A & P 2 Pearson chapter 18

Stage 2 hypertension results if resting blood pressure is higher than:

140/90 mm Hg.

This figure shows changes in blood pressure as blood flows through the systemic circuit away from the heart. What would be the approximate pressure in a blood vessel leaving the kidneys in an individual lying down?

Below 20 mmHg

is(are) not one of the three main factors that influence blood pressure.

Blood reservoirs

Which of the following structures connects vessels through vascular anastomoses?

Collaterals

Which pressure remains the same along the length of a capillary?

Colloid osmotic pressure

Which of the following factors does not contribute to venous blood return?

Contractions of the right ventricle of the heart

Which of the following arteries has the smallest diameter?

Metarteriole

What name does the femoral artery take as it emerges in the posterior thigh?

Popliteal artery

Which of the following veins drain into the inferior vena cava?

Renal veins

Which of the following arteries does not branch off the aortic arch?

Right subclavian artery

Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed?

Rising arteriolar pressure

What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest?

Sinusoidal capillaries

Into which vein does blood in the external jugular vein drain?

Subclavian vein

What is edema?

Swelling

Which blood vessels handle the highest blood pressure?

Systemic arteries

Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?

Systemic arterioles

increases the diameter of a blood vessel.

Vasodilation

Most blood is in the

Veins

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

Veins

In which direction will water move when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of a capillary?

Water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration.

v All of the following pairs correctly match the mechanisms affecting blood pressure with its effect

aldosterone; decreased blood volume.

A negative feedback mechanism will cause if blood pressure drops.

an increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction

Excessive vasodilation can lead to a condition known as

anaphylactic shock

The left subclavian artery branches directly from the:

aortic arch.

Tissue perfusion is largely controlled by to ensure that blood flow meets the cells' needs.

autoregulation

The most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary is

blood colloid osmotic pressure

Water in the blood exerts pressure on the walls of capillaries, generating

blood hydrostatic pressure

There are two in comparison to the one

brachiocephalic veins; brachiocephalic artery

Blood flowing through the vertebral artery will enter the

brain

The lungs receive systemic blood supply by way of the

bronchial arteries

From superior to inferior, the major branches of the abdominal aorta are:

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries.

Pulmonary arteries have blood pressure compared to systemic arteries.

considerably lower

The superficial vein that is often used for bypass grafts is the:

great saphenous vein.

The physiology of blood flow in the cardiovascular system is known as

hemodynamics

Abdominal circulation, where venous blood is drained from the stomach and the small and large intestines, first enters the liver through the:

hepatic portal system.

Blood pressure is equivalent to

hydrostatic pressure

Decreased cardiac output may lead to

hypotension

Most veins below the diaphragm drain into the

inferior vena cava

The artery often used to bypass a blocked coronary artery and restore blood flow to the myocardium is the artery.

left internal thoracic

Damage to the external iliac artery will affect delivery of blood to the

lower limb

All the following are veins of the lower limb except:

median antebrachial veins.

Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the:

net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure.

All of the following arteries contribute to the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) except the:

occipital arteries.

The main local autoregulatory mechanism of cardiac muscle tissue is

oxygen

All of the following arteries are located within the upper limb except the:

popliteal artery.

Blood flow through the capillary bed is regulated by

precapillary sphincters

Blood flow is directly proportional to and inversely proportional to

pressure gradient; resistance

The is the only route in which arteries carry less oxygen than veins.

pulmonary circuit

The celiac trunk branches almost immediately into all the following arteries except:

renal arteries.

One mechanism that increases the rate venous blood returns to the heart is by:

skeletal muscle pumps.

The small intestine receives its blood supply from the:

superior mesenteric artery.

An increase in blood pressure will cause all the following nerves to send impulses to the medulla oblongata except:

sympathetic nerves.

Tissue perfusion in the heart decreases during ventricular and increases during ventricular

systole; diastole

The thoracic organs are drained mainly by:

the azygos system.

All the following veins drain into the inferior vena cava except:

the vertebral veins.

Large, lipid-insoluble molecules cross capillary walls by

transcytosis

The innermost layer of blood vessels, that is composed of endothelium, is known as

tunica intima

Arteries have a much thicker than veins, which signifies their role in controlling blood pressure.

tunica media

What yessels typically carry blood away from the heart?

Arteries

carry blood away from the heart, whereas carry blood toward the heart.

Arteries; veins

Which of the following pathways represents the systemic flow of most blood?

Artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, and vein

Which of the following hormones does not act to increase blood pressure?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) given a systolic pressure of 130 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg?

90 mm Hg

What is the average value for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

95 mm Hg

Which of the following molecules decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

Acetylcholine

Which of the following hormones is released to decrease blood pressure?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

What is the largest artery in the body?

Aorta

v Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor?

Decreased blood oxygen concentration

Which of the following factors influences blood volume?

Dehydration

Into what vein do the splenic, gastric, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric veins drain?

Hepatic portal vein

will not cause an increase in arterial blood pressure.

Increased arteriolar vasodilation

A patient, whose foot has become numb from lack of circulation, may not have a pulse.

dorsalis pedis

The main artery that crosses the ankle and enters the foot, supplying the anterior side of the foot, is known as the

dorsalis pedis artery

An excess amount of water in the interstitial fluid is known as

edema

Small solutes can pass through small pores in some capillaries known as

fenestrations