9,10,11

Truth-in-sentencing laws, in the majority of states, require murderers and other offenders convicted of serious crime to serve at least ____ of the sentence handed down by the judge. a. 60% b. 75% c. 85% d. 100%

85%

Offenders sentenced to shock incarceration usually spend ____ in prison or jail before being released and resentenced to probation. a. 90 days b. 6 months c. 9 months d. 1 year

90 days

Roper v. Simmons prohibited the death penalty for persons under the age of: a. 15 b. 16 c. 17 d. 18

18

The typical jail term is approximately_____________________. a. ten to thirty days b. thirty to ninety days c. 180 days d. one year

30-90

Almost two-thirds of jails in this country house fewer than: a. 100 inmates b. 25 inmates c. 50 inmates d. 200 inmates

50 inmates

Mitigating circumstances may include: a. A prior record b. A passive role in the offense c. Use of a weapon d. Disregard for the safety of others

A passive role in the offense

Who prepares the presentence investigation report? a. The judge b. A probation officer c. The prosecutor d. The court clerk

A probation officer

Sentencing guidelines require judges to determine a defendant's sentencing using: a. A list of statutorily created criminal sentences b. A sentencing grid c. A presentence investigation report d. The prosecutor's recommendation

A sentencing grid

A(n) ____ circumstance is any circumstance accompanying the commission of a crime that may justify a harsher sentence. a. Aggravating b. Conviction c. Mitigating d. Real

Aggravating

Having a parent in prison puts a child at greater risk of: a. Suffering financial hardship b. Reduced supervision c. Reduced discipline d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following reasons could contribute to an offender being denied probation? a. Conviction of multiple charges b. Were on parole at the time of their arrest c. Using a weapon during the commission of a crime d. All of these

All of these

Opponents of victim impact statements argue that they a. Violate the fifth amendment rights of offenders b. Result in reduced sentences for the offender c. Are prejudicial and inflammatory d. Constitute double jeopardy

Are prejudicial and inflammatory

Ted's lawyers believe that Ted is mentally handicapped. After testimony from medical experts from both the prosecution and the defense, the jury comes to the conclusion that Ted is in fact mentally handicapped. Which Supreme Court case ruled that the death penalty cannot be given to a mentally handicapped defendant? a. Atkins v. Virginia b. Furman v. Georgia c. Gregg v. Georgia d. Weems v. United States

Atkins v. Virgina

In which case was the U. S. Supreme Court concerned with the execution of mentally handicapped criminals? a. Atkins v. Virginia b. Furman v. Georgia c. Gregg v. Georgia d. Roper v. Simmons

Atkins v. Virginia

What type of prison design is characterized by having housing units scattered among functional units such as the dining room, recreation area, and treatment centers? a. Campus style b. Courtyard style c. Radial design d. Telephone-pole design

Campus

What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender wearing a device around the wrist, ankle, or neck, which sends out a continuous signal? a. Programmed contact b. Programmed dialers c. Continuous signaling d. Continuous dialers

Continuous signaling

In the ____ prison, the buildings form a square around an open space, and to get from one facility to another, the inmates go across that space. a. Campus style b. Courtyard style c. Radial design d. Telephone-pole design

Courtyard

In general, the conditions placed on a probationer fall into three categories. Which of the following is not one of these conditions? a. Cumulative conditions b. Punitive conditions c. Standard conditions d. Treatment conditions

Cumulative conditions

What level of home monitoring requires offenders to be in their homes at specific hours, usually at night? a. Curfew b. Home detention c. Home incarceration d. Home probation

Curfew

A community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for the purpose of treatment, education, and incapacitation is a: a. Day reporting center b. Treatment center c. Pretrial diversion program d. Probation office

Day reporting center

The incentive to privatize is primarily to: a. Best rehabilitate inmates b. Decrease the cost of incarceration c. Increase public safety d. Increase the salaries of correctional officers

Decrease the cost of incarceration

A stipulation in many federal and state sentencing guidelines that allows a judge to adjust his or her sentencing decision based on the special circumstances of a particular case is called a(n) ____. a. Aggravating circumstance b. Departure c. Disposition d. Mitigating circumstance

Departure

A period of incarceration that is fixed by a sentencing authority and cannot be reduced by judges or other corrections officials is called ____ sentencing. a. Determinate b. Indeterminate c. Mandatory d. Truth in

Determinate

A strategy to keep those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community based and intermediate sanctions is: a. Deterrence b. Diversion c. Incapacitation d. Reintegration

Diversion

The prosecutor in the case expresses concern that Scott is headed down the wrong path and a little prison time shake him up. The defense attorney in the case believes that it is not necessary to imprison Scott for this offense. Even though the law states that Scott can serve up to five years in a state prison for his offense, his attorney believes that prison resources are too scarce and that Scott is an offender who qualifies for a community-based sanction. This practice is known as: a. Diversion b. Incapacitation c. Reintegration d. Specific deterrence

Diversion

A majority of states limit Intensive Supervision Probation to offenders who: a. Do not have a previous conviction b. Do not have a prior probation violation c. Do not have a drug problem d. Do not have a job

Do not have a prior probation violation

Incarceration rates have increased dramatically, particularly due to: a. Terrorism b. Harsher penalties for sex offenders c. The war on drugs d. The increasing number of juveniles tried and incarcerated as adults

Drugs

Which Amendment guards against "cruel and unusual punishment?" a. Fourth b. Fifth c. Sixth d. Eighth

Eighth

At ____, good behavior was rewarded by early release, and misbehavior was punished with extended time under a three-grade system of classification. a. The Auburn Prison b. The Eastern Penitentiary c. Elmira d. The Western Penitentiary

Elmira

One law maker believes that the best way to reduce correctional costs is to privatize the prison system. He makes several arguments as to how privatization of prisons will reduce the overall budget. Which of the following is not one of the reasons the lawmaker would give to prove his point? a. Competitive bidding b. Fewer programs to inmates c. Labor costs d. Less red tape

Fewer programs to inmates

A process by which the government seizes private property attached to criminal activity is: a. Community service b. Fines c. Forfeiture d. Restitution

Forfeiture

In ____ the U.S. Supreme Court did not rule that the death penalty inherently violated the Eighth Amendment's protection against cruel and unusual punishment or the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of due process, only that it did so as practiced by the states. a. Atkins v. Virginia b. Furman v. Georgia c. Gregg v. Georgia d. Roper v. Simmons

Furman v. Georgia

Many supporters of the death penalty believe that Ted needs to be executed for committing such a heinous crime because others will be discouraged from committing a similar crime. This sentencing philosophy is known as: a. Just deserts b. General deterrence c. Incapacitation d. Specific deterrence

General seterrence

Day reporting centers were first used in a. Norway b. United States c. Australia d. Great Britain

Great Britain

Statutes that require lengthy prison sentences for those who are convicted of multiple felonies are: a. Mandatory sentences b. Habitual offender laws c. Truth-in-sentencing laws d. Determinate sentencing

Habitual offender laws

In the past 10 years, the annual number of executions in the United States: a. Has remained stable b. Has increased dramatically c. Has decreased d. Has dropped to almost zero

Has decreased

On successful completion of a drug court program, the offender is usually rewarded by: a. Having all charges against them dropped b. Spending a limited time in jail c. Spending a limited time in prison d. Spending a limited time on probation

Having all charges dropped

Since Mr. Johnson will be responsible for the organization and performance of the correctional facility, what will be his title? a. Deputy b. Mayor c. Sheriff d. Warden

Warden

What level of home monitoring requires that offenders remain home at all times, with exceptions being made for education, employment, counseling, or other specified activities such as the purchase of food, or in some instances attendance at religious ceremonies? a. Curfew b. Home detention c. Home incarceration d. Home probation

Home detention

The most restrictive level of home monitoring is: a. Curfew b. Home detention c. Home incarceration d. Electronic monitoring

Home incarceration

What level of home monitoring requires the offender to remain home at all times, save for medical emergencies? a. Curfew b. Home detention c. Home incarceration d. Home probation

Home incarceration

The judge in the case is tired of seeing Jeremy in his courtroom. He is determined to give him the most severe punishment that the law allows. The judge believes that Jeremy must return to prison because he thinks that is the only way that he will no longer be a danger to society again. The judge in this case is most likely following the sentencing philosophy of: a. Retribution b. Deterrence c. Incapacitation d. Rehabilitation

Incapacitation

High rates of incarceration likely lead to: a. Higher rates of criminal offending b. Greater democratic participation c. Increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated d. A decline in the unemployment rate

Increased delinquent behavior among the children of the incarcerated

What type of sentencing occurs when a judge determines the minimum and maximum terms of imprisonment? a. Determinate b. Indeterminate c. Mandatory d. Truth in

Indeterminate

A punishment-oriented form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than conventional probation by probation officers with limited caseloads is a(n): a. Day reporting center b. Home confinement c. Intensive supervision probation d. Pretrial diversion program

Intensive supervision probation

Which of the following is true regarding intermediate sanctions? a. Intermediate sanctions are less restrictive than probation and more restrictive than imprisonment b. Intermediate sanctions provide a number of additional sentencing options for wrongdoers who require stricter supervision than that supplied by standard probation c. Intermediate sanctions are not designed to match specific punishment and treatment of an individual offender with a corrections program that reflects the offender's situation d. Intermediate sanctions are not intended to alleviate pressure on overcrowded facilities and understaffed probation departments

Intermediate sanctions provide a number of additional sentencing options for wrongdoers who require stricter supervision than that supplied by standard probation

Which of the following is a correctional facility, usually operated by county government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors? a. Jail b. Maximum-security prison c. Medium-security prison d. Minimum-security prison

Jail

Which type of facility is responsible for receiving individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial? a. Jail b. Maximum-security prison c. Medium-security prison d. Minimum-security prison

Jail

Which is the dominant method of execution in the United States today? a. The gas chamber b. Electrocution in an electric chair c. Hanging d. Lethal injection

Lethal injection

Statutorily determined punishments that must be applied to those who are convicted of specific crimes are: a. Mandatory sentencing guidelines b. Habitual offender laws c. Indeterminate sentencing laws d. Determinate sentencing laws

Mandatory Sentencing Guidelines

Inmates who compile extensive misconduct records are usually housed, along with violent and repeat offenders, in ____. a. Jail b. Maximum-security c. Medium-security d. Minimum-security

Maximum security

Which level of prisons is considered a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape, with intense supervision, cement walls, and electronic, barbed wire fences? a. Maximum-security prisons b. Medium-security prisons c. Minimum-security prisons d. Supermax prisons

Maximum-security prison

The Supreme Court made it very difficult to prove discriminatory intent in capital punishment based on statistics alone in: a. McCleskey v. Kemp b. Atkins v. Virginia c. Roper v. Simmons d. Furman v. Georgia

McCleskey v. Kemp

The ____ held that institutions should offer a variety of programs and therapies to cure inmates of their "ills," whatever their root causes. a. Congregate system b. Medical model c. Separate confinement system d. Supermax system

Medical Model

In which cases did the Court rule that probationers were entitled to an attorney during the revocation process? a. Morrisey v. Brewer b. Gagnon v. Scarpelli c. Minnesota v. Murphy d. Mempa v. Rhay

Mempa v. Rhay

Any circumstance accompanying the commission of a crime that may justify a lighter sentence is known as a(n) ____. a. Aggravating circumstance b. Conviction circumstance c. Mitigating circumstance d. Real circumstance

Mitigating circumstance

If Pennsylvania's prisons were designed to transform wrongdoers into honest citizens, those in New York focused on: a. Idleness b. Obedience c. Silence d. Privacy

Obedience

If the judge sentences Jeremy to a prison sentence of twenty years to life, who will decide at what point Jeremy is released from prison. a. Judge b. Parole board c. Prison administrator d. Probation officer

Parole Board

This is an early form of correctional facility that emphasized separating inmates from society and from one another so that they would have an environment in which to reflect on their wrongdoing, and ponder their reformation. a. Jail b. Penitentiary c. Prison d. Supermax facility

Penitentiary

In what state was the first penitentiary opened? a. Chicago b. Illinois c. New York d. Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

While Sandra is serving her sentence in the community, she failed to satisfy the conditions of her probation sentence. What would be the first stage in her probation revocation? a. Preliminary hearing b. Revocation hearing c. Revocation sentencing d. Trial

Preliminary hearing

Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited for the growth in incarcerated populations? a. Federal prison growth b. Increased probability of incarceration c. Inmates serving more time for each crime d. Private prisons

Private prisons

What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender being contacted periodically by telephone or beeper to verify his or her whereabouts? a. Programmed contact b. Programmed dialers c. Receiver-contacts d. Receiver-dialers

Programmed contanct

Which prison design is composed of a "wagon-wheel"-like structure that was created with the dual goals of separation and control? a. Campus style b. Courtyard style c. Radial design d. Telephone-pole design

Radial design

Reintegration has a strong theoretical basis in the ____ philosophy of punishment. a. Retributive b. Incapacitative c. Deterrence d. Rehabilitative

Rehabilitative

A sum of money paid in compensation for damages done to the victim is: a. A fine b. Community service c. Restitution d. Bond

Restitution

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic philosophical reasons for sentencing? a. Deterrence b. Incapacitation c. Retribution d. Revenge

Revenge

During this hearing the probation agency presents evidence to support its claim of violation, and the probationer can attempt to refute this evidence. a. Preliminary hearing b. Revocation hearing c. Preliminary sentencing d. Revocation sentencing

Revocation Hearing

An essay by ____ provided critics of the medical model with statistical evidence that rehabilitation efforts did nothing to lower recidivism rates. a. Progressives b. Quakers c. Robert Martinson d. Warden organizations

Robert Martison

Which landmark case effectively ended the execution of those who committed crimes as juveniles? a. Atkins v. Virginia b. Furman v. Georgia c. Gregg v. Georgia d. Roper v. Simmons

Roper v. Simmons

The United States Supreme Court paved the way for three-strike laws when it ruled in _____________ that Texas' habitual offender statute did not constitute "cruel and unusual punishment" under the Eighth Amendment. a. Rummel v. Estelle b. United States v. Booker c. Weems v. United States d. Furman v. Georgia

Rummel v. Estelle

If Sandra is convicted, what would be the most likely reason that she would be denied probation? a. Sandra is a female. b. Sandra is only 18 years old. c. Sandra used a weapon during the commission of the crime. d. Sandra was in a gang.

Sandra used a weapon during the commission of the crime

A situation in which the length of a sentence appears to be influenced by a defendant's race, gender, economic status, or other factor not directly related to the crime he or she committed is: a. Sentencing disparity b. Sentencing discrimination c. Sentencing bias d. Sentencing equity

Sentencing discrimination

A situation in which those convicted of similar crimes do not receive similar sentences is: a. Sentencing disparity b. Sentencing discrimination c. Sentencing bias d. Sentencing equity

Sentencing disparity

In an effort to eliminate the inequities of disparity by removing judicial bias from the sentencing process, many states and the federal government have turned to ____, which require judges to dispense legislatively determined sentences based on factors such as the seriousness of the crime and the offender's prior record. a. Mandatory sentencing laws b. Indeterminate sentencing laws c. Sentencing guidelines d. Truth-in-sentencing laws

Sentencing guidelines

What is the primary factor in a judge's sentencing decision? a. Aggravating circumstances b. Judicial philosophy c. Mitigating circumstances d. Seriousness of the crime

Seriousness of the crime

In ____, also known as shock probation, the offender is sentenced to a specific amount of time in prison or jail, to be followed by a period of probation. a. Intermittent incarceration b. Shock incarceration c. Suspended sentence d. Split sentence probation

Split sentence probation

Conditions imposed on all probationers are: a. Community b. Punitive c. Standard d. Treatment

Standard

Mr. Johnson receives a phone call from the head of the department of corrections who informs him that the prison will be reserved for the inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum security prisons. In essence, this prison will be reserved for the "worst of the worst" inmates in the state's correctional system. What type of correctional facility will Mr. Johnson be in charge of? a. Administrative prison b. Maximum-security prison c. Medium-security prison d. Supermax prison

Supermax

The ____ prison is defined as a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons; it is characterized by extremely strict control and supervision over the inmates, including extensive use of solitary confinement. a. Maximum-security b. Medium-security c. Minimum-security d. Supermax

Supermax

Which level of prisons is relatively rare and extremely controversial due to its overly harsh methods of punishing and controlling the most dangerous prisoners? a. Maximum-security b. Medium-security c. Minimum-security d. Supermax

Supermax

The defense attorney is worried that sending Scott to jail will only make Scott's situation worse. While his court case was pending, Scott got a job at a local grocery store and has started to clean up his act. The defense attorney would prefer that if Scott were to plead guilty to the offense, he would not be required to serve any jail time immediately. He prefers that Scott be given a chance to prove himself and only have to serve time in jail if he reoffends. This type of sentence is known as a(an): a. Boot camp b. Shock incarceration c. Shock probation d. Suspended sentence

Suspended sentence

What is a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being convicted of a crime, but is not required to begin serving the sentence immediately? a. Community corrections b. Probation c. Split sentence probation d. Suspended sentence

Suspended sentence

Disenfranchisement refers to: a. Barring convicts from obtaining driver's licenses b. Taking away a convict's ability to participate in mainstream society c. Taking away the convict's right to vote d. Violating the civil rights of inmates

Taking away the convict's right to vote

Failing to report a change of address is a ____ violation which may result in revocation of probation. a. Common b. Punitive c. Standard d. Technical

Technical

The parties finally agree and Scott is sentenced to three years of probation with no jail time. The judge informs Scott at his sentencing that he must meet all the required conditions of his probation. These conditions include refraining from all criminal activity, staying employed, attending all required meetings with his probation officer and report all address changes. Failing to report a change of address would be considered a(n): a. Extralegal violation b. Legal violation c. Standard violation d. Technical violation

Technical violation

The idea that the more effectively offenders are controlled, the more likely they are to be caught violating the terms of their conditional release is called _____________________________. a. Widening the net b. The paradox of community corrections c. Diversion d. Reintegration

The paradox of community corrections

Mr. Johnson is a firm believer that the classification process is the most important part of the correctional system. This will ensure that each inmate is appropriately assigned to the correctional facility that will be the best fit for him or her. Which of the following is NOT one of the common criteria used for classification purposes? a. The seriousness of the crime committed. b. The risk of future criminal or violent conduct. c. The size and physical strength of the inmate. d. The need for treatment and rehabilitation programs.

The size/physical strength

What is the main purpose of the Supermax prison? a. To allow inmates to have access to the best trained correctional officers b. To house high-profile inmates in a comfortable setting c. To provide rehabilitation to the inmate d. To strictly control the inmates' movements

To strictly control the inmates' movements

The judge has scheduled a conference in his chambers with the prosecutor and the defense attorney. He instructs the two attorneys that he wants a plea deal with an agreed upon sentence the next morning. The judge explains to the prosecutor that many offenders are placed on probation for the same offense that Scott committed and never serve any jail or prison time. The judge further explains that if Scott is placed on probation he will require that Scott attend alcohol counseling and anger-control therapy. These conditions that the judge would order are referred to as: a. Punitive conditions b. Rehabilitative conditions c. Standard conditions d. Treatment conditions

Treatment conditions

What type of sentencing law requires that murderers and others convicted of serious crimes complete a certain percentage their sentences with no time off for good behavior? a. Determinate sentencing laws b. Indeterminate sentencing laws c. Mandatory sentencing laws d. Truth in sentencing laws

Truth in sentencing laws

In Weems v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that: a. What is cruel and unusual is defined by the changing norms of society b. The death penalty is arbitrary c. Age is a mitigating circumstance when assigning the death penalty d. That capital punishment is constitutional

What is cruel and unusual is defined by the changing norms of society

This is the criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control and surveillance of the American corrections system. a. Diversion b. Reintegration c. Scared Straight d. Widening the net

Widening the net

The management structures of both police agencies and correctional facilities are similar in that both have: a. A chain of command b. Continuity of purpose c. A decentralized leadership structure d. A military structure

a chain of command

The judge in this case picked the most severe punishment that the law would require because he felt that there were many circumstances surrounding Jeremy's present crime that justify a harsher sentence. These circumstances are referred to as: a. Aggravating circumstances b. Capital circumstances c. Mitigating circumstances d. Truth in sentencing circumstances

aggravating circumstances

Many lawmakers express their concerns of privatizing the prisons in the state. Which of the following are some of the criticisms that these legislatures make? a. There is no economic benefit to private prisons. b. Private prisons are less secure to government run prisons. c. Private prisons are constitutionally problematic. d. All of these

all of these

House arrest, electronic monitoring, and boot camp are all examples of: a. Probation b. Incarceration c. Community service d. Alternative sanctions

alternative sanctions

Which form of shock incarceration was modeled after military basic training, emphasizing strict discipline, manual labor, and physical training? a. Boot camp b. Intensive supervision probation c. Pretrial diversion program d. Scared straight

boot camp

The main difference between police agencies and correctional facilities is that correctional facilities sometimes lack: a. A chain of command b. Bureaucracy c. Continuity of purpose d. A military structure

continuity of purpose

Most jails are administered by: a. Municipal police b. County sheriffs c. State government d. Federal government

county sheriffs

The strategy of preventing crime through the threat of punishment is called: a. Deterrence b. Incapacitation c. Rehabilitation d. Retribution

deterrence

Some of the more progressive politicians believe the incarceration of so many people has negative consequences. One of the arguments these politicians make is that these high rates of incarceration deny too many offenders the right to vote. If convicted felons are not able to vote than they will not be involved in the democratic process. This practice of removing the ability to vote is known as: a. decarceration b. disenfranchisement c. incapacitation d. institutionalization

disenfranchisement

Eventually, the penitentiary at Walnut Street succumbed to the same problems that continue to plague institutions of confinement. What were these problems? a. Excessive costs and overcrowding b. Excessive costs and intruding politics c. Intruding politics and overcrowding d. Overcrowding and violence

excessive costs and overcrowding

Custodial employees in prisons, those who deal directly with inmates, a. Make up more than three-quarters of a prison's staff b. Make up more than half of a prison's staff c. Make up approximately 40% of a prison's staff d. Make up 100% of a prison's staff, because all employees are categorized as custodial

half

Which of the following is not one of the roles performed by jails? a. Hold individuals convicted of felonies b. Receive individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial c. Temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities d. Hold the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities

hold individuals convicted of felonies

A community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes is called: a. Home confinement b. Intensive supervision probation c. Pretrial diversion program d. Shock incarceration

home confinement

The prosecutor demands that Sandra be required to remain at home at all times and should only be allowed to leave her home for medical emergencies. This type of sentence is referred to as: a. curfew b. home detention c. home incarceration d. shock incarceration

home incarceration

The lawmakers in favor of privatization make the argument that the federal government is utilizing private prisons and that the number of federal inmates in private prisons more than doubled between 2000 and 2010. The current emphasis on imprisoning violators of _______________ law seems likely to ensure that this trend will continue. a. bankruptcy b. rug c. immigration d. terrorism

immigration

Which of the following is not one of the options of intermediate sanctions that judges have in sentencing? a. Community service b. Fines c. Imprisonment d. Restitution

imprisonment

Mr. Johnson is on a task force to help the governor figure out a way to cut corrections costs in the state. One agreed upon goal is that the state begins a process of decarceration where they will reduce their inmate population. Which of the following is not a common strategy used to reduce the prison population? a. Decrease the probability that nonviolent offenders will be sentenced to prison. b. Increase the rate of release of nonviolent offenders from prison. c. Increase the rate of release of violent offenders from prison. d. Decrease the rate of imprisonment for probation violators.

increase the rate of release of violent offenders from prison

The state that Jeremy was convicted in allows judges to set a minimum and maximum amount of time that Jeremy will spend in prison. What type of sentencing is this? a. Determinate sentencing b. Indeterminate sentencing c. Mitigating sentencing d. Aggravating sentencing

indeterminate

At sentencing Sandra's defense attorney suggests a punishment-oriented form of probation where she will be placed under strict and more frequent surveillance than conventional probation. This punishment is known as: a. Intensive Supervision Probation b. Intermediate Supervision Probation c. Shock Supervision Probation d. Extreme Supervision Probation

intensive supervision probation

Because Sandra is young and this is her first felony conviction as an adult, the judge is reluctant to sentence her to prison because he thinks it would be too harsh and counterproductive. However, he thinks that she requires stricter supervision than supplied by probation. What would be a likely sentence for Sandra in this situation? a. Atypical sanctions b. Intermediate sanctions c. Special sanctions d. Technical sanctions

intermediate sanctions

Some of the lawmakers are more concerned with the costs of jails than they are prisons. They make the argument that almost 13 million people are admitted to jails over the course of a year nationwide. Other lawmakers claim that jails are different than prisons and should not be their concern at this time. How are jails different than prisons? a. Jails are operated by county and city governments. b. Jails only house inmates that have been convicted of a crime. c. Jails house inmates who have sentences than longer than one year. d. Jails offer a wide variety of rehabilitation and educational programs.

jails are operated by county and city governments

If an offender chooses to attend drug court, they place themselves in the hands of a ____ who will enforce a mixture of treatment and sanctions in an attempt to cure their addiction. a. Judge b. Jury c. Probation officer d. Prosecutor

judge

If the jury votes to convict Ted and sentence him to death, which would be the most likely method of execution? a. electric chair b. gas chamber c. hanging d. lethal injection

lethal injection

Which level of prisons is defined as "a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restrictive measures to avoid violence and escapes?" a. Maximum-security prisons b. Medium-security prisons c. Minimum-security prisons d. Supermax prisons

medium security

Which level of prisons is defined as a "correctional institution designed to allow inmates, most of whom pose low security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world?" a. Maximum-security prisons b. Medium-security prisons c. Minimum-security prisons d. Supermax prisons

minimum security

About ______________ of all probationers have been found guilty of a felony. a. One-tenth b. One-third c. One-half d. Three-fourths

one-half

Arguments against private prisons include: a. There is too much red tape involved in their management b. The operators cut corners c. Conditions are primitive and unsanitary d. They are too expensive

operators cut corners

Which of the following is not one of the mitigating circumstances that will prevent a defendant found guilty of first degree murder from receiving the death penalty? a. Age b. Insanity c. Mentally handicapped d. Physically handicapped

physically handicapped

Because this prison is being built to be the "prison of the future" which type of design will the prison follow? a. Courtyard b. Podular c. Radial d. Telephone

podular

The judge asks the probation officer in the courtroom for a report that describes Jeremy's crime in detail, the suffering of the victims, Jeremy's prior offenses and his family background. What is this report called? a. Presentence investigation report b. Presentence guideline report c. Sentencing guideline d. Sentencing report

presentence investigation report

What is an alternative to trial offered by a judge or prosecutor, in which the offender agrees to participate in a specified counseling treatment program in return for withdrawal of the charges? a. Day reporting center b. Home confinement c. Pretrial diversion program d. Probation office

pretrial diversion program

The most common form of punishment in the United States is: a. Imprisonment b. Probation c. Community service d. Restitution

probation

Which of the following sentencing philosophies is viewed as the most humane? a. Deterrence b. Incapacitation c. Just deserts d. Rehabilitation

rehabilitation

Which goal of corrections focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior? a. Deterrence b. Diversion c. Incapacitation d. Reintegration

reintegration

What is the oldest and most common justification for punishment? a. Deterrence b. Incapacitation c. Rehabilitation d. Retribution

retribution

Scared Straight and boot camp are two forms of ____. a. Home confinement b. Intensive supervision probation c. Pretrial diversion programming d. Shock incarceration

shock incarceration

The prosecutor in this case is adamant that Scott serve some jail time. In the plea discussions, the prosecutor suggests that Scott agree to spend 90 days in jail and then he will automatically serve a two year probation sentence. This suggested sentence is known as: a. Boot camp b. Shock incarceration c. Shock probation d. Suspended sentence

shock incarceration

The Supreme Court now requires that all death penalty cases follow certain procedures. One of these requirements is that there is a guilt phase and a sentencing phase of a death penalty trial. This is known as: a. The bifurcated process b. The dual court process c. The due process d. The equal protection process

the bifurcated process

According to the bifurcated process in capital cases, the decision to sentence a defendant to death must be made by: a. The judge b. The legislature c. The jury d. The prosecutor

the jury

Why does a supermax prison work toward strict control of an inmates' movement within the facility? a. To allow for individual repentance with a religious leader b. To care for the inmate at an individual level c. To limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline d. To provide individual treatment opportunities

to limit situations that could lead to breakdowns in discipline

At the sentencing phase of Ted's trial, Susan's mother and husband give personal statements about Susan and how her murder has affected their lives. This statement is known as a: a. Aggravating factor statement b. Restorative justice statement c. Sentencing guideline statement d. Victim impact statement

victim impact statement

The ____ is ultimately responsible for the operation of the prison. a. Sheriff b. Attorney General c. Warden d. Chief

warden