A History of Western Society Chapter 21

How did the Hungarian revolutionaries envision a future Hungary?

As a unified, centralized Hungarian nation

Why did Klemens von Metternich, as Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe?

Austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire.

How was the attention of the National Assembly meeting in Frankfurt diverted from the task of writing a German federal constitution?

Delegates turned attention to Denmark's claims on the largely German-speaking provinces of Schleswig and Holstein.

In 1848 in France, what would the government not consider that created a sense of class injustice?

Electoral reform

In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of?

Great Britain, France, and Russia.

How did Charles X of France seek to rally political support for himself?

He invaded Algeria and established it as a French territory.

How did the French provisional government respond to the worsening depression and rising unemployment in 1848?

It established national workshops to provide public works jobs.

Which of the following best describes France's Constitutional Charter?

It secured most of the gains made by the middle class and the peasantry during the Revolution and permitted intellectual and artistic freedom.

How did the landlord leasing patterns in Ireland encourage population growth?

Land leases were for short periods of time, which inhibited people from improving their land and encouraged them to have many children as their only source of support in old age.

What was the goal of the British Corn Laws?

The Corn Laws forbade the importation of foreign grain unless prices in Britain reached very high levels, selfishly benefiting the aristocratic landowners in Britain.

During the Prussian revolution in 1848, why did the alliance between middle-class liberals and workers dissolve?

The workers demanded a series of democratic and vaguely socialist reforms

What did the early French socialist thinkers find disturbing about the emerging industrial society?

They believed that industrial society fomented selfish individualism and split the community into isolated fragments.

Which of the following best characterizes the Carlsbad Decrees?

They required members of the German Confederation to root out subversive ideas and to spy on liberal and radical organizations.

Why did romantics and early nationalists investigate folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs?

They sought to find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture.

The romantic movement was characterized by all of the following except?

a commitment to romantic love as the highest virtue.

The romantic poet William Wordsworth?

abandoned flowery classical conventions for the language of ordinary speech and endowed simple subjects with the loftiest majesty.

The doctrine of laissez faire holds that there should be?

as little government intervention in the economy as possible.

Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established?

by violent revolution.

As an inspiration for nationalism, Johann Gottfried von Herder argued that?

each people had its own national genius and cultural unity.

According to Marx, the driving force in history was the?

economic relationship between classes.

In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832 accomplished all of the following except?

it granted the vote to substantial farmers but not the middle-class urban population.

Many Europeans and Americans embraced the Greek Revolution for all of the following reasons except?

merchants sought access to Greek markets for trade.

In 1848 in France, the Second Republic instituted all of the following reforms except?

permitting both men and women to file for divorce.

The most important factor influencing the peaceful mid-century reforms in Great Britain was?

political competition between the aristocracy and the middle class.

According to Joseph Proudhon, property was?

profit stolen from workers.

During the revolutions of 1848 in central Europe, an alliance of reforms included all of the following except

the clergy.

During the revolutions of 1848 in central Europe, an alliance of reforms included all of the following except?

the clergy.

Count Henri de Saint-Simon believed that?

the key to progress was proper social organization.

Eugène Delacroix's work celebrated all of the following except?

the transforming power of industrialization.

According to the text, one of Karl Marx's most important criticisms of the French utopian socialists was that?

their appeals to the wealthy to help the poor were naive.

At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies?

were guided by the principle of the balance of power.

The allied powers at the Congress of Vienna?

were lenient in their treatment of the defeated France.