carbohydrate is called ______. glucose antioxidant fiber whole grain
fiber
Sleepwalking episodes occur during the ______ third of the night's sleep. last first middle
first
Anisakiasis, which causes GI pain, nausea, and vomiting, is caused by eating raw or undercooked ______. beef poultry eggs fish
fish
A low-income area where more than a third of the population has low access to a supermarket is known by the term ______. suburbs food oasis farm country food desert
food desert
Areas where there are no stores with healthy foods are known as ______ ________.
food deserts
Vegetarians need to pay special attention to make sure that their diets provide them with enough ______. meats and poultry food diversity water energy expenditures
food diversity
The lack of affordable access to sufficient quality and quantity of healthy food is known as ______. the traffic light system food insecurity veganism anaphylactic shock
food insecurity
*Foodborne illnesses may be caused by food intoxication or by food infection, both types commonly referred to as food poisoning. food safety. unhealthy diet. food bacteria.
food poisoning.
Which of the following statements about Type 2 diabetes is true?
It is caused by the body's cells becoming resistant to insulin.
There is some empirical evidence that suggests that a gluten-free diet has what effect on those who do not have celiac disease or wheat sensitivity? It may reduce inflammation. It may trigger other food sensitivities. It may damage the thyroid. It may damage the gut.
It may damage the gut.
hich of the following are ways that physical activity helps prevent cardiovascular disease? Multiple select question. It reduces high blood pressure. It helps control diabetes. It raises levels of LDL. It helps maintain a healthy weight.
It reduces high blood pressure. It helps maintain a healthy weight. It helps control diabetes.
What is the second-most common method of HIV transmission in the United States? contact with infected body fluids day-to-day contact in the workplace injection drug use sexual contact
injection drug use
The acute inflammatory response is part of which immune system? barrier common innate acquired
innate
Which of the following are the two subdivisions of the immune system? Multiple select question. acute acquired innate lymphatic
innate acquired
Which of the following are portals of entry for pathogens? coughing and sneezing insect bites a cut on the skin inhalation of respiratory droplets
insect bites a cut on the skin inhalation of respiratory droplets
Which of the following are portals of entry for pathogens? Multiple select question. coughing and sneezing insect bites inhalation of respiratory droplets a cut on the skin
insect bites inhalation of respiratory droplets a cut on the skin
Difficulty in falling or staying asleep is known as ______. insomnia circadian rhythm REM sleep sleep apnea
insomnia
Emotional ______ includes an understanding of emotional experience, self-awareness, and sensitivity to others. health resilience stress intelligence
intelligence
**You can turn light activity into moderate activity by increasing the warm-up time. duration. number of activities. intensity.
intensity. ??
The condition in which the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood because of a narrowing or blocking of the coronary artery is called coronary thrombosis. myocardial infarction. ischemia. angina.
ischemia.
What is the type of stroke that occurs when an artery in the brain becomes blocked? ischemic embolic hemorrhagic thrombotic
ischemic
Which type of stroke accounts for 87 percent of all strokes? ischemic aneurysmic hemorrhagic arrhythmic
ischemic
The cell that attacks and destroys foreign cells and body cells that have been compromised by a virus or have become cancerous is known as the B cell. killer T cell. helper T cell. suppressor T cell.
killer T cell.
Food energy is measured in ______. kilocalories grams kilograms pounds
kilocalories
Which of the following are behavior choices that affect a person's individual health? race/ethnicity age level of physical fitness smoking status
level of physical fitness smoking status
When dreaming, an individual has periods of no muscle tone or movement, except for eyes, diaphragm, nasal membranes, and erectile tissue. T F
T
Which of the following individual types is achievement oriented and also prone to suffer from stress-related illnesses? Type C Type A Type B Type D
Type A
*Abdominal fat and lack of physical activity appear to be strong indicators of risk for which type of diabetes? prediabetes Type-2 gestational Type-1
Type-2
A marker on an invading microorganism that triggers the immune response is called ______. an antigen a recognizer an antibody a histamine
an antigen
What test uses ultrasound to visualize heart function?
an echocardiogram
People can get a cardio workout by making impact-free, continuous circular strides on ______. an inclined ramp a rubber track a treadmill an elliptical
an elliptical
What test evaluates how well the heart functions during strenuous activity?
an exercise stress test
A life-threatening systemic allergic response that requires immediate medical attention is known as ______. gluten intolerance anaphylactic shock hay fever asthma
anaphylactic shock
Intermittent pain or heaviness in the chest, and often in the arm or shoulder, caused by the heart muscle not receiving enough blood is called ______. a stroke plaque buildup angina arrhythmia
angina
Pain, heaviness, or tightness in the chest, and often in the arm or shoulder, caused by the heart muscle not receiving enough blood is called ______. arrhythmia cerebrovascular accident stroke angina
angina
The technique in which a balloon catheter is inserted into an artery and then inflated to stretch it open is called ______.
angioplasty
Proteins produced by lymphocytes that can bind to specific antigens and destroy them are called a(n) ______. lymphocytes T cells antibodies neutrophils
antibodies
Substances in food that neutralize the effects of free radicals are known as ______. anticoagulants corpuscles capillaries antioxidants
antioxidants
Generalized ______ disorder is characterized by uncontrollable worrying, usually far out of proportion to the likelihood of the feared event. anxiety bipolar neurotic manic
anxiety
Weight-loss aids are not regulated as highly as medications because weight-loss aids ______. have no potential for side effects or risks are marketed as dietary supplements are advertised in magazines only are prescribed by physicians
are marketed as dietary supplements
A condition in which the immune system attacks the body (as with rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, or scleroderma) is referred to as a(n) ________ disease
autoimmune
What is the primary benefit to population health of studying health outcomes among demographic groups? a) calculating which groups are least healthy so that insurers can charge them higher rates b) identifying differences in health outcomes between groups and finding opportunities for intervention c) helping health-conscious individuals decide whether they should move to a certain location d) determining the food preferences and habits of certain groups to help advertisers and restaurants target potential customers
b) identifying differences in health outcomes between groups and finding opportunities for intervention
The aspect of personal health that is most within your control is a) human biology b) lifestyle c) genetic inheritance d) environment
b) lifestyle
Which of the following statements about autoimmune disease are correct? Multiple select question. a)Autoimmune diseases are caused by parasites. b)Autoimmune diseases can cause damage to body cells and tissues. c)Autoimmune diseases are more common in women than in men. d)Genetics has no role in autoimmune diseases.
b)Autoimmune diseases can cause damage to body cells and tissues. c)Autoimmune diseases are more common in women than in men.
Which of the following statements is true regarding family health trees? a)A family health tree traces a family's origin. b)Basic information for each relative in the family health tree includes date of birth, major diseases, age, and cause of death. c)Results from genetic testing are required to create a family health tree. d)Lifestyle habit information should not be included.
b)Basic information for each relative in the family health tree includes date of birth, major diseases, age, and cause of death.
What is the first step in making a behavior change plan? a)asking friends for advice b)accepting responsibility for your health c)avoiding your health problems d)seeking a doctor's advice
b)accepting responsibility for your health
The rate at which the body uses energy to maintain basic life functions is known as the ______. parabolic effect of nutrients basal metabolic rate thermic effect of food resting heart rate
basal metabolic rate
Obese women may find it difficult to ______. self-diagnose obesity become pregnant develop diabetes measure their BMI
become pregnant
To avoid chronic disease, a person should maintain healthy levels of ______. Multiple select question. blood pressure lipids steroids blood glucose
blood pressure lipids blood glucose
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for ______ in the United States. men but not women women but not men both men and women
both men and women
Moderate-intensity activity results in which of the following? rapid breathing being unable to talk while exercising breaking a sweat a noticeable decrease in heart rate
breaking a sweat
Which of the following are parts of the lungs? Multiple select question. bronchioles bronchi alveoli vena cava atrium
bronchi bronchioles alveoli
Community planning involves such activities as ______. requiring labels on all food items providing insurance discounts to nonsmokers building parks and trails paying farmers to plant more crops
building parks and trails
Which of the following are ways that poverty increases people's risk for cardiovascular disease? Multiple select question.
by increasing stress by reducing access to health care by limiting access to food and shelter
What is the primary cause of the common symptoms of AIDs? a)An allergic response to the presence of the virus triggers reactions in various organs. b)A compromised brain feedback mechanism causes a severe hormonal imbalance. c)A weakened immune system allows opportunistic infections. d)A damaged digestive system fails to draw sufficient nutrition from what is eaten.
c)A weakened immune system allows opportunistic infections.
Application of ice tubs, ice sleeves or cuff, as well as cryosaunas and cryochambers are all types of _______ therapy.
cold
Red meat consumption is linked to which of the following? Multiple select question. low blood pressure anemia diabetes heart disease cancer
diabetes heart disease cancer
Which of the following groups are prone to developing atherosclerosis at a younger age?
diabetics
When the heart relaxes between contractions, the ______ blood pressure is measured.
diastolic
More than two-thirds of Americans point to their job as a significant source of __________
stress
The physical and emotional changes that a person experiences when faced with a threat are known as the ______ response. reflex stress perceived delayed
stress
Which of the following psychological factors contribute to cardiovascular disease? Multiple select question. hostility depression stress shyness forgetfulness
stress depression depression
Those with Type A behavior pattern would most commonly suffer from ______. stress-related illnesses excessive sleep cycles posttraumatic stress disorders lethargy and inactivity
stress-related illnesses
Quinn is late to the last class of the day. In this case, being late is a ______. stress response stressor flight response
stressor
Which of the following are physical, as opposed to cognitive, benefits of exercise? Multiple select question. stronger immune system more shallow breathing new cell growth in the hippocampus longer lifespan
stronger immune system longer lifespan
Despite progress in the global fight against HIV, an estimated 37.9 million people were infected as of the end of 2018. More than half of those people are in what region? China Eastern Europe Southeast Asia sub-Saharan Africa
sub-Saharan Africa
Which of the following are especially common among individuals who have been the target of racism? Multiple select question. substance abuse hypertension eating disorders hyperactivity
substance abuse hypertension eating disorders
The sugar used as the baseline for the sweetness scale is ______. sucrose maltose glucose fructose
sucrose
Which of the following are two types of carbohydrates? fruits and vegetables sugars and starches starches and glutens starches and fruits
sugars and starches
Adrenaline is an appetite ______. stimulant intensifier enhancement suppressant
suppressant
Circadian rhythms are maintained primarily by the ______. corpus callosum pineal gland suprachiasmatic nuclei central reticular nucleus
suprachiasmatic nuclei
What are treatments for hemorrhagic stroke? Multiple select question. medication to control blood pressure surgery to control bleeding thrombolytic medication surgery to relieve pressure in the brain
surgery to relieve pressure in the brain surgery to control bleeding medication to control blood pressure
The three medical strategies to treat obesity are diet drugs, very-low-calorie diets, and ______. fad diets herbal supplements surgical procedures restricted nutrition
surgical procedures
What are symptoms of the acute infection that many people experience 4 to 6 weeks after their initial exposure to HIV? Multiple select question. swollen lymph nodes constipation fever rash
swollen lymph nodes fever rash
During the return to homeostasis, the ______ of your autonomic nervous system takes control to halt the stress response. endocrine system sympathetic division parasympathetic division hypothalamus area
sympathetic division
mild persistent asthma
symptoms a few times a week but not daily
The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body in a process called ______ circulation. cardiovascular ventricular pulmonary systemic
systemic
When the heart contracts, the ______ blood pressure is measured.
systolic
During an intense workout, a feeling of pain or pressure in the left arm or shoulder could be a sign of ______. a stroke overexertion fatigue fitness
overexertion
Body weight that exceeds, but does not greatly exceed, the recommended guidelines is referred to as obesity. proportioned. overweight. unstable.
overweight.
helminths
parasitic worms that lives on or in host ex: hookworm/liver flukes/pinworm
During the return to homeostasis, the ______ of your autonomic nervous system takes control to halt the stress response. sympathetic division endocrine system parasympathetic division hypothalamus area
parasympathetic division
Whom should you include on your family health tree? (Select all that apply.) parents grandparents aunts, uncles, and cousins close family friends siblings
parents grandparents aunts, uncles, and cousins siblings
At the base of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, he identifies ______ as including the need for food and shelter. self-fulfillment self-actualization personal safety physiological needs
physiological needs
Expending 2,000 calories per week is recommended to ______. prevent early death rapidly lose weight increase muscle power reverse heart disease
prevent early death
*Resistance training and other exercise lends themselves to all of the following health benefits EXCEPT reducing obesity. improving quality of life. preventing cancer. preventing osteoporosis.
preventing cancer.
What is the most significant risk factor for suicide? serious medical problems previous suicide attempt(s) reduced fear of death family history of suicide
previous suicide attempt(s)
The ______ is the natural environment, in soil or water or within organisms, where a pathogen lives. reservoir infection host vector
reservoir
A natural environment in which a pathogen typically lives is called a(n) ______. habitat infection reservoir vector
reservoir AKA host
Drug cocktails are used in the treatment of HIV to combat ______. resistant strains insurance companies blood screenings immune systems
resistant strains
There are no known health problems that result from ______. deficient sleep sleeping ten hours a night disrupted sleep patterns short sleep
sleeping ten hours a night
In persons with celiac disease, over time the reaction of the immune system to gluten causes inflammatory damage to the ______. stomach small intestine heart liver
small intestine
In general, which age group has the most high-quality sleep (NREM stages 3 and 4)? the young the middle aged the elderly
the young
An estimate of the amount of energy required to process the food an individual eats is known as the ______. parabolic effect of nutrients resting heart rate thermic effect of food basal metabolic rate
thermic effect of food
The expenditure of energy in activities other than exercise is known as non-exercise activity fitness. hypothermia. endurance. thermogenesis.
thermogenesis
*People who sit for long periods of time are at a higher risk for heart disease, diabetes, and premature death. true false
true
*Some of the least healthy options at fast-food restaurants include fried fish sandwiches and chicken nuggets. true false
true
*Some studies have shown that if an individual's friends gain weight, that individual is more likely to gain weight. true false
true
A pathogen passes from one organism to another via the chain of infection. True False
true
A person who is frequently in high-risk situations for exposure to HIV, taking a daily cocktail of two medications can significantly reduce your risk of acquiring HIV infection true false
true
Alzheimer's, dementia, and amnesia are examples of cognitive disorders. true false
true
Antiviral medications can suppress replication of HIV to the point where there is no detectable virus circulating in a person's bloodstream. true false
true
Cases of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are becoming common on college campuses. true false
true
Compared to 16 other high-income countries ("peer countries"), the United States has the highest rates of obesity and diabetes. true false
true
Current rates of syphilis infection are far higher among men than women. true false
true
If correctly fitted and worn, an N95 respirator mask can filter out 95 percent of the solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the atmosphere that are believed to transport the coronavirus, which causes COVID-19. true false
true
Introducing a relaxation response is one way to fight illness during moments of stress. true false
true
It is essential that gonorrhea is treated with two antibiotics rather than just one. true false
true
Most genetic disorders are caused by single-gene mutations. true false
true
Recent sexual activity is one risk factor for developing a urinary tract infection. true false
true
Repetitive head trauma is a risk factor for dementia.
true
SMART is an acronym for Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bound goals. true false
true
Social support can help protect you against illness. true false
true
Strong social networks have been shown to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. true false
true
Studies are beginning to link the gut microbiome to obesity. true false
true
The protective effect against heart disease associated with light consumption of alcoholic beverages appears to be linked to alcohol itself.
true
True or false: Antiviral medications can help reduce risk of transmission for some viral STIs.
true
True or false: The body's immune system is a complex set of cells, chemicals, and processes.
true
Vaccination exposes the body to antigens from infectious agents so that if a person is exposed to the real organism, they will be less likely to develop serious disease. true false
true
When B cells encounter a specific antigen, they mature to become cells that produce antibodies for that antigen. true false
true
Worldwide, the four leading infectious disease causes of death are pneumonia, diarrhea, tuberculosis, and malaria. true false
true
True or false: Whites have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than other groups.
true false
At 6 or 7 hours sleep per night, the average college student gets about ______ sleep than is recommended for good health. two hours less two hours more four hours less four hours more
two hours less
Resistance training should be done ______. twice a day once a week every 10 to 12 days two or three times a week
two or three times a week
The size acceptance movement is also known as the ______ movement. "cross fit" "lean and mean" "weight watchers" "fit and fat"
"fit and fat"
Type of T-Cells
- Helper T: works to activate T cells - Killer T: attacks cells that are infected or cancerous - Suppressor T: slows down the immune response after a threat has been dealt with
If you are awakened from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage ______, you may deny that you were asleep. 3 2 1 4
1
Healthy weight loss is considered the loss of how many pounds per week? 5 to 7 3 to 5 7 to 10 1 to 2
1 to 2
*Infection may play a role in cardiovascular disease. true false
true
In what year did the rate of new HIV infections (worldwide) peak? 2018 1997 2000 2010
1997
About ______ percent of the general population suffers from night eating syndrome. 3.3 5.4 0.7 1.5
1.5
About what percentage of the United States population has been diagnosed with diabetes?
10
During puberty, men and women will have a difference in body fat of about _____ percent, a difference that will remain generally stable throughout life. 2 5 10 15
10
If you choose to invest in a weighted blanket to ease anxiety and facilitate sleep, you should choose one that weights about _____ percent of your body weight. 5 10 15 20
10
Overweight individuals can lessen their risk of cardiovascular disease by losing ______ of their total weight.
10 to 15 percent
Worldwide, what is the estimated percentage of people around the world who are obese? 30 percent 13 percent 23 percent 3 percent
13 percent
The Department of Health and Human Services, in 2018, issued guidelines that suggest that adults accumulate how many minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week? 50 100 150 200
150
Cigarette smokers' risk of heart disease is how much greater than that of nonsmokers?
2 to 4 times
How long does it take after vigorous exercise for body temperature to drop enough for drowsiness to occur and deeper sleep to take place? 1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours
3 hours
In which stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep does blood pressure fall? Multiple select question. 1 3 4 2
3 4
At what age do we achieve peak bone mass? 10 20 30 40
30
Without active intervention, muscle mass peaks around age _____ and gradually decreases by about 20 to 40 percent by age 70. 25 30 25 40
30
When considering the time element of the FITT principle for cardiorespiratory training, what is a good average duration for an exercise session? 60 minutes 75 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes
30 minutes
Once ingested, caffeine peaks in the bloodstream in ______ minutes. 5 to 10 30 to 60 15 to 25 60 to 90
30 to 60
Of the dozens of neurotransmitters that have been discovered, how many appear to be especially important in mental disorders? 7 2 4 11
4
the loss of sleep at the start of daylight savings time is associated with a ______ in heart attack risk. 10 percent decrease 35 percent increase 60 percent decrease 5 percent increase
5 percent increase
How many hours does it take for half of caffeine intake to clear the blood system of a young adult? 1 to 2 hours 5 to 7 hours 10 to 12 hours 2 to 3 hours
5 to 7 hours
Approximately what percentage of Americans suffer from sleep apnea? 20 percent 40 percent 50 percent 30 percent
40 percent
About what percentage of U.S. college students are estimated to experience food insecurity? 45 percent 95 percent 10 percent 1 percent
45 percent
Adults should have their cholesterol checked at least once every ______ years.
5
The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that people exercise at a THR between ________ percent and ________ percent of their maximum heart rate. 10; 20 55; 80 40; 55 20; 45
55; 80
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep starts about ______ minutes after you fall asleep. 5 to 25 25 to 45 45 to 65 70 to 90
70 to 90
Taking a two-drug cocktail daily as a pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV can reduce the risk of infection for intravenous drug users by 25 percent. 40 percent. 74 percent. 99 percent.
74 percent.
*Akia, who burns 2000 calories a day, will require approximately ______ cups of water daily. 6 to 8 8 to 12 14 to 16 2 to 4
8 to 12
Most adults need about ______ hours of sleep on weekdays. 8 to 9 6 to 7 4 to 6 10 to 12
8 to 9
If all of the Life's Simple 7 areas were addressed, it would reduce the risk for CVD by how much?
80 percent
What percentage of diabetes cases are Type 2 diabetes?
90 to 95 percent
By the age of 6, about ______ percent of the structure of the brain has been formed. 50 80 95 65
95
An achievement orientation is associated with which personality type? D A C B
A
Which of the following statements are true about viruses? (Choose every correct answer.) a)They are some of the smallest pathogens. b)There are only a few types of viruses. c)They typically remain active outside of hosts for a long time. d)They are among the most numerous of pathogens.
A D
Studies have shown which of the following relationships between alcoholic intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Multiple select question. A man who has more than two drinks a day increases his risk of CVD. A man who has a single drink a day may gain a protective effect against CVD. A woman who has two drinks a day may gain a protective effect against CVD. A woman who drinks but less than one full drink a day may gain a protective effect against CVD.
A man who has more than two drinks a day increases his risk of CVD. A man who has a single drink a day may gain a protective effect against CVD. A woman who drinks but less than one full drink a day may gain a protective effect against CVD.
Which of the following best defines the term health? A) Health is the overall condition of a person's body, mind, and social well-being. B) Health is a concept that is mostly determined by the decisions you make and how you live. C) Health is the condition of feeling good, regardless of a person's underlying physical state. D) Health is a condition defined by the absence of disease and infirmity.
A) Health is the overall condition of a person's body, mind, and social well-being.
What is the most common cause of dementia?
Alzheimer's disease
The best-selling prescription sleep medication in the United States is ______. Restoril Dalmon Ambien Doral
Ambien
Which of the following statements about the incidence of diabetes in the United States is true? Diabetes is the first leading cause of death in the United States. About 8 million people are at high risk for developing diabetes in the next 10 years. Rates of diabetes have remained about the same for the past 30 years. An estimated 9.4 million people have diabetes but are undiagnosed.
An estimated 9.4 million people have diabetes but are undiagnosed.
The lymphocytes that monitor blood and tissue fluids are which type of cell? P cell A cell B cell T cell
B cell
Which of the following are demographic data that researchers consider when studying population health? Multiple select question. music preferences A) music preferences B) demographic data. C) geographical location D) socioeconomic status age
B) demographic data. C) geographical location D) socioeconomic status age
Healthy body composition is measured by ______.
BMI
What lifestyle decisions will help a person avoid chronic disease? Multiple select question. Be physically active. Avoid being overweight. Smoke in moderation. Take care of mental health. Drink to manage stress. Eat a heart-healthy diet.
Be physically active. Avoid being overweight. Take care of mental health. Eat a heart-healthy diet.
Which of the following populations has the greatest rate of syphilis infection? Hispanic people American Indians/Alaska Natives Black people white people
Black people
Which of the following can occur when heart valves do not function normally? The risk of blood clots decreases. The risk of blood infections decreases. Blood does not flow through the heart smoothly. Blood can leak backward between heart chambers.
Blood does not flow through the heart smoothly. Blood can leak backward between heart chambers.
A population achieves health equity when all people: A) have the exact same health characteristics. B) pay the same amount of taxes toward public health. C) have an equal opportunity to attain their full health potential. D) receive the level of health care they can afford.
C) have an equal opportunity to attain their full health potential.
* The two most common forms of chronic lung disease are asthma and pneumonia. lower respiratory disease. smoking. COPD.
COPD.
Air quality, access to education or employment, and public policies are factors that are part of the ______ aspect of the socioecological model of health. A) universal B) individual C) interpersonal D) environmental
D) environmental
The DASH Eating Plan was developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What does the DASH acronym stand for? Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypoglycemia Dietary Acclamation to Stop Hyperactivity Dietary Affirmations to Supplement Hypertension
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
What is the name of the diet plan that is intended to lower high blood pressure?
DASH
Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep
DEF: Sleep characterized by slower brain waves than are seen during wakefulness as well as other physiological markers; divided into four stages of increasingly deep sleep. STAGES: 1) sleep is transitional, light sleep - related or half awake state. heart rate slows and breathing becomes shallow and rhythmic. last from 10 sec to 10 minutes. accompanied by visual imagery. ppl awake in stage 1 - deny they were asleep 2) brain activity slows further and stop moving. loss consciousness where ventrolateral preoptic nucleus cells in hypothalamus and parafacial zone cells in brain stem to switch on. lack of movement decrease muscle tension + brain stem stimulation that sleep is induced. last about 10 to 20 minutes and represent beginning of sleep. not consciously aware of eternal environment. ppl awake admit they fell asleep 3/4) blood pressure drops, heart rate / respiration slow, blood supply to brain is minimized. stage 4 = deep sleep and feel groggy if awaken. spend 20-40 minute in deep sleep.
immune system
DEF: complex set of cells, chemical, and processes that protects the body against pathogens when succeed in entering the body TYPES: - innate: rapid response design to catch and dispose of foreign particles or pathogen in nonspecific manner -acquired: highly specialized response that recognizes specific targets
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
DEF: describe and explain physiological changes that he observed and believed to predicable responses to stressors by all organism phases: 1: alarm stage - body fight or flight response is activated, accompanied by reduced immune system functioning 2: resistance stage - body uses energy to cope with continued stress and stay at peak level 3: recover or exhaustion stage after prolonged exposure to stress -> if exhaustion stage = become totally depleted that leads to illness or death
chain of infection
DEF: process by which an infectious agent or pathogen passes from one organism to another. PROCESS: -susceptible host -infectious agent -reservoir -portal of exit -mode of transmission -portal of entry
Which of the following refers to the dietary guidelines printed on food labels of packaged foods and regulated by the FDA? Multiple choice question. Food Pyramid DASH MyPlate Daily Values
Daily Values
To translate DRIs and DGAs into healthy food choices, an individual should follow recommendations from MyPlate, a service of the U.S. ______. Council on Physical Fitness Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Department of the Interior
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
The _____ is the amount of nutrients needed by half of the people in any one age group, for example, middle-aged women. Recommended Dietary Allowance Dietary Reference Intake Estimated Average Requirement Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
Estimated Average Requirement
Healthy People 2030 includes a focus on health determinants. true false
FALSE
Frequency, intensity, time, and type are together known as this principle. FACE FLEX FITT FORCE
FITT
*REM sleep is sometimes called paradoxical sleep, because the sleeper has no muscle tone and cannot move their body. T F
False
Manufacturers of dietary supplements do not have to submit proof of their efficacy or safety to the Blank______ prior to sale. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Food and Drug Administration Department of the Interior Department of Commerce
Food and Drug Administration
Which of the following are techniques for reducing the effects of a noisy environment on sleep? Cover your head with a pillow. Leave the TV or radio on. Generate white noise. Wear earplugs
Generate white noise. Wear earplugs
Exercise increases the level of ______ (good cholesterol) in the body.
HDL
Which of the following occur during the primary infection phase of HIV? Multiple select question. HIV is destroyed by the immune system. HIV replicates rapidly. HIV mutates quickly. The immune system unleashes a rapid response.
HIV replicates rapidly. HIV mutates quickly . The immune system unleashes a rapid response.
What is the cause of gestational diabetes?
Hormonal changes affect how the body responds to insulin.
Which of the following occur during the return to homeostasis? Breathing quickens. Blood pressure increases. Heart rate slows. Muscles relax.
Heart rate slows. Muscles relax.
Which of the following statements concerning racial factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Factors other than genetics may play a role in the rates of CVD in different racial groups. The death rate from heart attack has declined less among minority groups and women. Hispanics have a higher risk of CVD than whites. American Indians have a lower risk of CVD than whites.
Hispanics have a higher risk of CVD than whites. The death rate from heart attack has declined less among minority groups and women. Factors other than genetics may play a role in the rates of CVD in different racial groups.
* Which of the following statements about peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is FALSE? PVD is made worse by tobacco use. PVD is a clue to advanced atherosclerosis. PVD is always fatal in older adults. PVD most often involves the muscles of the legs.
PVD is always fatal in older adults.
_______ is a bacterial infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. Chlamydia Human papillomavirus Pubic lice Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Dreaming usually begins during ______. NREM stage 3 deep sleep REM sleep NREM stage 4
REM sleep
Countries with diets shown to protect brain mass include ______. Multiple select question. Scandinavian countries Germany the United States Japan Mediterranean countries
Scandinavian countries Japan Mediterranean countries
Bacteria
Single celled organism that are spherical, rodlike, or spiral in shape ex: staphylococcus aureus and MRSA / neisseria meningitides (meningitis) / tuberculosis / gonorrhea
What are ways in which smoking can affect cardiovascular health? Smoking can lead to blood clots in the coronary arteries. Smoking raises blood levels of HDL cholesterol. Smoking lowers blood levels of LDL cholesterol. Smoking relaxes the coronary arteries.
Smoking can lead to blood clots in the coronary arteries.
Some _____ become memory cells when exposed to an infection agent and, if they encounter the same antigen in the future, they can respond quickly to destroy the invader before it causes illness. Multiple select question. natural killer cells T cells B cells
T cells B cells
HRR formula to calculate THR
THR = X% (MHR - RHR) + RHR ex: Serena is 2o years old and just starting a cardiorespiratory training program. Her THR goal is 60 to 80 percent, and she has an RHR of 70. -> For a 60 percent: 0.6(200-70) + 70 = 148
Even in neighboring zip codes in the United States, health outcomes can vary widely. True False
TRUE
In the case of a stroke caused by blockage, what test is used to help determine the source of blockage?
The carotid arteries are examined for atherosclerotic plaques.
What is the characteristic feature of asthma?
The lining of the airways is chronically inflamed and swollen.
Which of the following statements about diet sodas (soft drinks) are true? Multiple select question. They are highly acidic. They do not contain sugar. They lower blood pressure and cholesterol. They contain mold inhibitors. They protect the kidneys.
They are highly acidic. They do not contain sugar. They contain mold inhibitors.
In general, which statements about unhealthy foods are true? (Choose every correct answer.) They are not as heavily advertised. They are more readily available. They are easy to grow at home. They are less expensive.
They are more readily available. They are less expensive.
What are reasons weight-loss drugs are not recommended for anyone who is obese? Multiple select question. They can be inexpensive. They can have side effects. They stimulate the appetite. They are rarely effective. They require medical supervision.
They can have side effects. They require medical supervision.
Identify a true statement about the proponents of genetically modified organisms. a)They focus on increasing the production of crops rather than protecting the environment. b)They see genetic modification as a promising agricultural technology that increases crop. c)They propose that genetic modification reduces cruelty to animals. d)They propose that biotechnology increases biodiversity.
They see genetic modification as a promising agricultural technology that increases crop.
Which of the following are characteristics of longer-acting benzodiazepine drugs, such as Restoril and Doral? Multiple select question. They are natural supplements. They suppress deep sleep. They are addictive. They decrease memory. They induce REM sleep.
They suppress deep sleep. They are addictive. They decrease memory.
*Brightly colored fruits and vegetables and nuts and seeds are high in important antioxidants. true false
True
Which of the following is NOT among the steps you should take to protect yourself from infectious diseases? Avoid touching your face or mouth. Use antibiotics frequently. Manage stress. Get an annual flu shot and booster vaccines.
Use antibiotics frequently.
Which of the following are good practices for microwaving food in plastic? Multiple select question. Vent the container. Use older containers; they're less likely to have harmful chemicals. Check for a "microwave safe" label. Don't allow plastic wrap to touch food.
Vent the container. Check for a "microwave safe" label. Don't allow plastic wrap to touch food.
What are recommended practices to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases? Multiple select question. Take antibiotics at least once a year. Wash your hands frequently. Cover your cough. Avoid touching your face or mouth.
Wash your hands frequently. Cover your cough. Avoid touching your face or mouth.
Which of the following would be best for producing alertness and increasing productivity? a 60-minute nap at 2 p.m. a 15-minute nap at 3 p.m. a 10-minute nap at 7 p.m. a 90-minute nap at 10 a.m.
a 15-minute nap at 3 p.m. nap recommend 15 - 45 minutes
Which of the following are major risk factors associated with suicide? a family history of suicide low blood pressure a previous suicide attempt chronic lack of adequate sleep
a family history of suicide a previous suicide attempt
A fully grown adult with a body mass index that is 18.5 to 24.9 would probably be considered ______. obese underweight a healthy weight overweight
a healthy weight
What is anaphylactic shock? a sudden bacterial infection a condition caused by dehydration a life-threatening allergic reaction a response to rapid changes in body temperature
a life-threatening allergic reaction
Developing muscular endurance requires exercising at ______ intensity for a longer period of time. a higher a variable an equivalent a lower
a lower
What causes trichomoniasis? a protozoan a virus a yeast a bacterium
a protozoan
Skipping workouts is likely to result in which of the following? a reduction in lean muscle mass lower muscle insulin sensitivity a greater decrease in strength than in endurance a lower body-fat percentage
a reduction in lean muscle mass lower muscle insulin sensitivity a greater decrease in strength than in endurance
You are disturbed by a noise in the other room. As a result, your hearing becomes more attuned to the activity. Your increase in hearing function is an example of ______. a stress response being depressed having a type A personality returning to homeostasis
a stress response
According to the Stages of Change Model, what are three characteristics of the precontemplation stage for changing a specific behavior? (Select all that apply.) a) You have no motivation to change the behavior. b)You do not see a reason to change the behavior. d)You do not acknowledge that you have the behavior. e)You intend to take action within the next six months to change the behavior.
a) You have no motivation to change the behavior. b)You do not see a reason to change the behavior. d)You do not acknowledge that you have the behavior.
The World Health Organization's definition of health focuses on which of the following? a) a person's state of physical, mental, and social well-being b) a person's DNA and hereditary factors c) the absence of disease and infirmity d) a person's individual concept of wellness
a) a person's state of physical, mental, and social well-being
Which of the following is not a factor associated with good health? a) an extremely low body weight b) an acceptable body mass index c) fat distribution that does not pose any risk for illness d) absence of any medical conditions that would suggest a need for weight loss
a) an extremely low body weight
Maria feels a sense of belonging based on the cultural and linguistic features she has in common with a particular group of people who share her ancestry. In this sense, Maria has established a(n) ______ identity. a) ethnic b) gender-based c) racial d) class
a) ethnic
The socioecological model of health and wellness emphasizes the interrelationships between individuals and their environment. What are some of the environmental factors it takes into consideration? a) the built environment b) community resources c) relationships with other people d) the skills of the individual
a) the built environment b) community resources c) relationships with other people
Which of the following statements about minerals in foods are correct? Multiple select question. a)A balanced diet provides the essential minerals a body requires. b)They are naturally occurring inorganic substances. c)They are organic substances. d)They help build strong bones and teeth. e)Mineral supplements, in addition to eating foods with minerals, are recommended by the USDA.
a)A balanced diet provides the essential minerals a body requires. b)They are naturally occurring inorganic substances. d)They help build strong bones and teeth.
Which of the following are true regarding air irritants? Multiple select question. a)Air irritants can disrupt sleep. b)Poor ventilation can aggravate the effects of air irritants. c)Air irritants include pet dander, pollen, and cigarette smoke. d)Dust mites do not impact air quality, but they can cause itchy eyes.
a)Air irritants can disrupt sleep. b)Poor ventilation can aggravate the effects of air irritants. c)Air irritants include pet dander, pollen, and cigarette smoke.
Which of the following are true regarding air irritants? Multiple select question. a)Air irritants can disrupt sleep. b)Dust mites do not impact air quality, but they can cause itchy eyes. c)Air irritants include pet dander, pollen, and cigarette smoke. d)Poor ventilation can aggravate the effects of air irritants.
a)Air irritants can disrupt sleep. c)Air irritants include pet dander, pollen, and cigarette smoke. d)Poor ventilation can aggravate the effects of air irritants.
Which of the following statements regarding Candida albicans are true? Multiple select question. a)Candida albicans is a natural fungus present in the vagina of most women. b)Prescription and over-the-counter treatments are available for a Candida albicans. c)Overgrowth of Candida albicans is referred to as a yeast infection. d)Candida albicans is usually acquired through sexual intercourse.
a)Candida albicans is a natural fungus present in the vagina of most women. b)Prescription and over-the-counter treatments are available for a Candida albicans. c)Overgrowth of Candida albicans is referred to as a yeast infection.
What can consumers do to influence the nature and quality of foods available to them, even though advertising may strongly promote unhealthy products? a)Complain about or refuse to buy unhealthy products depicted in ads. b)Make an effort to shop only for items that are sale. c)Refuse to buy products recommended by medical professionals. d)Purchase only store brands.
a)Complain about or refuse to buy unhealthy products depicted in ads.
Which of the following statements about fitness video games (exergames) are true? (Choose every correct answer.) a)Exergames allow you to track the calories you burn while playing the games. b)Exergaming is an ideal replacement for outdoor play and physical activity. c)People using exergames are likely to engage in more social activity during a workout than the average person. d)Exergames may change a person's attitudes about physical activity.
a)Exergames allow you to track the calories you burn while playing the games. d)Exergames may change a person's attitudes about physical activity.
Which of the following statements about fitness video games (exergames) are true? (Choose every correct answer.) a)Exergames may change a person's attitudes about physical activity. b)Exergaming is an ideal replacement for outdoor play and physical activity. c)People using exergames are likely to engage in more social activity during a workout than the average person. d)Exergames allow you to track the calories you burn while playing the games.
a)Exergames may change a person's attitudes about physical activity. d)Exergames allow you to track the calories you burn while playing the games.
How do social connections influence your weight? a)If your friends maintain a healthy weight, you tend to do the same. b)If your fiends get fit, you tend to get depressed and gain weight. c)If your friends gain or lose a great deal of weight, your weight is more likely to stabilize. d)If your friends gain weight, it motivates you to lose weight.
a)If your friends maintain a healthy weight, you tend to do the same.
Which of the following statements are true about human papillomavirus? Multiple select question. a)It can lead to cervical cancer. b)It is the most common STI in the United States. c)There is a cure. d)There are more than 100 strains. e)It is the least common STI in the United States.
a)It can lead to cervical cancer. b)It is the most common STI in the United States. d)There are more than 100 strains.
Which of the following statements about mindfulness meditation are TRUE? Multiple select question. a)It helps people regulate their attention. b)It leads to a sense of body awareness. c)There is only one way to meditate. d)Meditation must be done alone.
a)It helps people regulate their attention. b)It leads to a sense of body awareness.
Which of the following statements are true of acute inflammatory response? Multiple select question. a)It is the body's initial reaction to tissue damage. b)It consists of a simple cellular event. c)It decreases blood flow to the site. d)It increases blood flow to the site.
a)It is the body's initial reaction to tissue damage. d)It increases blood flow to the site.
Which of the following are true regarding methods of transmission for HIV? Multiple select question. a)It is transmitted through intimate contact. b)It can be found in an infected person's sweat. c)It can be found in an infected person's blood. d)It is transmitted through casual contact.
a)It is transmitted through intimate contact. c)It can be found in an infected person's blood.
Which of the following is an example of someone with health literacy skills? a)Mr. Z is on prescription medication for blood pressure. He checks online to learn about possible side effects and risks. b)Mr. X has insurance but chooses to pay cash at the urgent care clinic for his medical needs. c)Miss W decides to take a diet pill she sees advertised in a television commercial because it is guaranteed. d)Mrs. Y is on four different prescription medications prescribed by four different specialists who have no contact with one another.
a)Mr. Z is on prescription medication for blood pressure. He checks online to learn about possible side effects and risks.
Which of the following should you do to control air quality to aid in sleep? Multiple select question. a)Open bedroom windows at least weekly. b)Sleep in a small, enclosed space. c)Vacuum twice a week just before bedtime. d)Replace air filters every three months.
a)Open bedroom windows at least weekly. d)Replace air filters every three months.
Which of the following statements best describes research about the fascia and its functions? a)Research on facia has only recently begun and there is no body of empirical evidence as of yet. b)Massage of the fascia helps the body rid itself of toxins. c)There is research to support the claim that there is a neural connection between the muscles and the brain that signals the muscles to relax.
a)Research on facia has only recently begun and there is no body of empirical evidence as of yet.
The 2010 Affordable Care Act requirements regarding restaurant menu labels include which of the following? a)Restaurants with more than twenty locations must provide calorie labeling on their menus. b)Information about fat and sodium content are required on the restaurant menu labels. c)All of the ingredients used at the restaurant must be listed on the restaurant menu labels. D)All ingredients must be listed on the restaurant menu labels. e)A list of suggested exercises to burn off the calories consumed must be listed on the labels.
a)Restaurants with more than twenty locations must provide calorie labeling on their menus.
Which of the following is an example of community health? a)a town's decision to build a neighborhood recreational park b)a grocery store's requirement that all its employees live within the local community c)a company's enforcement of a no-smoking policy in its office
a)a town's decision to build a neighborhood recreational park
Which of the following tests can be used to determine whether a stroke has occurred? Multiple select question. an electrocardiogram an MRI an echocardiogram a CT scan
an MRI a CT scan
Which of the following are reasons insurance companies should expand coverage of obesity prevention programs? a)Rising health care costs mean it is in everyone's best interest to promote obesity prevention. b)There is evidence that obesity is associated with risks of many medical conditions. c)Studies have shown insurance companies could reap high profits by targeting obese individuals for treatments. d)The medical community is highly supportive of quick fixes for obesity but cannot prescribe them without support from insurance companies.
a)Rising health care costs mean it is in everyone's best interest to promote obesity prevention. b)There is evidence that obesity is associated with risks of many medical conditions.
Which of the following are true regarding self-injury? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. a)Self-injury seems to be equally prevalent among men and women. b)Self-injury always starts with an accidental injury. c)Self-injury is the same as a suicide attempt. d)It is not limited by race, ethnicity, or education.
a)Self-injury seems to be equally prevalent among men and women. d)It is not limited by race, ethnicity, or education.
Which of the following statements about fungi are true? Multiple select question. a)Several kinds of fungi cause infection in human beings. b)Fungal infections frequently spread from person to person. c)Fungi reproduce by budding or making spores. d)Yeasts and molds are types of fungi that can cause infection in human beings
a)Several kinds of fungi cause infection in human beings. c)Fungi reproduce by budding or making spores. d)Yeasts and molds are types of fungi that can cause infection in human beings
Which of the following statements are true about bacterial vaginosis? Multiple select question. a)Symptoms include vaginal discharge. b)It is an alteration of the normal vaginal flora. c)The causes are well known and understood. d)Symptoms include a pleasant, floral odor.
a)Symptoms include vaginal discharge. b)It is an alteration of the normal vaginal flora.
*Which of the following statements about changing one's lifestyle to be more active is FALSE? a)The termination stage comes when an individual becomes unable to do the activity. b)Self-assessment is critical in the preparation stage. c)When you have been physically active almost every day for at least 6 months, you are in the maintenance stage. d)Goal setting is essential in the action stage.
a)The termination stage comes when an individual becomes unable to do the activity.
Which of the following statements regarding the thyroid gland are correct? a)The thyroid gland produces a hormone that is involved in metabolism. b)The activity of the thyroid can lead to weight gain but not weight loss. c)The thyroid gland is located in the pancreas. d)The thyroid gland is located in the neck.
a)The thyroid gland produces a hormone that is involved in metabolism. d)The thyroid gland is located in the neck.
Which of the following statements about congenital heart defects are true? a)There are many types of congenital heart defects. b)Congenital heart defects can cause blood to flow in the wrong direction in the heart. c)Congenital heart defects do not cause harm in someone who is a competitive athlete. d)Congenital heart defects can affect the heart valves.
a)There are many types of congenital heart defects. b)Congenital heart defects can cause blood to flow in the wrong direction in the heart. d)Congenital heart defects can affect the heart valves.
What best describes the relationship between gluten sensitivity and thyroid disease? a)There is no clearly established link, but there are specific steps you can take to determine if you may have gluten-related thyroid issues. b)If you have celiac disease, your thyroid is almost certainly affected. c)The supposed link, long purported by some, has been disproven by research.
a)There is no clearly established link, but there are specific steps you can take to determine if you may have gluten-related thyroid issues.
Which of the following are true of mentally healthy people? Multiple select question. a)They are comfortable with other people. b)They try to control stress levels. c)They do not fear commitment. d)They do not accept imperfections in themselves.
a)They are comfortable with other people. b)They try to control stress levels. c)They do not fear commitment.
What are some characteristics of safe and effective sleep medications? Multiple select question. a)They are not addictive. b)They can be taken at various doses. c)They do not wear off quickly. d)They have no serious side effects.
a)They are not addictive. b)They can be taken at various doses. d)They have no serious side effects.
What could happen if people have too little body fat? a)They would not be able to produce hormones. b)Their hearts would operate more efficiently. c)They would produce too many hormones. d)They would gain a lot of weight to compensate for their fat deficits.
a)They would not be able to produce hormones.
Which of the following statements regarding surgical options for weight loss are true? Multiple select question. a)Typical weight loss after surgery is greater than weight loss with medication. b)Gastric surgery is recommended for treating diabetes and hypertension in people who are not overweight or obese. c)Surgery is recommended for anyone with a BMI of 10 or higher. d)Gastric surgery should not be used as a first-line approach to obesity.
a)Typical weight loss after surgery is greater than weight loss with medication. d)Gastric surgery should not be used as a first-line approach to obesity.
Which of the following statements are true about viral STDs? Multiple select question. a)Viral STIs cause only temporary infections. b)Viral STIs cannot be cured. Symptoms of STIs can be treated. c)Vaccines are an option in some cases.
a)Viral STIs cause only temporary infections. c)Vaccines are an option in some cases.
Which of the following questions should consumers ask before using herbal and dietary supplements for weight loss? a)What are the potential risks and side effects of the product? b)Is there a celebrity endorsement of this product? c)Is there data to support the claims that this product works? d)Do the proven benefits (if any) outweigh the risk and side effects? e)Can I take these supplements instead of exercising?
a)What are the potential risks and side effects of the product? c)Is there data to support the claims that this product works? d)Do the proven benefits (if any) outweigh the risk and side effects?
In the Stages of Change Model, which of the following would not occur in the contemplation stage of behavior change, prior to proceeding onto the next stage of change? a)avoiding environments that trigger unhealthy behavior b)trying to understand the problem c)weighing the pros and cons of change d)thinking that you should make a change in the near future
a)avoiding environments that trigger unhealthy behavior
Which of the following stressors is a particularly common cause of stress among nontraditional college students, such as those who return to school after a long hiatus? a)balancing school with work or family obligations b)uncertainty about the future c)being away from home for the first time d)sleep deprivation
a)balancing school with work or family obligations
Mae is starting a new dieting plan, which requires her to monitor her behavior and record information in a notebook every half-hour. Because the excessive amount of recording is somewhat unrealistic, it is likely to ______. a)be an obstacle to achieving her goal b)make her more committed to achieving her goal c)be followed without any lapses d)fit in easily with her established routines
a)be an obstacle to achieving her goal
What are some of the consequences of sleep deprivation? (Choose every correct answer.) a)being less sociable with friends b)routine daily activities remain unaffected c)difficulty in dealing with stress d)dangerous episodes of microsleeps
a)being less sociable with friends c)difficulty in dealing with stress d)dangerous episodes of microsleeps
Cooling down with a low-intensity activity after a workout enables ______. a)blood vessels to return to their normal size to prevent blood from pooling the in the extremities b)heavier, more rapid breather to occur and the respiratory system to work harder c)muscles to stretch further to increase the body's flexibility d)the heart to pump faster to carry nutrients through the blood
a)blood vessels to return to their normal size to prevent blood from pooling the in the extremities
The preparation stage includes ______. a)building your skill set b)avoiding environments that trigger the unhealthy behavior c)realizing you have a problem d)weighing the pros and cons of making a change
a)building your skill set
How can people monitor portion sizes to regulate caloric intake? Multiple select question. a)by reading the calorie counts on menus b)by using larger plates and glasses c)by dividing prepackaged food into smaller containers d)by reading serving sizes on food labels
a)by reading the calorie counts on menus c)by dividing prepackaged food into smaller containers d)by reading serving sizes on food labels
What is the principal way that people who use injected drugs can reduce their risk of being infected by HIV? a)by using sterile needles b)by avoiding needle exchange programs c)by using syringes that have a space where blood can collect d)by sharing needles with others
a)by using sterile needles
According to Kübler-Ross, when a person believes they are in the process of dying, the person passes through five stages. Which of the following is the linear order originally presented by Kübler-Ross? a)denial and isolation; anger; bargaining; depression; acceptance b)depression; bargaining; anger; denial and isolation; acceptance c)denial and isolation; bargaining; depression; anger; acceptance d)anger; denial and isolation; bargaining; depression; acceptance
a)denial and isolation; anger; bargaining; depression; acceptance
Which of the following are the five stages identified by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross that dying people experience? a)denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance b)rejection, isolation, explosion, grief, depression c)isolation, anger, grief, denial, rejection d)bargaining, sadness, anger, disbelief, individualism
a)denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
The Healthy People 2030 initiative emphasizes the need to reduce ______. a)differences in health outcomes between populations b)public health expenditures c)the cost of fresh produce at grocery stores d)the use of antibiotics as a first response to disease
a)differences in health outcomes between populations
Which of the following are common conditions of neurodevelopmental disorders? a)difficulty with social skills b)difficulty with behavior control c)hallucinations and bizarre ideas d)limitations with learning
a)difficulty with social skills b)difficulty with behavior control d)limitations with learning
In terms of controllable risk factors, which of the following have a positive impact on reducing your risk of infection? Multiple select question. a)eating a balanced diet b)getting enough sleep c)exercising 3 or more hours a day d)eating an 800-calorie diet e)keeping vaccinations up-to-date
a)eating a balanced diet b)getting enough sleep e)keeping vaccinations up-to-date
Of the following, the best type of website on which to research health issues is one that is sponsored by a(n) a)educational institution. b)commercial health organization. c)individual. d)drug company.
a)educational institution.
In order to participate in psychotherapy, a person seeking help needs to ______. a)form a positive interpersonal relationship with a licensed therapist b)talk about their feelings with a close friend or family member c)read at least three books on the latest popular therapies d)write down their symptoms and research them on the internet.
a)form a positive interpersonal relationship with a licensed therapist
The most important aspect of a sleep schedule in terms of limiting sleep debt is ______. a)going to bed at the same time each night b)waking up before 8 a.m. each morning c)alternating bedtimes by about one hour each night d)getting up at the same time each morning
a)going to bed at the same time each night
Eliminating avoidable social and economic practices and policies that create barriers to improving the health of certain demographic groups leads to: a)health equity. b)all groups having the same health outcome. c)healthcare malpractice in those groups. d)health discrimination.
a)health equity.
When comparing rural and urban populations in the United States, rural populations have higher rates of which of the following? a)heart disease b)drug addiction c)cancer d)obesity e)diabetes
a)heart disease c)cancer d)obesity
Which of the following, in early childhood, can improve body composition and reduce the risk of obesity later in life? Multiple select question. a)maintenance of regular sleep patterns b)breastfeeding c)regular engagement in mentally challenging activities d)avoidance of sugar-sweetened beverages
a)maintenance of regular sleep patterns b)breastfeeding d)avoidance of sugar-sweetened beverages
According to the CDC, who should be regularly (annually or even more often) tested for HIV? Multiple select question. a)men who have sex with men b)anyone getting tested for other STIs c)anyone in a monogamous d)relationship intravenous drug users
a)men who have sex with men b)anyone getting tested for other STIs d)relationship intravenous drug users
Which of the following patterns of illness suggest a genetic link? Multiple select question. a)multiple members of the same side of the family experiencing the same disease b)the presence of disease in family members who have good health habits c)a grandmother with an early onset of Alzheimer's disease d)a brother who develops lung cancer from smoking
a)multiple members of the same side of the family experiencing the same disease b)the presence of disease in family members who have good health habits c)a grandmother with an early onset of Alzheimer's disease
Which of the following are examples of public policies that restrict individual choice? a)national gun control laws b)seatbelt requirements c)the right to free speech d)nutritional label requirements
a)national gun control laws b)seatbelt requirements
Effective ways to reduce salt intake include which of the following? Multiple select question. a)not adding salt in cooking or at the table b)increasing the proportion of whole foods relative to processed foods in your diet c)switching from regular soda to diet soda d)purchasing packaged foods that say "low sodium" e)regularly eating canned soups instead of homemade
a)not adding salt in cooking or at the table b)increasing the proportion of whole foods relative to processed foods in your diet d)purchasing packaged foods that say "low sodium"
The basic definition of health literacy refers to one's ability to a)obtain and successfully use health information. b)navigate the health care system successfully. c)describe symptoms to a doctor. d)achieve maximum wellness.
a)obtain and successfully use health information.
Which of the four perceptions of the Health Belief Model ties individual health choices to whether the person thinks they are at risk for a problem? a)perceived susceptibility b)perceived seriousness of consequences c)perceived barriers to taking action d)perceived benefits of specific action
a)perceived susceptibility
Which of the following groups are at relatively high risk of infection for gonorrhea? Multiple select question. a)persons who have exchanged sex for money or drugs b)persons in a monogamous sexual relationship c)women under 25 who have had more than two sex partners in a year d)persons with a history of gonorrhea episodes
a)persons who have exchanged sex for money or drugs c)women under 25 who have had more than two sex partners in a year d)persons with a history of gonorrhea episodes
For which of the following groups is Overeaters Anonymous generally best suited? Multiple select question. a)persons with emotional issues related to weight b)binge eaters c)persons who want to buy prepackaged meals d)persons who have 10 pounds or fewer to lose
a)persons with emotional issues related to weight b)binge eaters
Fad diets typically label products as "good" or "bad," and they often typically ______. Multiple select question. a)prescribe foods that allegedly burn fat b)require the elimination of one of the basic food groups c)use scientific research to support the diet d)encourage users to buy the most inexpensive foods possible e)urge people to eat and exercise the same ways they always do
a)prescribe foods that allegedly burn fat b)require the elimination of one of the basic food groups
What can individuals do to achieve a higher level of emotional intelligence? Multiple select question. a)recognize and understand their emotions b)motivate themselves c)manage their emotions d)experiment with various risky behaviors
a)recognize and understand their emotions b)motivate themselves c)manage their emotions
Which of the following is a way in which you can improve your chances of success during the action stage of the Stages of Change model? a)rewarding yourself for change b)minimizing the amount of time and effort put toward change c)avoiding friends and family d)visiting environments that tempt unhealthy behavior
a)rewarding yourself for change
Inadequate sleep affects the immune system by doing which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. a)suppressing the production of cells that fight infections b)reducing the body's overall blood volume c)triggering the production of cells that fight infection d)increasing the production of cells that cause inflammation
a)suppressing the production of cells that fight infections d)increasing the production of cells that cause inflammation
Congestive heart failure occurs when ______. a)the heart is not pumping as well as it should b)the heartbeat starts to slow down c)the heart stops beating d)blood pressure drops too low
a)the heart is not pumping as well as it should
What are the two functions of vaccination? Multiple select question. a)to protect the community b)to alter the human genome c)to protect the individual d)to eradicate diseases completely
a)to protect the community c)to protect the individual
Which of the following occur during the contemplation stage of the Stages of Change Model? a)weighing the pros and cons of making a change b)recognizing you have a problem behavior c)rewarding yourself for change d)maintaining the behavior change you accomplished
a)weighing the pros and cons of making a change b)recognizing you have a problem behavior
Which of the following occur during the contemplation stage of the Stages of Change Model? Multiple select question. a)weighing the pros and cons of making a change b)maintaining the behavior change you accomplished c)rewarding yourself for change d)recognizing you have a problem behavior
a)weighing the pros and cons of making a change d)recognizing you have a problem behavior
Daily hassles, such as arguments and car problems, can cause health problems when a)you don't have a period of recovery. b)they coincide with a major stressful life event. c)you forget to take an anti-anxiety medication. d)they occur infrequently.
a)you don't have a period of recovery.
Homocysteine is a(n) _____ that circulates in the blood and may damage the lining of blood vessels.
amino acid
At the onset of menopause, fat distribution shifts to the ______. abdomen arms thighs hips
abdomen
At the onset of menopause, fat distribution shifts to the ______. hips arms thighs abdomen
abdomen
For most adults, both men and women, there is an ongoing gradual decrease in lean mass and an increase in body fat mass and a redistribution of body fat toward what area? thighs abdomen hips extremities (arms and legs)
abdomen
The two subdivisions of the immune system are the innate immune system and the ___________ immune system, which is a specialized response system.
acquired
The body's ability to mobilize the cellular memory of an attack by a pathogen to throw off subsequent attacks is called ______. innate immunity natural immunity acquired immunity autoimmunity
acquired immunity
What does the acronym AIDS signify? autonomous infection syndrome acquired immunodeficiency syndrome anti-inflammatory sickness acute immunity sickness
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are ______.
active during daytime, inactive at night
*In which of the following would a response to a stressor continue for a longer period than would normally be expected? bipolar disorder post-traumatic stress disorderacute stress disorder adjustment disorder
adjustment disorder
What is the most important noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
age
Which of the following are risk factors for Type 2 diabetes? Multiple select question. height age abdominal fat race physical inactivity
age race abdominal fat physical inactivity
What information should a family health tree include for deceased relatives? place of birth number of siblings place of death and burial age and cause of death
age and cause of death
Exercise is especially beneficial for people with disabilities since immobility or inactivity may ______. trigger dangerous levels of dehydration aggravate the original disability lead to cognitive disorders increase the risk for secondary health problems
aggravate the original disability increase the risk for secondary health problems
Although the various chronic lung diseases have different causes and treatments, they are all characterized by ______.
airway obstruction and shortness of breath
At a well-attended social event, your roommate approaches and confronts you in a hostile manner in front of your friends. What phase of general adaptation syndrome will you first experience? conservation exhaustion alarm resistance
alarm
Under the ______ effect, the body attempts to make up for lost REM sleep. congestive alcohol rebound premature dawn early sleep pattern
alcohol rebound
Which of the following are characteristics of mentally healthy people? Multiple select question. altruistic highly dependent on others realistic high self-esteem
altruistic realistic high self-esteem
Proteins are created from various types of ______ acids. citric hydrochloric amino fibrous
amino
A change in the normal pattern of the heartbeat is called ______. myocardial infarction angina arrhythmia aortic dissection
arrhythmia
An irregular heartbeat is called ______. angina arrhythmia cardiovascular disease pulmonary circulation
arrhythmia
Coronary heart disease is sometimes called coronary ______ disease. capillary blockage artery vascular
artery
Deep breathing has been proven to help with the following except ______. arthritis panic attacks fatigue headaches
arthritis
Deep breathing has been proven to help with the following except ______. panic attacks headaches arthritis fatigue
arthritis
The most common chronic lung condition is ______.
asthma
The two most common chronic lung diseases are ______. Multiple select question. influenza chronic bronchial emphysema chronic obstructive pulmonary disease asthma
asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary
he two components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are ______. Multiple select question. chronic bronchitis asthma lung worm emphysema
asthma emphysema
To improve your cardiorespiratory function, experts recommend that you exercise ______. once every two weeks at least twice a week once a week immediately when you wake up
at least twice a week
Smoking contributes to the development of ______ by damaging the inner lining of the arteries.
atherosclerosis
What is the process by which arteries become hard and stiff as a result of too much pressure? lesions angina atherosclerosis congenital heart disease
atherosclerosis
What is the process by which arteries become hard and thickened due to buildup of cholesterol and other substances on their walls? atherosclerosis arrhythmia fatty deposits hypertension
atherosclerosis
Which of the following are examples of gene mutations that are neither beneficial nor harmful? (Choose every correct answer.) sickle-cell disease cystic fibrosis attached or detached earlobes eye color
attached or detached earlobes eye color
Jamie is an impulsive 7-year-old who is constantly in motion and has an extreme inability to focus. After evaluation, Jamie is diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Of the following, which is the most likely diagnosis? bipolar disorder autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) obsessive-compulsive disorder
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Which of the following best exemplifies someone who chooses societal responsibility over individual choice? a)Bill does not wear a helmet when he rides his bike because he finds them uncomfortable. b)Eduardo decides not to smoke in his backyard because there are children playing next door. c)Samantha doesn't believe in having cats fixed, so her cats have had three dozen kittens. d)Ernie is a morning person and he wants the neighborhood to look good, so he mows his lawn at 6 a.m. while next-door neighbors are trying to sleep.
b)Eduardo decides not to smoke in his backyard because there are children playing next door.
Which of the following statements regarding the cognitive benefits of exercise are accurate? Multiple select question. a)Studies show that excessive exercise can damage cognitive functioning and cause memory loss. b)Evidence shows aerobic exercise may help prevent cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's. c)Inactive individuals are 10 times as likely to develop Alzheimer's. d)Some studies suggest exercise might be beneficial to the brain.
b)Evidence shows aerobic exercise may help prevent cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's. d)Some studies suggest exercise might be beneficial to the brain.
Which of the following are true of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. a)Symptoms occur at the same time that brain abnormalities form. b)It is the most common psychotic disorder. c)Its symptoms include hallucinations and disordered thinking. d)It typically affects men and women late in life.
b)It is the most common psychotic disorder. c)Its symptoms include hallucinations and disordered thinking.
Which statements about rituals that mark the death of a loved one are true? Multiple select question. a)They are remarkably similar across cultures. b)Many are designed for the living, not the dead. c)They are always somber occasions. d)They are designed to help bereaved people move on with their lives.
b)Many are designed for the living, not the dead. d)They are designed to help bereaved people move on with their lives.
Which of the following are true regarding chlamydia? a)Screening for chlamydia is unnecessary. b)Rates of infection are increasing in the United States. c)Young men are at greatest risk for chlamydia. d)It is the most commonly reported bacterial STI.
b)Rates of infection are increasing in the United States. d)It is the most commonly reported bacterial STI.
Which of the following are true regarding the effects of stress on the immune system? a)Scientific evidence supports the belief that stress boosts immune function. b)Stress decreases immune function. c)There have been no conclusive studies on the effects of stress on the immune system. d)Brief stressors have no impact on the immune system.
b)Stress decreases immune function.
Which of the following statements regarding front-of-package (FOP) food labels are accurate? a)The FDA requires a standardized look for FOP labels. b)The FDA does not have strict control over FOP labels. c)FOPs provide standardized nutritional information. d)FOPs are tightly regulated by the FDA.
b)The FDA does not have strict control over FOP labels.
In which of the following ways do hormones play a role in appetite and energy expenditure? Multiple select question. a)They cause foods to taste bad. b)They act in the brain to signal when to finish eating. c)They adjust metabolic rate. d)They close the intestines during digestion. e)They monitor stomach fullness.
b)They act in the brain to signal when to finish eating. c)They adjust metabolic rate. e)They monitor stomach fullness.
Which of the following are true about infections? Multiple select question. a)They always result in death. b)They are caused by microorganisms. c)They are considered an illness if they interfere with your lifestyle. d)they are caused by macroorganisms.
b)They are caused by microorganisms. c)They are considered an illness if they interfere with your lifestyle.
Which of the following are functions of vitamins? Multiple select question. a)They provide necessary electrolytes to the body. b)They help maintain components of the immune, nervous, and skeletal systems. c)They hydrate the cells of the body. d)They aid chemical reactions in the body. e)They serve as catalysts for releasing energy from carbohydrates.
b)They help maintain components of the immune, nervous, and skeletal systems. d)They aid chemical reactions in the body. e)They serve as catalysts for releasing energy from carbohydrates.
Which of the following statements are correct about very-low-calorie diets (with a daily intake of 800 calories or less) for treating obesity? Multiple select question. a)They are for patients who have a BMI from 10 to 20. b)They should last for no more than 8 to 12 weeks. c)They should only be attempted under a doctor's supervision. d)They should not be used by persons with health risks from obesity.
b)They should last for no more than 8 to 12 weeks. c)They should only be attempted under a doctor's supervision.
What is the relationship between restrictive diets and weight loss? a)Restrictive diets generally create long-term weight loss. b)When people leave restrictive diets, they tend to gain weight. c)Scientists support restrictive diets for losing weight. d)Restrictive diets cause people to gain weight on the diets but lose weight once they leave them.
b)When people leave restrictive diets, they tend to gain weight.
Identify the common sources of stress for college students. Multiple select question. a)Adapting to new technologies on campus b)Worries about money c)Relationship concerns d)Remembering how to study e)Sleep deprivation
b)Worries about money c)Relationship concerns e)Sleep deprivation
Which of the following are true about getting more fit and experiencing progress in your training? Multiple select question. a)People in their twenties generally adapt to a cardiorespiratory activity workload in four or five months. b)You need to increase activity workload from time to time. c)You should maintain the same level of workout to experience progress. d)It takes older people longer to achieve progress and adapt to a workload.
b)You need to increase activity workload from time to time. d)It takes older people longer to achieve progress and adapt to a workload.
What causes coronary ischemia? a)a general weakening of the heart muscle b)a narrowing of the coronary arteries c)a weakening and stretching of the wall of a coronary artery d)dilution of the blood
b)a narrowing of the coronary arteries
What causes coronary ischemia? a)a general weakening of the heart muscle b)a narrowing of the coronary arteries c)dilution of the blood d)a weakening and stretching of the wall of a coronary artery
b)a narrowing of the coronary arteries
Adam's sister lectures him daily about the threat his smoking poses to his health. She argues that, if he quits, he would improve both his health and his athletic performance. Adam knows his sister is right, but according to the Stages of Change Model, he will actually quit smoking when he reaches the a)contemplation stage. b)action stage. c)precontemplation stage. d)preparation stage.
b)action stage.
Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Scale to ______. a)evaluate how children adapt to new social situations b)assess the impact of stressful events on illnesses c)make a list of the most common stressors for teenagers
b)assess the impact of stressful events on illnesses
Which of the following belong to the action stage of the Stages of Change Model? (Choose every correct answer.) a)denying you need to change b)beginning to avoid triggers for unhealthy behavior c)changing your behavior d)keeping your behavioral changes to yourself
b)beginning to avoid triggers for unhealthy behavior c)changing your behavior
What are characteristics of a healthy body weight? a)muscular system that can lift three times the body's weight b)body composition with an acceptable amount of fat c)acceptable body mass index d)fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness e)absence of medical conditions that suggest a need for weight loss
b)body composition with an acceptable amount of fat c)acceptable body mass index d)fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness e)absence of medical conditions that suggest a need for weight loss
How can local governments promote healthy foods? a)by subsidizing the production of all foods b)by making loans cheaper for supermarkets in underserved areas c)by setting aside land for community gardens d)by providing tax breaks for stores selling healthy food
b)by making loans cheaper for supermarkets in underserved areas c)by setting aside land for community gardens d)by providing tax breaks for stores selling healthy food
What is the most effective way for consumers to promote the availability of healthier food in stores? a)by defacing advertisements for unhealthy food b)by not buying unhealthy food c)by trying not to watch any fast-food advertising d)by growing their own healthy food
b)by not buying unhealthy food
Which of the following are likely to negatively affect immune system performance? Multiple select question. a)exercising at moderate intensity b)caring for someone with a chronic illness c)taking exams d)practicing meditation
b)caring for someone with a chronic illness c)taking exams
A sleep schedule of ______ helps ensure adequate rest and ensures that you awaken more easily. a)six hours every night b)eight hours every night c)six to seven hours four nights a week d)seven to eight hours three nights a week
b)eight hours every night
When doing strength training, you should exercise ______. a)only the upper body if you are using free weights b)every muscle group regardless of what type of weights you are using c)all muscles only if you are using weight machines d)only the lower body if you are using weight machines
b)every muscle group regardless of what type of weights you are using
Which of the following are healthy behavior choices? a)eating fast food b)getting enough sleep c)skipping health checkups d)developing meaningful relationships
b)getting enough sleep d)developing meaningful relationships
Community health refers to activities intended to improve the health outcomes of people who ______. a)speak the same language b)live in the same geographic region c)share the same cultural or religious values d)are of the same age
b)live in the same geographic region
A symptom of insomnia is experiencing less than 15 ______. a)minutes of wakefulness before falling asleep b)minutes of deep/slow-wave sleep c)total awakenings per night d)dreams per night
b)minutes of deep/slow-wave sleep
MyPlate promotes which of the following in comparison to current general eating patterns in the United States? Multiple select question. a)less consumption of whole grains b)more consumption of vegetables and fruits c)more consumption of legumes d)less consumption of added sugars
b)more consumption of vegetables and fruits c)more consumption of legumes d)less consumption of added sugars
Lack of sleep has been linked to obesity because sleep-deprived individuals experience which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. a)more time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep b)more food cravings c)slower metabolism d)imbalances between the hormones that increase and suppress appetite
b)more food cravings c)slower metabolism d)imbalances between the hormones that increase and suppress appetite
A person who has limitations of learning and difficulty with social skills and behavior control is most likely to be suffering from a ______ disorder. a)psychotic b)neurodevelopmental c)major depressive d)generalized anxiety
b)neurodevelopmental
The inferior and superior vena cava carry ______ a)oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right ventricle of heart b)oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of heart c)oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs d)oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart
b)oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of heart
Which of the following are policies that can reduce the negative effects of low socioeconomic status on health outcomes? a)drinking age restrictions b)parental-leave legislation c)speed limits d)minimum-wage requirements
b)parental-leave legislation d)minimum-wage requirements
Even though many jobs have become less physically demanding, people are subject to stress associated with which of the following? Multiple select question. a)more vacation and sick time b)pressure to check email and voice mail while on vacation c)longer workdays d)expectations to bring work home
b)pressure to check email and voice mail while on vacation c)longer workdays d)expectations to bring work home
Which of the following are included in the preparation stage of the Stages of Change Model? (Choose every correct answer.) a)outwardly modifying your behavior b)setting goals and a start date c)weighing the pros and cons of behavior change d)looking for tools to help support the change
b)setting goals and a start date d)looking for tools to help support the change
Which of the following describes a SMART goal in the context of weight management? a)setting a goal that you want to achieve in two or three decades b)setting specific guidelines to achieve a specific goal c)setting the goal to be healthier in general d)setting a goal that you hope happens in your life
b)setting specific guidelines to achieve a specific goal
An overactive thyroid gland can cause a person to lose weight because it ______. a)decreases the size of the stomach b)speeds up a person's metabolism c)slows down a person's metabolism d)produces cortisol to boost the appetite
b)speeds up a person's metabolism
Which of the following are elements of health literacy? (Choose every correct answer.) a)the ability to prescribe your own medication b)the ability to navigate the health care system c)the ability to diagnose your own medical problems without research or consulting a doctor d)the ability to understand health information e)the ability to understand medical instructions
b)the ability to navigate the health care system d)the ability to understand health information e)the ability to understand medical instructions
which of the following are goals of the Healthy People 2030 initiative? a)to promote the use of medication over the use of other forms of treatment b)to avoid preventable diseases c)to decrease the number of rivers and lakes for recreational activities d)to promote quality of life across every stage of life e)to achieve health equity for all groups and individuals
b)to avoid preventable diseases d)to promote quality of life across every stage of life e)to achieve health equity for all groups and individuals
Which of the following are purposes that rituals surrounding death serve? Multiple select question. a)to reinforce the fear of death in society at large b)to help bereaved people move on with their lives c)to help mourners forget the deceased d)to help mourners grieve
b)to help bereaved people move on with their lives d)to help mourners grieve
In the United States, what has reduced the transmission of HIV from an HIV-infected mother to her child? a)vaccinating the mother before the second trimester of pregnancy b)treating the mother with antiretroviral medications during pregnancy c)encouraging mothers with HIV to breastfeed their infant children d)treating the fetus with hemoglobin
b)treating the mother with antiretroviral medications during pregnancy
Which of the following are recommended methods for reducing the effects of bedroom allergens on sleep? Multiple select question. a)keep at least one light on while sleeping b)use protective mattress pads c)keep bedroom temperature as high as you can stand d)wash bed linens frequently
b)use protective mattress pads d)wash bed linens frequently
*Obese people who were bullied for being overweight in childhood ______. a)earn less than one-third of what healthy weight people earn b)will also face discrimination as adults c)tend to earn more than their healthy weight counterparts d)are treated equally in adulthood
b)will also face discrimination as adults
Which of the following statements about health risks is FALSE? a)A health risk is the probability of exposure to a hazard that can result in negative consequences. b)Health risks include factors such as age, gender, family history, income, and education. c)All health risks can be avoided. d)By definition a health risk involves the probability or likelihood of an event occurring.
c)All health risks can be avoided.
*Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of cerebrovascular disease is FALSE? a)Clot-dissolving medications can decrease the damage caused by a stroke. b)Clot-dissolving medications can restore blood flow to the brain. c)Clot-dissolving medications can be used for all types of strokes. d)Surgery is sometimes necessary to control bleeding and decrease pressure in the brain.
c)Clot-dissolving medications can be used for all types of strokes.
Why do health experts prefer the term sexually transmitted infection instead of sexually transmitted disease? a)The term disease carries a negative connotation, and health experts do not want patients to feel ashamed. b)Health experts want to emphasize the infectious nature of sexually transmitted infections. c)Diseases are infections that have symptoms, and sexually transmitted infections often have no symptoms.
c)Diseases are infections that have symptoms, and sexually transmitted infections often have no symptoms.
Sam wants to lose weight and be healthy. Spending time with which of the following of his friends would most likely help him reach his goal? a)Ty, who loves to watch sports but does not play them because of a physical disability b)Aaron, who is physically inactive but stays naturally thin c)Gavin, who plays three sports, runs, and lifts weights everyday d)Ashanti, who is overweight and spends much of the day playing video games
c)Gavin, who plays three sports, runs, and lifts weights everyday
Which of the following statements about the association between sleep and health is FALSE? a)Natural immune system moderators increase during deep sleep to promote resistance to viral infections. b)Growth and repair of the body's tissues occurs during sleep, which helps to prevent certain types of cancer. c)Good nutrition and exercise are more important to a healthy lifestyle than sleep. d)Sleep deprivation and sleep disorders are associated with heart attacks and obesity.
c)Good nutrition and exercise are more important to a healthy lifestyle than sleep.
Which of the following is the recommended approach to deep breathing for relaxation? a)Breathe in deeply through the mouth, keeping the abdomen sucked in so that only the shoulders rise, before exhaling through the nose. b)Take five small breaths in through the mouth, then hold for 20 seconds before one long exhale through the nose. c)Inhale slowly through the nose, letting the abdomen expand, and exhale through the nose and mouth after 10 seconds. d)Inhale through the mouth as forcefully as possible, then hold your breath for as long as you can before slowly exhaling through the nose.
c)Inhale slowly through the nose, letting the abdomen expand, and exhale through the nose and mouth after 10 seconds.
*Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding treatments for asthma? a)Inhaled steroids work locally within the bronchioles to reduce inflammation. b)Flu shots are recommended when viruses and infections act as triggers. c)Inhaled steroids are used during asthma attacks. d)Bronchodilators help reduce asthma symptoms.
c)Inhaled steroids are used during asthma attacks.
Which of the following are reasons smoking disrupts sleep? Multiple select question. a)It makes throat muscles even more relaxed than during normal sleep. b)It prevents REM sleep from occurring until the nicotine has been absorbed. c)It causes swelling of the mucous membranes lining the throat. d)It causes congestion in the nose.
c)It causes swelling of the mucous membranes lining the throat. d)It causes congestion in the nose.
Which of the following statements are true of the acquired immune system? Multiple select question. a)The white blood cells of the acquired immune system do not circulate in the bloodstream. b)The cells of the acquired immune system have no memory and thus treat each pathogen as a new pathogen. c)It develops as you are exposed to potential infections and vaccinations. d)The important white blood cells of the acquired immune system are lymphocytes.
c)It develops as you are exposed to potential infections and vaccinations. d)The important white blood cells of the acquired immune system are lymphocytes.
Which of the following statements about cultured meat is accurate? a)It does not yet have FDA approval. b)It looks like meat but doesn't really taste like meat, which is a turnoff for consumers. c)It is made from animal cells and not from plant-based products that do not contain animal tissue. d)It has not been well received by environmental and animal welfare advocacy groups because it still uses animal sources.
c)It is made from animal cells and not from plant-based products that do not contain animal tissue.
Which of the following statements about cultured meat is accurate? a)It has not been well received by environmental and animal welfare advocacy groups because it still uses animal sources. b)It does not yet have FDA approval. c)It is made from animal cells and not from plant-based products that do not contain animal tissue. d)It looks like meat but doesn't really taste like meat, which is a turnoff for consumers
c)It is made from animal cells and not from plant-based products that do not contain animal tissue.
Which of the following statements are true about trichomoniasis? Multiple select question. a)It is transmitted by contaminated food. b)Genital warts are its main symptom. c)It is transmitted sexually. d)Sexual partners of infected people must be treated.
c)It is transmitted sexually. d)Sexual partners of infected people must be treated.
Which of the following are true regarding chlamydia? Multiple select question. a)Screening for chlamydia is unnecessary. b)Young men are at greatest risk for chlamydia. c)Rates of infection are increasing in the United States. d)It is the most commonly reported bacterial STI.
c)Rates of infection are increasing in the United States. d)It is the most commonly reported bacterial STI.
What happens during an allergic reaction? Multiple select question. a)The immune system is unable to identify any foreign substances. b)The body does not respond when a harmless foreign substance is identified as an infectious agent. c)The body mounts a full-blown immune response. d)The immune system identifies a harmless foreign substance as an infectious agent.
c)The body mounts a full-blown immune response. d)The immune system identifies a harmless foreign substance as an infectious agent.
Which statement about the "use by" date of packaged food is true? a)The food reaches its prime after the "use by" date. b)The food is still edible after the "use by" date. c)The food is no longer safe to eat beyond the "use by" date. d)The food is potentially fatally toxic if eaten more than a few days past the "use by" date.
c)The food is no longer safe to eat beyond the "use by" date.
Which of the following statements are true about genital herpes? Multiple select question. a)It is the most common STI in the United States. b)It is a curable disease. c)The strain of virus that causes genital herpes can also infect the mouth. d)It is caused by the herpes simplex virus.
c)The strain of virus that causes genital herpes can also infect the mouth. d)It is caused by the herpes simplex virus.
Which of the following statements about gene mutations is true? a)They are responsible for limiting human diversity. b)They are limited to allele duplication. c)They are passed on from generation to generation. d)They are not inheritable by future generations.
c)They are passed on from generation to generation.
Which of the following statements are true of soft tissue injuries? a)It is safe to return to a full exercise program before the injuries have healed. b)They should immediately be treated with medication. c)They include tears, sprains, and strains. d)A specific activity incident usually causes them.
c)They include tears, sprains, and strains. d)A specific activity incident usually causes them.
What could happen if people have too little body fat? a)They would produce too many hormones. b)They would gain a lot of weight to compensate for their fat deficits. c)They would not be able to produce hormones. d)Their hearts would operate more efficiently.
c)They would not be able to produce hormones.
*Which of the following is true regarding the genetics of obesity? a)The risk of becoming obese increases slightly if one's parents are not obese. b)For most people, obesity involves a single gene. c)Twin studies support a genetic tendency toward obesity. d)Adopted children tend to be similar in weight to their adoptive parents.
c)Twin studies support a genetic tendency toward obesity.
How does sleep deprivation influence weight control? a)The less you sleep the more weight you lose because you use less energy. b)Sleep deprivation has little effect on children but dramatically affects adults. c)When you sleep too little, you eat energy-dense foods and gain weight. d)The less you sleep, the more likely you are to be physically active and lose weight.
c)When you sleep too little, you eat energy-dense foods and gain weight.
What information found in a family health tree indicates that a disease might have a genetic link? a)appearance of a disease in one family member b)presence of a disease in family members with poor health habits c)a family member with multiple cancers d)onset of a disease at a late age
c)a family member with multiple cancers
Which of the following is a description of muscular strength? a)a muscle's capacity to exert force repeatedly or to sustain strength over a certain span of time b)a muscle's capacity to move through an extended range of motion c)a muscle's capacity to exert force against resistance in a single, all-out effort d)a muscle's capacity to move as quickly as possible from one point to another
c)a muscle's capacity to exert force against resistance in a single, all-out effort
Your genogram, or family health tree, is which of the following? a)a comparison of environmental factors affecting the health of family members b)a calendar that reminds family members when to schedule routine medical appointments c)a visual representation of your family's genetic and health history d)a description of what your ideal health should be
c)a visual representation of your family's genetic and health history
High-intensity interval training (HIT) is ______. a)the use of electrical stimuli to contract muscles b)an exercise program that alternates between a week of intense aerobic exercise and a week of flexibility exercise c)a workout that switches between hard and easy exercise levels d)a form of sustained high-level aerobic exercise
c)a workout that switches between hard and easy exercise levels
Gene mutations are important because they ______. a)take place only within stem cells b)cause the majority of health conditions c)allow for human diversity d)increase similarities between people
c)allow for human diversity
Cardiorespiratory fitness is important because it a)blocks the body's glands from producing hormones. b)rests the heart and lungs while exercises are performed. c)allows the blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to the body. d)stretches the small muscles of the body.
c)allows the blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to the body.
According to the stages of change model, which of the following would be the mostappropriate way of viewing change? a)as a straight line traveling in only one direction b)as a never-ending circle c)as a series of steps going both up and down d)as an impenetrable wall
c)as a series of steps going both up and down
Sleep apps can benefit users in which of the following ways? Multiple select question. a)by increasing their production of growth hormones b)by prolonging their sleep stages 3 and 4 c)by evaluating the quality of their sleep d)by waking them at the ideal time
c)by evaluating the quality of their sleep d)by waking them at the ideal time
In which two ways can a family health tree help you improve your own health? Multiple select question. a)by eliminating the possibility of inheriting certain genetic disorders b)by improving knowledge of different occupations c)by helping to identify potential risks d)by illustrating familial patterns of health and illness
c)by helping to identify potential risks d)by illustrating familial patterns of health and illness
In which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model does an individual intend to change a specific health behavior within the next six months? a)action b)preparation c)contemplation d)precontemplation
c)contemplation
in which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model does an individual intend to change a specific health behavior within the next six months? a)preparation b)action c)contemplation d)precontemplation
c)contemplation
Genes turn on or off to regulate the activity of a)RNA. b)multifactorial disorders. c)differentiation. d)mutation.
c)differentiation.
Which of the following best defines stressors? a)the inability to manage stressful situations b)a reliance on self-medicating to get through the day c)events or agents in the environment that cause stress da)n abnormal state of the body, mind, and emotions
c)events or agents in the environment that cause stress
To improve his time management, Tyler has compiled a to-do list of things that have been on his mind. Which of the following items is likely to have the highest priority? a)purchasing a newly released pair of sneakers b)calling a friend he hasn't spoken to in a while c)finishing the essay due at the end of the day d)buying supplies for tomorrow's birthday party
c)finishing the essay due at the end of the day
Which of the following is part of the positive psychology movement? a)emphasizing mental illness and problems b)focusing on fixing one character flaw at a time c)focusing on positive emotions d)emphasizing identification of what makes you unhappy
c)focusing on positive emotions
Public health efforts include both ______. a)social and genetic factors b)providing medical care and forbidding risky behavior c)health promotion and disease prevention
c)health promotion and disease prevention
What do the letters in FITT represent? Multiple select question. a)the organs in the body that benefit from exercise b)initials from the names of famous fitness trainers c)how often and how intensely you exercise d)the types and duration of exercise you do
c)how often and how intensely you exercise d)the types and duration of exercise you do
Adults who sleep _______ are at higher risk for obesity. a)with a bed partner b)during the day rather than at night c)less than seven hours d)more than ten hours
c)less than seven hours
If you keep a steady weight, your hormones ______. a)are actively trying to increase your calorie intake and b)decrease your energy expenditure c)maintain your food intake and energy expenditure to within 10 calories of each other d)maintain a separation between your food intake and energy output of approximately 2,000 calories e)are blocked from influencing your body's calorie usage
c)maintain your food intake and energy expenditure to within 10 calories of each other
The 1990s were called the "decade of the brain" because ______. a)stem cell research led to the first lab-grown brain tissue b)the public became aware of and increasingly concerned about brain damage caused by high-impact sports c)medical imaging technologies improved our understanding of brain structure and functions d)several new and deadly diseases of the brain began to spread among humans
c)medical imaging technologies improved our understanding of brain structure and functions
Exercising after you study can help you remember what you learn by ______. a)lowering levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine b)pruning the branching of nerve cells in the brain c)mimicking strong emotion d)raising body temperature to kill memory-blocking pathogens
c)mimicking strong emotion
Which of the following is a tip for moving forward from the precontemplation stage of the Stages of Change Model? a)weighing pros and cons for making a change b)searching for solutions c)noting discrepancies between your behaviors and your goals d)rewarding yourself
c)noting discrepancies between your behaviors and your goals
Susan knows that changing her eating behavior will help her reduce the risk of obesity. To which of the four perceptions of the Health Belief Model does this correspond? a)perceived seriousness of consequences b)perceived susceptibility c)perceived benefits of specific action d)perceived barriers to taking action
c)perceived benefits of specific action
What distinguishes a mental disorder from a psychological problem? a)family history of mental disorders b)willingness to seek treatment c)persistent symptoms of pain or disability d)feelings of sadness, loneliness, or discouragement
c)persistent symptoms of pain or disability
The "Best if used by" date on food packaging is ______. a)a legal mandate stating when food must be discarded b)a scientifically determined date when spoilage will occur c)the date of peak food quality d)the last date the food is safe to eat
c)the date of peak food quality
In the FITT principle, one T stands for type and the other stands for ______. a)ten, the maximum number of minutes you should exercise each day b)Tuesday and Thursday, the two most important days to exercise c)time, or how long you should exercise d)the temperature at which you should exercise
c)time, or how long you should exercise
The study of happiness, as part of the positive psychology movement, focuses on ______. a)comparative metrics about "your" happiness as compared to "others'" happiness b)increasing longevity c)what makes life worth living d)how to achieve perfect happiness
c)what makes life worth living
Which of the following have been shown to increase the likelihood of acid reflux? Multiple select question. caffeinated beverages citrus fruits and juices high-protein foods tomato-based products
caffeinated beverages citrus fruits and juices tomato-based products
Surgical treatments for weight loss ______. frequently lead to the development of hypertension can improve or eliminate diabetes are not safe for anyone with a BMI over 30 are recommended for anyone with a BMI over 25
can improve or eliminate diabetes
Healthy people who walk 10,000 steps per day ______. will lose five pounds per week do not get Type 2 diabetes are immune from heart attack and stroke can maintain their weight
can maintain their weight
Strains of human papillomavirus that are associated with cervical ________ are called high-risk strains and include HPV-16 and HPV-18.
cancer
Red meat consumption is linked to which of the following? Multiple select question. cancer anemia heart disease low blood pressure diabetes
cancer heart disease diabetes
Jogging, cycling, swimming, and aerobic dance are all activities that lead to improvement of this type of fitness cardiothoracic cardiorespiratory ambulatory uneven surface
cardiorespiratory
The ______ system consists of the heart and blood vessels, which together move blood throughout the body. pulmonary coronary cardiopulmonary cardiovascular
cardiovascular
The collective term for various diseases of the heart and blood vessels is ______ disease. cardiovascular systemic circulation pulmonary heart
cardiovascular
Consuming diet sodas (soft drinks) in comparison to regular sodas ______. a)carries a higher risk of kidney problems b)significantly lowers the risk of metabolic syndrome c)helps prevent tooth decay d)has better health outcomes due to metabolic changes
carries a higher risk of kidney problems
Which of the following situations has NOT been shown to transmit HIV between individuals? anal intercourse vaginal intercourse oral intercourse casual contact, such as holding hands or hugging
casual contact, such as holding hands or hugging
Blocked blood flow to the brain results in a stroke, or ______. cardiovascular accident cerebrovascular accident cardiovascular disease sudden cardiac death
cerebrovascular accident
The ____________ of infection is the process by which an infectious agent passes from one organism to another.
chain
The erector spinae, gluteus maximums, hamstrings, trapezius, posterior deltoids, and gastroc/soleus complex muscles together form the posterior ____
chain
Signs of a heart attack may include discomfort in which of the following? chest jaw feet toes
chest jaw
The waxy, fatty substance that is necessary in small amounts in the body but can be dangerous at high levels is called ______. lumen cholesterol serum lipoprotein
cholesterol
Tiny hairlike structures that protect the lungs by rhythmically pushing foreign particles up and out of the lungs are called ______. mucous membranes cilia lymph nodes flagella
cilia
Mayor Stevenson has signed an agreement that creates a walking trail connecting major shopping areas in her town. This is an example of ______. consumer education agricultural subsidization tax reduction community planning
community planning
ectoparasites
complex organism that usually live on the host's skin ex: fleas/ticks/lice
A structural defect of the heart that is present at birth is called ________ heart disease.
congenital
*What is the condition in which the heart does not pump blood as well as it should and blood and fluid back up into the lungs? congestive heart failure rheumatic heart diseasecardiomyopathy congenital heart disease
congestive heart failure
Pilates is a popular set of exercises that are designed to strengthen the ______. arms legs core shoulders
core
Stability balls, resistance cords, and Pilates are all used in ______ training. Multiple choice question. speed flexibility weight core-strength
core-strength
Functional strength training is another name for ______. core-strength training cardiorespiratory training neurological training outer-limb training
core-strength training
Obese people have an increased risk for which of the following health problems? Multiple select question. coronary heart disease anorexia high blood pressure Parkinson's disease
coronary heart disease high blood pressure
What is the term for a blood clot that blocks an artery, which can lead to a heart attack? coronary heart disease coronary thrombosis ischemia aneurysm
coronary thrombosis
When people are considering familiar food choices, they are mostly influenced by factors such as taste, convenience, and ______. sound cost popularity status
cost
Which of the following are symptoms of asthma? Multiple select question. irregular heart beat coughing shortness of breath wheezing high glucose levels
coughing shortness of breath wheezing
Critics of genetic modification argue that such modification ______. increases biodiversity could destroy natural ecosystems is not possible to achieve is kinder to animals
could destroy natural ecosystems
Critics of genetic modification argue that such modification ______. is not possible to achieve could destroy natural ecosystems is kinder to animals increases biodiversity
could destroy natural ecosystems
Which of the following are examples of self-injury, or self-harm? Multiple select question. cutting burning head banging meditation
cutting burning head banging
Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis B and hepatitis C is FALSE? a)Transmission of hepatitis C requires introduction directly into the bloodstream. b)Hepatitis B and C cause inflammation of the liver. c)Hepatitis B can be transmitted by sexual intercourse. d)A vaccine is currently available to prevent hepatitis C.
d)A vaccine is currently available to prevent hepatitis C.
People should avoid mixing energy drinks with alcohol because the mixture ______. a)is caustic and will burn throats b)permanently damages taste buds c)robs bodies of vitamin C and causes vitamin deficiencies d)disguises the effects of the alcohol and makes drinkers feel sober
d)disguises the effects of the alcohol and makes drinkers feel sober
Which of the following most closely represents the main idea of the Stages of Change Model of behavior change? a)Once you make a particular change, you will never go back to your previous health status. b)It is impossible for humans to make lasting and substantial changes to their overall health. c)You can pick and choose which stage or stages you want to go through for a given behavior change. d)As you change your behavior, you move forward and backward through distinct stages.
d)As you change your behavior, you move forward and backward through distinct stages.
What did the FDA have to say about cryotherapy in 2016? a)It can be effective but only within very strict age and weight limits. b)It is most effective when used in a targeted area rather than a full-body approach. c)It is best used for anti-aging treatment rather than weight loss. d)It is not supported by empirical evidence and may not be safe.
d)It is not supported by empirical evidence and may not be safe.
*Which of the following statements about vitamins and minerals is FALSE? a)Consuming excessive amounts of vitamins or minerals can lead to toxicity. b)Two types of vitamins exist: fat-soluble and water-soluble. c)Vitamins and minerals are both micronutrients. d)Minerals are organic substances; vitamins are inorganic.
d)Minerals are organic substances; vitamins are inorganic.
Which of the following statements about the relationship between pain and sleep is true? a)A person who experiences chronic pain is likely to spend more time in sleep stages 3 and 4. b)Pain leads to sleep deprivation, which reduces the body's ability to feel pain. c)People who suffer from chronic pain fall asleep more easily and sleep longer but have less restful sleep. d)Pain causes interrupted sleep, which in turn makes people more sensitive to pain.
d)Pain causes interrupted sleep, which in turn makes people more sensitive to pain.
Which of the following statements about the effects of caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine on sleep is FALSE? a)Poorer sleep and restlessness occur later in the night as a result of alcohol. b)Alcohol has been shown to reduce the amount of time it takes to fall asleep. c)A single cup of coffee may double the amount of time it takes an average adult to fall asleep. d)People who smoke one pack of cigarettes a day have been shown to sleep more deeply than nonsmokers.
d)People who smoke one pack of cigarettes a day have been shown to sleep more deeply than nonsmokers.
Who of the following exemplifies sedentary behavior? a)Leo takes a three-hour nap. b)Marvin walks a 5K race while his friends run. c)Cyndy sleeps over twelve hours per night. d)Rick lies on the couch and texts his friends.
d)Rick lies on the couch and texts his friends.
How do pain medications, such as morphine and codeine, affect sleep? a)They make sleep more restorative by suppressing vivid dreams. b)They have generally positive effects, making sleep easier to achieve and more restorative. c)They make sleep longer but less restful by preventing stage 3 or 4 sleep. d)They make sleep more fragmented and increase the likelihood of insomnia.
d)They make sleep more fragmented and increase the likelihood of insomnia.
What are the two current classes of prescription weight-loss drugs? a)Weight-loss drugs that affect men and those that affect women. b)Weight-loss drugs that act in the brain and those that change the emotions. c)Weight-loss drugs that are available in drug stores and those that are not. d)Weight-loss drugs that act in the brain and those that act in the body.
d)Weight-loss drugs that act in the brain and those that act in the body.
Which of the following describes muscular endurance? a)a muscle's capacity to move as quickly as possible from one point to another b)a muscle's capacity to move through an extended range of motion c)a muscle's capacity to exert force in a single, all-out effort d)a muscle's capacity to exert force repeatedly or to sustain strength over a certain span of time
d)a muscle's capacity to exert force repeatedly or to sustain strength over a certain span of time
What is the key feature of psychotherapy, or counseling? a)the use of small group communication in an anonymous setting b)the prescribing of antipsychotic or antidepressant medications c)an emphasis on patients healing themselves without guidance from others d)a positive interpersonal relationship between the patient and the counselor
d)a positive interpersonal relationship between the patient and the counselor
Variations in health outcomes between racial groups are most strongly tied to ______. a)discriminatory and misleading treatment of minority groups by medical researchers b)cultural practices and preferences within each racial group c)biological and genetic differences between races d)a social structure that provides unequal access to resources
d)a social structure that provides unequal access to resources
A person with an "optimistic explanatory style" is most likely to view problems or failures as ______. a)a sign of deep personal flaws b)someone else's fault c)a signal from the universe to pursue something else d)a temporary and specific challenge or opportunity
d)a temporary and specific challenge or opportunity
According to the socioecological model of health and wellness, which of the following is/are a factor in a person's natural physical environment? a)access to health care services b)housing c)sanitation systems d)air quality
d)air quality
Optimistic people tend to have ______ than those with a more pessimistic outlook on life. a)more pain and depression b)a lower level of resilience c)more limited opportunities for growth d)better physical and mental health
d)better physical and mental health
The amount of typical body fat in a normal, healthy person ______. a)does not differ by gender, since everyone should have 15 percent body fat b)is usually higher for elite athletes c)should be from 40 to 50 percent d)can differ according to a person's gender
d)can differ according to a person's gender
The Stages of Change Model of health behavior change emphasizes that a)change occurs only when the environment supports it. b)people change only when faced with an illness. c)changes are more effective when based on personal perceptions. d)change happens as a process.
d)change happens as a process.
What is an example of nonexercise activity thermogenesis? a)hiking a wooded trail on the weekend b)running two miles every morning c)lifting weights in the gym d)climbing stairs to get to your classes
d)climbing stairs to get to your classes
You observe your roommate is having trouble balancing college coursework with an active social life, and wants to implement some time-management techniques. Which of the following is most likely to help? a)eliminating all activities they do not enjoy, regardless of how they fit into the bigger picture b)avoiding activities that make one feel good about oneself c)pursuing activities suggested by their teachers or mentors, even if they don't seem important or meaningful d)focusing on activities that help advance their sense of purpose in life
d)focusing on activities that help advance their sense of purpose in life
Which public health issue is NOT listed as a priority in the Healthy People initiative? a)injury and violence b)oral health c)tobacco d)health on school campuses
d)health on school campuses
A defining characteristic of diabetes is ______. a)a low blood alcohol level when drinking b)improved circulation and kidney function c)increased levels of red blood cells in the blood d)high levels of glucose in the bloodstream
d)high levels of glucose in the bloodstream
A workout in the cardio program called high-intensity interval training (HIT) ______. a)forces a person to achieve maximum heart rate repeatedly b)involves at least one hour of continuous hard exercise c)allows the body to get used to one optimal level of exercise effort d)incorporates ten sets of short-duration hard exercises followed by easy exercises
d)incorporates ten sets of short-duration hard exercises followed by easy exercises
The main difference between acute and chronic stress is that acute stress ______. a)can be treated with relaxation techniques, while chronic stress requires medication b)causes physical symptoms, while chronic stress is only psychological c)is negative, whereas chronic stress is positive d)is temporary, whereas chronic stress is ongoing
d)is temporary, whereas chronic stress is ongoing
The experience of weight discrimination ______. a)decreases men's wages and increases women's wages b)drives people to be higher earners c)is generally limited to children d)leads to behaviors that increase obesity
d)leads to behaviors that increase obesity
Transient ischemic attacks result in ______. a)bleeding in the space between the brain and skull b)the development of heart arrhythmias c)sudden cardiac death d)little to no tissue death
d)little to no tissue death
Once you have achieved a satisfactory level of cardiorespiratory fitness, continuing the same level of workout would ______. a)diminish your ability to balance b)create dramatic weight loss even if you eat unhealthy foods c)allow you to gain muscle mass d)maintain your current fitness level
d)maintain your current fitness level
To combat obesity, the U.S. surgeon general has challenged schools to ______. a)allow students to have access to prescription weight-loss drugs b)allow junk food on school grounds c)require students to have two hours of physical education every day d)promote healthy, balanced meals
d)promote healthy, balanced meals
*The right ventricle of the heart a)pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body. b)receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs. c)receives oxygen-poor blood from the body. d)pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
d)pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
To maximize the benefit of sleep apps, users should ______. a)limit sleep to under six hours to facilitate analysis b)wake throughout the night to check the data c)keep phone notifications turned on during the night d)share the data with a health provider
d)share the data with a health provider
To reduce sleep interruptions caused by a bed partner's body movements, partners should ______. a)exercise within three hours of going to bed b)have a glass of wine before bed c)have different sleep schedules d)sleep on a firm mattress
d)sleep on a firm mattress
Breast cancer, prostate cancer, dementia, Alzheimer's, and other health problems have been associated with ______. a)taking one or more naps during the day b)sleeping more than 10 hours per night c)going to bed after midnight d)sleeping fewer than seven hours per night
d)sleeping fewer than seven hours per night
Which of the following has been shown to reduce the likelihood of heartburn or acid reflux at bedtime? a)eating something high in fat 2 or 3 hours before bed b)going to bed before midnight c)raising the head of the bed 6 to 8 inches d)sleeping in a separate bed from your partner
d)sleeping in a separate bed from your partner
*All of the following indicate a healthy body weight EXCEPT a)a weight within an acceptable range for one's height. b)a fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness. c)a weight within the common range for one's age group. d)the absence of medical conditions that suggest a need for weight loss.
d)the absence of medical conditions that suggest a need for weight loss.
When practicing visualization, you should ______. a)focus on reliving a stressful memory b)always have someone there to provide reassurance c)make sure to describe the scene out loud d)try to identify all the perceptible qualities of the scene
d)try to identify all the perceptible qualities of the scene
Front-of-package food labels ______. a)must be approved by the FDA b)simplify information by using three basic icons c)are prohibited from providing information about nutritional content d)use more than a dozen symbols and logos
d)use more than a dozen symbols and logos
Which of the following is a symptom of sleep apnea? a)having intense dreams and/or nightmares b)having periods of non-breathing during sleep c)taking longer than 45 minutes to fall asleep d)waking to go to the bathroom multiple times per night
d)waking to go to the bathroom multiple times per night
The larger the portion size, the ______. a)better people become at estimating how much they are eating b)lower the likelihood that something can be considered supersized c)higher the likelihood that people will lose weight eating such portions d)worse people become at estimating how much they are eating
d)worse people become at estimating how much they are eating
*Many communities are adopting public policies and passing laws that encourage physical activity. true false
true
prions
organism believed to consist entirely of protein ex: bovine spongiform (mad cow disease) / Creutzfeldt Jakob disease / kuru
severe asthma
daily symptoms that place extreme limits on normal activities
Which of the following contribute to declining sleep quality among older adults? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. longer periods of REM sleep heightened senses declining hormone production irregular body temperature
declining hormone production irregular body temperature
An advantage of ellipticals for exercise equipment is ______. decreased impact on joints an unlimited range of motion ability to precisely calculate calories burned familiarity with their motion
decreased impact on joints
Stages of Change Model or transtheoretical model
def: framework for understanding individual health behavioral change. stages: - precontemplation: no motivation to change a behavior. you do not realize there's a problem. want ppl to quit bothering you about your behavior. discrepancies b/w your behavior/goals move to contemplation. - contemplation: realize you have problem behavior. should make change in near future (within 6 months). try to understand problem and may search for solution. weigh pros and cons for making change. self-efficacy is important bc prepare for change - preparation: pros win and have plan for change. set goals and start date. increase self-efficacy by building skill set and find tools to help support change -action: implement behavior change. commit time and energy to make it work. you support efforts to change by rewarding yourself for change, avoid environments that trigger the unhealthy behavior, enlist help of friends and family -maintenance: doing new behavior for at least 6 months. working to prevent yourself from falling back into old habits. ongoing stage that can last long time -termination: new behavior become part of life and have no temptation to return old behavior and 100 percent confidence in ability to maintain new behavior
Scientists have discovered that, just before puberty, a growth spurt takes place in the ______ of the brain, the part where "executive functions" are controlled. corpus callosum cerebellum frontal cortex amygdala
frontal cortex
_____ is a rare form of dementia, but it is the second most common form of dementia in people under age 65, and its usual age of onset is between 45 and 54.
frontotemporal dementia
Based on the sweetness scale, which of the following sugars is the most likely to contribute to health problems such as heart disease and diabetes? glucose maltose fructose lactose
fructose
Which of the following categories of food are rich in fiber? Multiple select question. fruits fat meat dairy vegetables
fruits vegetables
Glucose can be stored as a complex carbohydrate that is used for future energy needs. This complex carbohydrate is known as dextrose. hydrogen. albumen. glycogen.
glycogen.
If both of your parents are obese, you have a ______. 0 percent chance of being obese decreased likelihood of being obese greater likelihood of being obese 100 percent chance of being obese
greater likelihood of being obese
blood _____ refers to how hard blood pushes against the walls of the arteries.
pressure
Fats in the diet do which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins add flavor and texture to food provide material for cell membranes prevent food spoilage
help in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins add flavor and texture to food provide material for cell membranes
Stress can lead people to store an increased amount of fat in their abdomens because of the consistent presence of adrenaline and cortisol, which are two types of ______. hormones blood cells digestive acids neurons
hormones
Which of the following are controllable risk factors for infection? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. age hygiene diet genetics
hygiene diet
Which part of the brain activates the stress response? parasympathetic nervous system cerebral cortex hypothalamus corticoid
hypothalamus
If you exercise in excessively cold weather, you might experience dangerously low body temperature, shivering, feelings of euphoria, and disorientation. These are all symptoms of ______. sprains exhaustion hypothermia dehydration
hypothermia
What factors contribute to sleepwalking episodes? Multiple select question. illness stress fatigue eating within an hour of bedtime
illness stress fatigue
The complex set of cells, chemicals, and processes that protects the body against pathogens when they succeed in entering the body is known as the ________ system
immune
The flu shot is designed to trigger a response from the immune system and is a form of ______. elimination allergic reaction incubation immunization
immunization
The flu shot is designed to trigger a response from the immune system and is a form of ______. incubation allergic reaction elimination immunization
immunization
The process of exposing the immune system to part of an infectious agent to trigger an immune response that will be remembered by the immune system during subsequent exposures is known as ______. immunization allergic reaction acute inflammatory response infection
immunization
Consuming too many energy drinks, and therefore too much caffeine (more than 400 mg per day), can contribute to all the following except ______. nausea improved focus anxiety increased heart rate
improved focus
Benefits of a warm-up include which of the following? improved performance reduced likelihood of injury slowing of the cardiorespiratory rate decreasing contraction in the muscles
improved performance reduced likelihood of injury
The gap between wealthy and low-income individuals within a population is called income _________.
inequality
Popular weight management organizations, such as Jenny Craig, Overeaters Anonymous, TOPS, and Weight Watchers all ______. are faith-based group charge monthly fees include education and weekly support operate exclusively as online forums
include education and weekly support
Improved muscular fitness can often decrease bone mineral density. increase lean body mass. increase anxiety and depression. lead to osteoporosis.
increase lean body mass.
*All of the following are associated with low body fat levels EXCEPT increased appetite. hair loss. infertility. depression.
increased appetite.
Over time, chronic ______ caused by lack of sleep can cause damage to organs. inflammation snoring confusion drowsiness
inflammation
The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends which of the following? limit calories from added sugars increase sodium consumption focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount replace cholesterol with saturated fats
limit calories from added sugars focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount
Key nutritional guidelines for Americans include ______. Multiple select question. increasing daily intake of whole milk limiting intake of saturated and trans fats increasing salt intake reducing calorie intake
limiting intake of saturated and trans fats reducing calorie intake
The substances that carry fats through the bloodstream are called ______. cholesterols lipoproteins arteries fatty streaks
lipoproteins
What methods do health care providers use to diagnose asthma? Multiple select question. doing a lung biopsy listening to the lungs testing lung function X-raying the lungs
listening to the lungs testing lung function
A nap that is ______ is likely to leave you feeling groggy. shorter than 30 minutes longer than 45 minutes taken in the afternoon lacking stage 4 sleep
longer than 45 minutes
Which of the following is NOT an effect of sleep deprivation? lowered anger threshold reduced motivation nervousness lowered blood sugar
lowered blood sugar
During congestive heart failure, blood backs up in the ______. arms brain lungs arteries
lungs
The white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system are called ______. antibodies antigens protozoa lymphocytes
lymphocytes
Which of the following is/are NOT a physical barrier against infection? skin lysozyme cilia nasal hairs
lysozyme
Which of the following refers to the type of minerals our bodies need in daily doses of more than 100 milligrams? macrominerals metallic minerals trace minerals pseudominerals
macrominerals
Which of the following diseases and conditions have been linked to the long-term effects of unstable molecules called free radicals? Multiple select question. yellow fever tetanus macular degeneration heart disease cancer
macular degeneration heart disease cancer
One way that organic farming is beneficial to the environment is that it ______. is less expensive than conventional farming maintains biodiversity of crops depletes the Earth's resources contaminates water
maintains biodiversity of crops
Jorge has always been a top student, but for the past couple of months he no longer enjoys school and can't concentrate, so his grades are far lower than they could be. With which of the following conditions is Jorge most likely to be diagnosed? hypersomnia bipolar disorder panic disorder major depressive disorder
major depressive disorder
Which of the following is the basic information that should be provided when available for each family member in a family health tree? Multiple select question. favorite color major diseases age at death and its cause date of birth
major diseases age at death and its cause date of birth
The size acceptance movement aims to change the focus of health from weight loss to weight ______. appearance scrutiny gain management
management
The causes of asthma ______. Multiple select question. may include genetics and environment are not completely understood are primarily related to unhealthy lifestyle choices have been substantially reduced
may include genetics and environment are not completely understood
Diets that are high in which of the following are associated with high blood levels of homocysteine, a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
meat
Food wrapped in plastic or in plastic containers when microwaved may cause BPA and PHA to leach into food. This is most likely to happen in what foods? all dairy-based foods beverages and sauces (with high liquid contents) vegetables, especially root vegetables meats and cheeses
meats and cheeses
Food wrapped in plastic or in plastic containers when microwaved may cause BPA and PHA to leach into food. This is most likely to happen in what foods? meats and cheeses beverages and sauces (with high liquid contents) all dairy-based foods vegetables, especially root vegetables
meats and cheeses
Diet drugs and surgical procedures are two types of ______ strategies to treating obesity. medical psychological mental spiritual
medical
How is dementia diagnosed?
memory and brain function tests, possibly augmented by CT or MRI
According to the DSM-5, ______ disorder is a pattern of behavior in an individual that is associated with distress or disability or with significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or loss of freedom. hormonal physiological mental spiritual
mental
Miguel is a stocky, muscular young man who tends to gain muscle more easily than his roommate, Omid, who is tall and thin. What is Miguel's body type? endomorphic mesomorphic ectomorphic
mesomorphic
When our bodies transform food into nutrients and wastes, we say this food has been chemically ______. capitalized metabolized oxidized iodized
metabolized
The collection of microorganisms that live on or on a human host in a mutually beneficial way is called the human ______. genome flora and fauna microbiome immune system
microbiome
The millions of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that reside in your stomach and small and large intestines and play an active role in digestion and metabolism is your gut ______________.
microbiome
An infection is caused by a ______. pandemic reservoir placebo microorganism
microorganism
The average age of onset for major depressive disorders is the ______. late 20s mid-20s mid-40s teenage years
mid-20s
**Abdominal fat is considered a greater threat to health than hip-and-thigh fat because abdominal fat reduces lung capacity. more easily enters the bloodstream. squeezes the heart. causes lower back ailments that lead to inactivity.
more easily enters the bloodstream.
Compared with food served in fast-food outlets, foods that are prepared in the home are more likely to contain which of the following? Multiple select question. more fiber more fat less fiber less fat
more fiber less fat
In general, which of the following would not be a recommended method of stress reduction for a college student to use? relaxation techniques time management taking a long walk or bike ride munching on cookies and potato chips
munching on cookies and potato chips
Which of the following are the two main components of muscular fitness? muscular endurance less dense bones lean body mass muscular strength
muscular endurance muscular strength
The amount of work performed by muscles in a given period of time is known as ______. muscular power muscular resistance weight power kinetic yield
muscular power
Also known as weight or resistance training, strength training develops neural responses. muscular strength. blood toxicity. hormonal secretions.
muscular strength.
Which of the following occurs when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked, preventing the heart from getting enough blood? aneurysm atherosclerosis myocardial infarction coronary thrombosis
myocardial infarction
During sleep the hippocampus and the ______ work together to strengthen long-term memory. pons limbic system pineal gland neocortex
neocortex
The use of motor skills that call on your upper body, lower body, and core muscles learn to work together in ways that simulate everyday activities is called ______ training. cross neuromotor fitness muscle power aerobic neuromotor fitness
neuromotor fitness
The brain chemicals that are responsible for sending signals from one brain cell to the next are known as ______. neurons triglycerides neurotransmitters functional MRIs
neurotransmitters
Which of the following are the cells of the innate immune system? Multiple select question. neutrophils macrophages natural killer cells helper T cells
neutrophils macrophages natural killer cells
Which of the following are common symptoms of AIDS? Multiple select question. weight gain night sweats rapid weight loss memory loss increased energy
night sweats rapid weight loss memory loss
Which of the following are associated with the herpes strain that is commonly acquired in childhood? Multiple select question. easy to cure sexual transmission nonsexual transmission cold sores in and around the mouth
nonsexual transmission cold sores in and around the mouth
To gain weight, you should eat energy-dense foods, such as ______. Multiple select question. fruit vegetables nuts fish
nuts fish
According to the National Institutes of Health, 37.9 percent of Americans are considered ______. athletic underweight obese anorexic
obese
Which of the following health conditions have been associated with sleep deprivation? Multiple select question. osteoporosis obesity diabetes high blood pressure
obesity diabetes high blood pressure
Which of the following are causes of high blood pressure? (Choose every correct answer.) prolonged exercise low potassium levels obesity genetics
obesity low potassium levels
Body weight that greatly exceeds the recommended guidelines as indicated by a BMI of 30 is defined as obesity. under weight. overweight. healthy weight.
obesity.
Where do obese women in their 30s and 40s—before the onset of menopause—tend to accumulate fat? on the face on the hips and thighs in the abdominal area on the arms
on the hips and thighs
*Zander, a 27-year-old male, begins a cardiovascular training program. To achieve the maximum benefits from exercise, how often will he need to increase the intensity and duration of his workout? once a week once every two weeks once every three weeks once a month
once every two weeks
Humans spend approximately ______ of their lives asleep. one-third one-eight one-fourth one-fifth
one-third
Infections that occur when the immune system is weakened and that would not usually occur in those with healthy immune systems are known as ______. opportunistic infections sexually transmitted diseases misanthropic infections allergic reactions
opportunistic infections
In a person with AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are examples of common __________ infections.
opportunity
Which of the following is most strongly associated with better mental health? self-employment isolation intelligence optimism
optimism
Which of the following sexual behaviors are associated with the transmission of HIV? Multiple select question. casual kissing oral sex anal sex penile-vaginal sex close hugging
oral sex anal sex penile-vaginal sex
Which of the following are ways HPV can be transmitted? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. oral sex penetrative anal sex penetrative vaginal sex shared eating utensils
oral sex penetrative anal sex penetrative vaginal sex
Which of the following examples is the least effective in making daily activities more active? increasing speed when taking the dog for a walk parking the car close to your destination taking the stairs instead of elevators when going up several floors riding a bike to run errands
parking the car close to your destination
When a partner applies pressure to your muscles to produce a stretch, you are participating in ______ stretching. passive static active dormant
passive
When buying supplements, consumers should look for research that is ______. advertised on television peer-reviewed in mainstream publications endorsed by famous people produced by the manufacturer
peer-reviewed in mainstream publications
The infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries that occurs when bacteria from the vagina spread into the uterus and fallopian tubes is known as ______ inflammatory disease. vaginal cervical uterine pelvic
pelvic
The stress response is a series of ________ that occur in the face of a threat. trained behaviors irrational thoughts threatening images physiological changes
physiological changes
The muscles on your backside from your head to your feet are called the _____ chain. priapic posterior pulmonary prostrate
posterior
The muscles on your backside from your head to your feet are called the _____ chain. pulmonary posterior priapic prostrate
posterior
Proteinacious infectious particles that are thought to be responsible for a class of neurodegenerative diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalitis are called ______. rotavirus bacteria protozoa prions
prions
The pathogens responsible for mad cow disease are the least understood of the infectious agents and are known as ______. viruses prions bacteria protozoa
prions
Fad diets typically follow a pattern of altering the balance of which of the following components? (Select all that apply.) protein carbohydrates enzymes solids liquids fat
protein carbohydrates fat
The discipline that focuses on the health of the masses in contrast to the health of individuals is known as ______ health. medical private environmental public
public
The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs in a process called ______ circulation. cardiovascular pulmonary ventricular systemic
pulmonary
The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee originally developed the DASH Eating Plan to ______. reduce cholesterol relieve constipation reduce migraines reduce high blood pressure
reduce high blood pressure
What are some of the behaviors that are part of night eating syndrome? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. repeated awakening difficulty falling asleep late-night binge eating binge eating the next day
repeated awakening difficulty falling asleep late-night binge eating
How is duration measured in strength training? resistance intensity weight repetitions
repetitions
Which of the following can cause heart valve disorders? aerobic exercise rheumatic heart disease aging-related processes congenital abnormalities
rheumatic heart disease aging-related processes congenital abnormalities
Overweight and obesity can increase the ______. Multiple select question. levels of HDL cholesterol in the bloodstream chance of surviving a heart attack seriousness of cardiovascular disease risk for cardiovascular disease
risk for cardiovascular disease seriousness of cardiovascular disease
In studies of happiness, which of the following groups describe themselves as leasthappy? Multiple select question. clergy firefighters special education teachers roofers construction workers
roofers construction workers
Types of aerobic exercises that require sustained intensity with little variability in heart rate response include ______. Multiple select question. running rowing basketball tennis
running rowing
A new diet must be which of the following in order to work well? safe holistic expensive compatible
safe holistic compatible
Scotty, age 24, has withdrawn from from most social contact, stopped dressing appropriately, and often doesn't make sense when speaking to someone else. Of the available options, Scotty is most likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia. a generalized anxiety disorder. an addiction. a specific phobia.
schizophrenia.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which promotes brain health, comes mainly from ______. dairy products red meat seafood fruits
seafood
People who go through an entire day without engaging in any significant physical activity are said to have a(n) ______ lifestyle. social sedentary active hereditary
sedentary
Time spent sitting or lying down while awake is known as ______. pseudo sleep sedentary behavior green behavior mental shutdown
sedentary behavior
At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, we find ______, a concept Maslow used to refer to the fulfillment of a person's true potential. self-acceptance self-esteem self-motivation self-actualization
self-actualization
Timber tracks the food she eats and how many miles she runs each week. This is an example of ______. self-supervision social support stimulus control stress management
self-supervision
Which of the following are included on the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label? Multiple select question. servings provided serving size total calories water content
servings provided serving size total calories
What is the primary exposure risk for the majority of HIV infection cases in the United States? sexual contact contact with infected blood sharing towels with an infected person injection drug use
sexual contact
Infections that are spread from one person to another predominantly through sexual contact are ______. staphylococcal infections streptococcal infections sexually transmitted infections tick-borne infections
sexually transmitted infections
*Barbara is beginning to experience menopause. Her fat distribution will most likely shift from her hips and thighs to her abdomen. remain unchanged. shift from her abdomen to her hips and thighs. become undifferentiated.
shift from her hips and thighs to her abdomen.
Strategies for preventing overheating in extreme heat include which of the following? Multiple select question. skin wetting resting in a cool environment exerting harder than normal drinking less water
skin wetting resting in a cool environment
A period of unconscious or partially conscious rest and recovery from the demands of wakefulness is commonly referred to as ______. circulation latency sleep metabolism
sleep
Asthma attacks can be triggered by any of the following except ______.
sleep
The amount of time it takes someone to fall asleep is called ______. sleep apnea sleep hygiene sleep absorption sleep latency
sleep latency
Heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure risks are higher in individuals who ______. wake up before 6 a.m. sleep less than six hours per night sleep ten hours or more take over-the-counter sleep aids
sleep less than six hours per night
Which of the following are among Life's Simple 7? Multiple select question. healthy diet and participation in physical activity smoking status alcohol cessation healthy body mass index (BMI) healthy levels of blood pressure, blood glucose, and total cholesterol
smoking status healthy diet and participation in physical activity healthy body mass index (BMI) healthy levels of blood pressure, blood glucose, and total cholesterol
Which of the following are portals of exit for pathogens? Multiple select question. sneezing insect bites blood inhalation of droplets
sneezing blood
Which sleep-related problem is more likely to occur for smokers? acid reflux sleep paralysis sleepwalking snoring
snoring
Which sleep-related problem is more likely to occur for smokers? sleep paralysis acid reflux snoring sleepwalking
snoring
Which of the following are aerobic activities that need to be performed for longer durations before they yield the cardiorespiratory benefits of continuous sustained intensity? Multiple select question. soccer basketball running walking
soccer basketball
Essential nutrients mostly serve as ______. a)elements that make us different from animals b)sources of energy c)ways to transmit genetic material to offspring d)sources of disease
sources of energy
During heart surgery, a coronary ______, a springy framework that provides support, is often placed in the blood vessel to keep it open.
stent
One benefit of exergames and other similar fitness technology is that they ______. stimulate positive feelings about exercise encourage more face-to-face socialization make people realize that they can be healthy without technology are available at no cost
stimulate positive feelings about exercise
Identifying environmental cues associated with unhealthy eating habits and being aware of when, where, and why you are eating are examples of which behavior management tool? stimulus control stress management self-supervision cognitive restructuring
stimulus control
Identifying environmental cues associated with unhealthy eating habits and being aware of when, where, and why you are eating are examples of which behavior management tool? stress management cognitive restructuring stimulus control self-supervision
stimulus control
Which of the following is a major role of fats? regulating water content regulating body function repairing tissue storing energy
storing energy
Which of the following is a major role of fats? regulating water content storing energy repairing tissue regulating body function
storing energy
Which of the following are healthy bedtime rituals that can improve sleep? Multiple select question. taking a bath listening to soothing music watching television paying bills or other online errands
taking a bath listening to soothing music
Which of the following are body functions in which water plays an essential role? Multiple select question. temperature regulation transporting nutrients strengthening teeth lubricating moving parts
temperature regulation transporting nutrients lubricating moving parts
Which of the following conditions are overuse injuries of the soft tissue? appendicitis fracture tendinitis bursitis
tendinitis bursitis
Men and women with mesomorphic bodies have higher levels of ______ , which gives them a greater ability to build muscle.
testosterone
What is the most stressful event on the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Scale? the death of a spouse a divorce or separation from a spouse a personal injury the loss of a job
the death of a spouse
Choose MyPlate reminds Americans about maintaining balanced diets by using an illustration that features ______. the five food groups types of exercises types of cooking techniques tips for growing vegetables
the five food groups
Which of the following is the most accurate way to calculate your target heart rate? the Gulati heart rate formula the heart rate reserve method the Harvard Health Studies formula as a percentage of maximum heart rate
the heart rate reserve method or HRR
What is the cause of AIDS? the human papilloma virus the herpes simplex virus the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium the human immunodeficiency virus
the human immunodeficiency virus
The most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States is hepatitis C. the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). chlamydia. the human papillomavirus (HPV).
the human papillomavirus (HPV).
What kind of stroke is treated with clot-dissolving medications?
thrombotic
A blood clot that develops in a narrowed artery is called a(n)
thrombus
A(n) ________ is a blood clot that forms in a narrowed artery.
thrombus
A blood clot that develops in a narrowed artery is called a(n) thrombus. intracerebral hemorrhage. embolus. subarachnoid hemorrhage.
thrombus.
What part of the training principle called FITT concerns how often a person should exercise? intensity frequency type time
time
Neuromotor fitness includes prioperceptive training, which is teaching your body ______. to metabolize carbohydrates in new, more efficient ways to endure extreme physical pain to allow its different parts to function independently of the others to recognize where all of its parts are during movement
to recognize where all of its parts are during movement
The leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease is ______ use.
tobacco
A person with physiological dependence on a substance experiences a reduced sensitivity to its effects to the point that increased doses are needed to give the same high. What is this called? tolerance abuse leveling up withdrawal
tolerance
Which of the following is sometimes called a "ministroke"? subarachnoid hemorrhagic events intracerebral hemorrhagic events sudden cardiac arrhythmias transient ischemic attacks
transient ischemic attacks
**Fluid loss while exercising in the winter can be very high because the air is cold and dry and requires the body to humidify and warm it. true false
true
*A body fat percentage below a healthy range can cause health problems such as infertility, depression, and lack of menstruation. true false
true
*Data from the Centers for Disease Control suggest that every year approximately 48 million people get sick from foodborne illness. true false
true
*Food served in restaurants and fast food outlets tends to be higher in fat and total calories than food prepared at home. true false
true
*For most women who develop gestational diabetes during a pregnancy, diabetes becomes an ongoing condition. true false
true
*Gestational diabetes is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy. true false
true
*Hormones cannot be produced when the body falls below a certain body fat threshold. true false
true
*Hypothermia symptoms include shivering, feelings of euphoria, and disorientation. true false
true
The set of precautions that are designed to prevent the transmission of bloodborne infections and that include precautions such as the use of gloves and other protective wear are called _________ precautions.
universal
Cross training is a type of training that ______. involves building skills and expertise in one sport exercises one set of muscles repeatedly instead of all muscles is used exclusively for athletes with disabilities uses several types of training to reach one specific fitness goal
uses several types of training to reach one specific fitness goal
Which of the following types of exercise are designed for strength training? (Choose every correct answer.) endurance swimming using exercise resistance machines running long distances using free weights
using exercise resistance machines using free weights
Which of the following reduce risk of infection with human papillomavirus? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. birth control pills vaccination Pap testing condoms
vaccination condoms
Which of the following are types of blood vessels? Multiple select question. veins arteries atrium capillaries
veins arteries capillaries
The veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart are the superior and inferior ____ ______.
vena cava
With early treatment, and an undetectable viral load, the risk of spreading HIV is ______. reduced by about a third very low, possibly even zero reduced by about half
very low, possibly even zero
Some of the smallest and most numerous pathogens, consisting of a genome and a capsid and being unable to reproduce on their own, are known as ______. vectors viruses reservoirs bacteria
viruses
The relaxation technique known as guided imagery is also called ______. yoga mindfulness meditation bodywork visualization
visualization
Organic (carbon-containing) substances that are needed by the body in small amounts are known as ______. vitamins lipids minerals platelets
vitamins
Fast-food meals are typically low in which of the following? Multiple select question. sodium vitamins minerals fat fiber
vitamins minerals fiber
Which of the following exercises are essential for bone growth earlier in life and slowing of bone loss later in life? Multiple select question. walking weight training swimming bike riding
walking weight training
Which of the following are typical symptoms of allergic reaction to pollen or animal dander? Multiple select question. watery eyes runny nose sneezing muscle pain nausea
watery eyes runny nose sneezing
*The four components of cardiorespiratory training do NOT include frequency. weight. time. type
weight
A person's body mass index measures a person's ______ relative to his or her height. immunity flexibility weight musculature
weight
Which of the following is associated with an increased reliance on fast foods for meals? weight gain increase in calorie counting loss of sense of taste weight loss
weight gain
To gain weight in a healthy manner, you should engage in physical activity that emphasizes ______. sedentary activities aerobic movements weight training infrequent exercise
weight training
People can reduce dietary salt intake by focusing on eating ______ foods. processed whole canned spicy
whole
One of the indicators that a person has a psychological dependence on a substances is that they experience uncomfortable symptoms when substance abuse stops. What are these symptoms called? abuse phantom pain tolerance withdrawal
withdrawal
Classic heart attack symptoms are less likely to appear in ______. ` men people over 70 people with diabetes
women
A primary reason that women have higher death rates from CVD than men is that ______.
women are less likely to have symptoms and seek treatment
One important consideration with very-low-calorie diets is that they ______. can make it hard to maintain long-term weight loss are for people 5 to 10 pounds overweight do not require medical supervision work without patient supervision
work without patient supervision
Who is at highest risk for gonorrheal infection? young men young women old women old men
young men
Who of the following is at the greatest risk for chlamydia? young women young men old men old women
young women
Besides your relatives, you should also include ______ on your family health tree. yourself close friends boyfriends or girlfriends coworkers
yourself
