A & P Microscope and Cell cycle
The __________ causes the stage to move upward or downward.
adjustment knob
Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles during
anaphase
During which phase(s) of the cell cycle does cytokinesis typically occur?
anaphase and telophase
All of the following structures are found in (or surrounding) the nucleus of a cell, except the __________.
centrioles
Which of the following events occurs in prophase?
chromosomes condense
In animal cells, the indentation where the cells are pinching apart during telophase is called the __________.
cleavage furrow
Which of the following events occurs during telophase?
cytokinesis
The cytosol and cytoplasmic organelles are components of the __________.
cytoplasm
All of the organelles in the cell are membrane-bound.
false
The greatest magnification on the compound light microscope can be achieved by using the high power objective lens.
false
The nucleolus is the site of DNA replication.
false
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a group of flattened sacs that packages glycoproteins to be transported around the cell or excreted.
false
The smooth ER possesses ribosomes.
false
The major phases of the cell cycle are
interphase and mitosis
The __________ increases or decreases the light intensity of the compound light microscope.
iris diaphragm
Identify the mitotic phase represented by each of the micrographs by clicking and dragging the label to the correct location.
left -metaphase -prophase right -telophase anaphase
Click and drag the cell structures to their locations on the diagram.
left -centrosome (centrioles) -microtubules -nuclear envelope -basement membrane right -microvilli -lysosome -smooth er
Click and drag the parts of the cell to their location on the diagram.
left -free ribosomes -nucleolus -rough er -plasma membrane right -secretory vesicle -golgi apparatus -mitochondrion
Identify the structures of the cell in each mitotic phase shown in the micrographs by clicking and dragging the label to the correct location.
left top -spindle fiber -metaphase plate left bottom -nuclear envelope -plasma membrane right top -cleavage furrow right bottom -chromatid -centrosome
Which of the following organelles are sometimes called "suicide sacs," because they are able to destroy the whole cell?
lysosomes
Which phase immediately follows prophase?
metaphase
All of the following structures are involved in motility, except
microvilli
Which of the following organelles provide additional surface area for absorption?
microvilli
ATP synthesis occurs within the
mitochondria
Which of the following organelles is sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell, because of its role in ATP production?
mitochondria
Which of the following stained cellular structures is the most visible with the compound light microscope?
nucleus
The phase directly after the G2 phase in the cell cycle is __________.
prophase
Which of the following cellular structures is located in the cytoplasm?
ribosome
The objective lenses of the compound light microscope are attached to the
rotating nosepiece
When first focusing a microscope on a specimen, which objective lens should always be used first?
scanning
During which phase of the cell cycle is the DNA duplicated?
the S phase of interphase
What is the working distance on a microscope?
the distance between the objective lens and the slide
Which of the following cellular structures is not easily visible with the compound light microscope?
DNA
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the phases of interphase?
G1, S, G2
Label the image of a compound light microscope using the terms provided.
Left side -rotating nosepiece -objective lenses -slide holder finger -stage -iris diaphragm lever -condenser -substage illuminator (lamp) -mechanical stage (control knob) Right side -eyepiece -light switch -course adjustment knob -fine adjustment knob
Identify the magnifications used with scanning, low-power, and high-power objective lenses by clicking and dragging the correct label.
Scanning Objective -lens magnification : 4x -total magnification through eyepiece : 40x -faces the microscope stage upon storage Low-Power Objective -lens magnification : 10x -total magnification through eyepiece : 100x High-Power Objective -lens magnification : 40x -total magnification through eyepiece : 400x -use only fine adjustment knob to focus -most detail is observed
Mitosis refers to nuclear division, and cytokinesis refers to cytoplasmic division.
true
The nuclear envelope is a double-layered membrane, like the plasma membrane.
true
The magnification of a specimen wiewed with a 10x eyepiece and a 40x high-power objective lens is __________.
400x
Match the cellular components with their correct descriptions by selecting from the drop down list.
- CHROMATIN : Correct Loosely coiled fibers containing protein and DNA within nucleus - MITOCHONDRION : Location of ATP production for cellular energy - RIBOSOME : Small RNA-containing particles for the synthesis of proteins - VESICLE : Membranous sac formed by the pinching off of pieces of plasma membrane - NUCLEOLUS : Dense body of RNA and protein within the nucleus - MICROTUBULE : Part of the cytoskeleton involved in cellular movement - ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM : Composed of membrane-bound canals for tubular transport throughout the cytoplasm - CYTOPLASM : Occupies space between plasma membrane and nucleus - Golgi apparatus (COMPLEX) : Flattened, membranous sacs that modify and package a secretion - LYSOSOME : Membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes - NUCLEAR ENVELOPE : Separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm - NUCLEUS : Spherical organelle that contains chromatin and nucleolus
Match the names of the microscope parts in column A with the descriptions in column B. Click and drag the labels to the right of each description statement.
-Increases or decreases the light intensity: Iris diaphragm -Platform that supports a microscope slide: Stage -Concentrates light onto the specimen: Condenser -Causes stage (or objective lens) to move upward or downward: Adjustment knob (coarse) -After light passes through the specimen, it next enters this lens system: Objective lens system -Holds a microscope slide in position: Stage (slide) clip -Contains a lens at the top of the body tube: Eyepiece (ocular) -Serves as a handle for carrying the microscope: Arm -Part to which the objective lenses are attached: Nosepiece -Circular area seen through the eyepiece: Field of view
Select the correct word(s) in the labels that correctly complete each statement. (Not all labels will be used.)
-When looking through to make observations, the EYEPIECE magnifies the image 10x. -If the specimen is appearing too dark, the light entering the CONDENSER can be adjusted by opening the diaphragm using the iris diaphragm lever. -The COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB is used to get scanning and low-power objectives in focus. -The HIGH-POWER objective provides the greatest magnification, while the scanning objective provides the least magnification. -The eyepiece is also called the OCULAR LENS, and it is used to calculate total magnification of an objective lens. -Scanning and then LOW-POWER objectives are used to get a specimen in focus before using high-power. -If the slide is moving as you try to center it in the field of view, check that you have secured the slide to the stage using the STAGE CLIPS. -The flat surface that supports the microscope is the base, and it, along with the ARM requires one hand on each part to help carry the microscope. -When observing the spinal cord in a prepared slide, the SCANNING magnification would be used to see the largest amount of the specimen in the field of view.
Show the description of each stage of mitosis by clicking and dragging the label to the correct light micrograph numbered 1--4.
1) chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse, spindle apparatus forms. 2) chromosomes align along equator, or metaphase plate, of cell. 3) sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of cell. 4) nuclear envelopes reassembles around two daughter nuclei. chromosomes decondense. spindle disappears. cytokinesis is visible.
What is the typical magnification provided by the eyepiece (ocular) lens system?
10x
Which of the following events occurs in metaphase?
Chromosomes align along equator
Which of the following events occurs during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
Completion of cell growth and production of enzymes
Which is the correct sequence of the M (mitotic) phase?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is the difference in function between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
The rough ER conducts protein synthesis, while the smooth ER conducts lipid synthesis.
What do lysosomes and peroxisomes have in common?
They are both vesicles (sacs) of enzymes.
A parfocal microscope is one that keeps the specimen in focus (or very close to it) when a higher-power objective lens is rotated into position, after focusing with a lower-power objective.
True
