A Level English Language
Lento
a slow sound
Piano
a soft sound
Consonant
a speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed and which forms a syllable when combined with a vowel
Vowel
a speech sound made with the vocal tract open
Copula verb
a verb that connects the subject to the complement
Auxiliary verb
a verb used in forming the tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs
Preposition
a word governing a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element
Metaphor
a word or phrase that describes one thing being used to describe another
Synonymy
a word or phrase that means the same as another word or phrase in the same language
Adverb
a word or phrase that modifies the meaning of an adjective, verb, or other adverb, or of a sentence
Complement
a word or words used with a verb to complete the meaning of the predicate
Hyponym
a word that represents different categories covered by a superordinate
Interrogative
a word used in questions
Pronoun
a word used instead of a noun to indicate someone or something already mentioned or known
Conjunction
a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause
Affixation
an addition to a word in order to modify its meaning or create a new word
Modal verb
an auxiliary verb expressing necessity or possibility
Superlative
an exaggerated expression of praise
Oxymoron
combines two terms that are normally contradictory
Imperative
denoting the mood of a verb that expresses a command or exhortation
Homonymy
each of two or more words having the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings and origins
Progressive aspect
formed with the auxiliary verb 'to be' + - ing, the present participle
Perfect aspect
formed with the auxiliary verb 'to have' + the past participle
Hyperbole
overstatement or exaggerated language that distorts facts by making them much bigger than they are if looked at objectively
Adjunct
part of a sentence and modifies the verb to show time, manner, place, frequency and degree
Volume
quantity or power of sound; degree of loudness
Fluency
speaking or writing in an articulate and natural manner
Declarative
taking the form of a simple statement
Connotation
the attitudes and feelings associated with a word
Prepositional phrase
the combination of a preposition and its complement
Pitch
the degree of highness or lowness in a sound or tone, as governed by the rate of vibrations producing it
Denotation
the literal or dictionary definition of a word
Predicate
the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject
Active voice
the subject of the verb does the action
Passive voice
the subject receives the action of the verb
Past progressive
used for actions and states that were unfinished at a certain time in the past or to stress the duration of something
Determiner
used with a noun and restricts the meaning by limiting the reference of the noun
Irony
when the speaker or writer says one thing but wants you to understand something different
Euphemism
when you substitute language that is less direct and vague for another that is considered to be harsh, blunt, or offensive
Antonymy
word pairs that are opposite in meaning
Function words
words that have little lexical meaning
Diphthong
Speech sound beginning with one vowel sound and moving to another vowel sound within the same syllable
Cliché
a Phrase that is used excessively and has become a bit meaningless and even irritating
Superordinate
a general term that includes various different words representing narrower categories
Monophthong
a single vowel sound
