AAMI: ANATOMY III FINAL REVIEW
Collateral Circulation:
Is an alternate route of blood to a body part through an anastomosis. It is the circulation of blood through a secondary channel so as to bypass an obstruction in a main channel.
Which of the following glands,secrete a solution in response to stress or sexual excitement?
Apocrine glands.
Cerebral spinal fluid is reabsorbed via the:
Arachnoid granulations.
Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes:
Are the most numerous of ALL white blood cells; digest harmful bacteria.
The study of articulations is called:
Arthrology.
2 Types of Hyaline Cartilage:
Articular & Costal Cartilage
The most abundant tissue in the body is:
Connective Tissue.
Connective Tissue:
Connects, binds, protects and supports the body and its organs; Is the most abundant tissue in the body; Found almost everywhere within the body; bones, cartilage, mucous membranes, muscles, skin and all internal organs; It consists of relatively few cells in a generous matrix.
Pulmonary Semi-Lunar Valve:
Is found at the orifice (opening) of the pulmonary trunk; allows blood to flow from RV into the pulmonary trunk which will deliver blood to the lungs.
The layer of the uterus from which tissue is sloughed during menstruation is the:
Endometrium.
The inside of a blood vessel is lined with:
Endothelium.
What is the inner layer of the pericardium called?
Epicardium/Visceral Pericardium.
Which of the following contains melanocytes?
Epidermis
Of the following, which connects the testes with the ductus deferens?
Epididymis.
These structures lie adjacent to the testes:
Epididymis.
When sperm leave the seminiferous tubules, they enter the:
Epididymis.
Which of the following is not a secreting gland in the male reproductive system?
Epididymis.
The large leaf shaped cartilage of the larynx is called:
Epiglottis.
This protective structure helps to keep food and fluids out of the airways:
Epiglottis.
Which of the following hormone is known as the "fight or flight hormone"?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve:
Is located at the orifice of the aorta; permits blood to leave the LV and flow into the aorta (ascending aorta).
The lateral vessel of femoral triangle is the:
Femoral Artery.
Name the contents of the Femoral Triangle:
Femoral Vein, Femoral Artery, Femoral Nerve.
The union of the sperm and ova is called:
Fertilization.
Which of the following is the strongest of the three types of cartilage?
Fibrocartilage.
The non-nervous fibrous tissue of the spinal cord:
Filum Terminale.
The funnel shaped portion of the oviduct is called:
Fimbriae.
The infundibulum ends in a structure known as the:
Fimbriae.
The dome shaped portion of the uterus is called:
Fundus.
A gonad is defined as a:
Gamete producing gland.
The calcaneal tendon is the common tendon between which two muscles:
Gastrocnemius and soleus
Heterocrine glands:
Glands that have both an endocrine and exocrine portion.
Which type of tissue is specialized to secreted substances such as digestive enzymes, hormones, perspiration and wax?
Glandular epithelial tissue.
A cluster of capillaries within a nephron is referred to as a(n):
Glomerulus.
The tuft of capillaries that is surrounded by a double walled epithelial cup is called:
Glomerulus.
The opening between the pharynx and larynx is the:
Glottis.
Which of the following hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?
Glucocorticoids.
Which of the following cells, of the trachea, produces mucous?
Goblet Cells.
Descending Colon:
Goes down on the left of the abdomen to the iliac crest.
Lymphocytes:
Increase if you have a viral infection; help form antibodies at the site of inflammation.
Eosinophils or Acidophils:
Increase in number in allergic conditions; release histamines.
The auditory ossicle shaped like an anvil:
Incus.
The superior border of the femoral triangle is formed by the:
Inguinal ligament.
Nerve Tissue:
Initiates and transmits nerve impulses & coordinates body activities.
Renal Capsule:
Inner layer made up of smooth, transparent, dense connective tissue that maintains shape & protects against trauma.
Which of the following arteries, are examples of conducting arteries?
Innominate, Common Carotid Artery, Common Iliac Artery.
The relatively movable point of attachment of a muscle is called:
Insertion.
Hormones produced by the Islands of Langerhans affect the body's utilization of:
Insulin.
Which of the following hormones leads to a condition known as diabetes mellitus?
Insulin.
Septal Walls of the Heart:
Interatrial Septum, Atrio-ventricular Septum, Right atrio-ventricular Septum, Left atrio-ventricular Septum, Interventricular Septum.
The wall or partition that separates the right atrium from the left atrium is the:
Interatrial Septum.
The wall separating the right atria from the left atria is called:
Interatrial Septum.
The lateral vessel of the anterior cervical triangle is:
Internal Jugular Vein.
The exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells is called:
Internal Respiration.
The process whereby oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide at the level of a body cell is called:
Internal respiration.
The passageway between the lateral and third ventricles is:
Interventricular Foramen.
The function of the pharynx is to transport food from the:
Mouth to the esophagus.
The salivary glands are situated adjacent to the:
Mouth.
What is the name of the heart layer that is responsible for its pumping action:
Myocardium.
Of the following, which layer of the uterus is important during delivery?
Myometrium.
Which of the following layers anchors the kidneys to the surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall:
Renal Fascia.
The deep reddish brown region of the internal anatomy of the kidney is the:
Renal Medulla.
The major calyces open into the:
Renal Pelvis.
Located within the renal medulla are cone shaped structures called:
Renal Pyramids.
Which of the following is formed by the expanded, proximal portion of the urethra?
Renal Sinus.
What are the 3 layers of the external kidney?
Renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia.
Which of the following is the correct order (internal to external) of the external anatomy of the kidney:
Renal capusule, Adispose capsule, Renal fasica.
What are the 2 layers of the internal kidney?
Renal cortex and renal medulla.
What constitutes the functional portion of the kidney?
Renal cortex and renal pyramids.
The overall exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood and tissue cells is called:
Respiration.
Of the following systems, which eliminates carbon dioxide and water?
Respiratory.
The sagittal plane divides the body into:
Right & Left Portions
The partition that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle:
Right Atrio-ventricular Septum
The coronary sinus orifice is located in which wall of the heart?
Right Atrium.
What are the ventricles of the brain:
Right and Lateral Ventricle, 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle.
Which border of the heart rests on the diaphragm:
Right border.
When the ascending colon reaches the undersurface of the liver it is called the:
Right colic hepatic flexure.
The ascending colon is located within or on the:
Right side of the abdomen.
Which side of the heart contains deoxygneated blood?
Right.
Large muscular fold that allow for the stomach to expand and contract are called:
Rugae.
This is known as the pacemaker of the heart:
SA Node.
Of the following, which is the correct path electrical impulses will take throughout the cardiac muscle?
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers.
The lateral border of the anterior cervical triangle is formed by the:
SCM.
Which of the following vessels returns blood from all areas above the phrenic?
SVC
Internal Anatomy of Right Atrium:
SVC returns blood from all areas above the diaphragm. IVC returns blood from areas inferior to the diaphragm. Coronary sinus is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium and returns blood from coronary circulation.
What are the three veins located in the right atria of the heart?
SVC, IVC, Coronary Sinus.
This vein returns blood from all areas above the diaphragm/phrenic:
SVC.
Duodenum:
Shortest portion of the small intestines; beginning of the small intestines.
This is a hollow, cone, shaped muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity:
The Heart.
Pia Mater:
Deep, inner layer; rich in blood vessels.
Tertiary bronchi are also called:
Segmental Bronchi.
Sigmoid Colon:
"S" shaped; begins at iliac crest and projects medially; terminates at rectum.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter:
*AKA Cardiac Sphincter:* Consists of smooth muscle that regulates the movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach.
Endothelium:
*AKA Endothelial Tissue;* When epithelial tissue lines the inside of blood vessels.
Visceral Pericardium:
*AKA Epicardium;* Layer that covers the heart itself.
Red Blood Cells:
*AKA Erythrocytes;* Most numerous; (life span) for 120 days because of the wear and tear on their plasma membrane; function is to transport oxygen (nutrients) and carbon dioxide (wastes); They lack a nucleus;
Fibrous
*AKA Fibro-cartilage;*Combines strength and rigidity *strongest;* found between the vertebra (intervertebral discs); in the pubic symphysis (the area where the two hip bones join anteriorly).
White Blood Cells:
*AKA Leucocytes;* have a nucleus but lacks hemoglobin; they help our body fight against infection.
Bicuspid Valve:
*AKA Mitral Valve or Left Atrio-Ventricular Valve;* is located between the LA and the LV; allows blood to flow in one direction from the LA to the LV.
Tricuspid Valve:
*AKA Right Atrio-Ventricular Valve;* is located between the RA and the RV; allows blood to flow from the RA to the RV but not in the opposite direction.
Platelets:
*AKA Thrombocytes:* are the smallest of the formed elements; do not have a nucleus and develop in red bone marrow; help in the clotting process; help form clots.
The act of moving an extremity towards the midline of the body is called:
Adduction.
The internal portion of the urinary bladder has 3 openings...:
2 urethral openings and 1 internal urethral orifice.
The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the: #
10
The kidneys are partially protected by ribs:
11 & 12.
Which number is associated with the hypoglossal nerve?
12
How many pulmonary arteries are there?
2
How many secondary bronchi are there in the left lung?
2
Which number is associated with the optic nerve?
2
The three openings that lead into the urinary bladder are:
2 ureteral openings and 1 internal urethral opening.
The medial border of Scarpa's Triangle is formed by the:
Adductor Longus Muscle.
The heart lies______ left of midline:
2/3rds.
Approximately how many orders of branching are there from the traches to the alveolar ducts?
25.
The usual frequency of the release of the ova from the ovaries is:
28 days.
How many layers does the heart have?
3
How many lobes are in the pituitary gland?
3
The phrenic has ____ foramens:
3
The right lung has ____ lobes:
3
There are ____layers of meninges around the brain and spinal cord:
3
Which number is associated with the occulomotor nerve?
3
How many spinal nerves are there?
31
How many pulmonary veins are there?
4
Which number is associated with the trochlear nerve?
4
Which number is associated with the trigeminal nerve?
5
What is the size of the heart?
5 inches long and 3.5 inches wide; The size of a clenched fist.
Which number is associated with the abducens nerve?
6
Which number is associated with the facial nerve?
7
Which number is associated with the auditory nerve?
8
Which number is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve?
9
What does the term septum mean?
A partition separating two chambers.
An aponeurosis is defined as being a:
A sheetlike fibrous membrane, resembling a flattened tendon, that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone.
Cerebral spinal fluid is produced in specialized cells known as:
Choroid plexus.
Which of the following does the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete?
ADH.
Which of the following hormones leads to a condition known as diabetes insipidus?
ADH.
Of the following, which acts as a receiving and transfer station for cardiac impulses?
AV Node.
This acts as a receiving and transfer station for cardiac impulses:
AV Node.
Which are included in the granulocytes group of blood cells?
Acidophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils.
Transverse Colon:
Across the abdomen; turns at inferior end of spleen on left forming left colic splenic flexure.
Bundle of His:
Acts as transport for cardiac impulses, carrying them down the interventricular septum to the Purkinje fibers.
Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:
Air.
This portion of the heart is directed inferiorly and to the left:
Apex.
The portion of the jaw in which the teeth are located are referred to as the:
Alveolar process.
The terminal air sacs of the lungs are called:
Alveoli Sacs.
The widest and longest portion of the uterine tube is the:
Ampulla of uterine tube.
Collateral circulation is defined as:
An alternate route through a secondary channel to bypass an obstruction in the main channel.
What is the narrow ,inferior portion of the heart called?
Apex.
The last one inch of the rectum is referred to as the:
Anal Canal.
The use of known and identifiable surface markings or structures to locate a more deeply lying structure defines:
Anatomical Guide.
The point of origin and the point of termination in relation to adjacent structures define a (an):
Anatomical Limit.
The science that deals with the structure of the body is referred to as:
Anatomy.
The cisterna chyli is located:
Anterior to the first two lumbar vertebrae.
Which of the following hormones, maintains the body's water balance by promoting increased water reabsorption in the tubules of the kidneys?
Antidiurectic Hormone (ADH).
An artery that is closely associated with the left ventricle of the heart is the:
Aorta.
This valve is located at the orifice of the aorta:
Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve.
What are the 4 different parts of the colon?
Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon and Sigmoid Colon.
Ascending Colon:
Ascends on right side of the abdomen; turns left at the underside of the liver forming the right colic hepatic flexure.
This partition separates the atria from the ventricles
Atrio-ventricular Septum.
Name the contents of the Axilla:
Axillary Artery, Axillary Vein, Brachial Plexus.
Which part of the lung rests on the diaphragm?
Base of lung
This portion of the heart is directed superior and to the right:
Base.
Which portion of the lungs rests on the diaphragm?
Base.
Ther vermiform appendix projects from the:
Beginning of the colon.
The large two-headed muscle of the arm is:
Biceps Brachii.
The left atrio-ventricular valve is also known as:
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve.
The emulsification of fats is accomplished by:
Bile.
What are the 3 types of secreting cells of the stomach?
Chief cells/zymogenic cells, parietal cells and mucous cells.
The term vasa vasorum refers to a (an):
Blood vessel that supplies a blood vessel.
A round mass of mechanically digested food is referred to as a:
Bolus.
Ligaments bind:
Bone to bone.
Fibrous cords that attach the undersurface of the papillary muscles to the valves are called:
Chordae Tendinae Fibrous Cords.
Fibrous chords that attach the undersurface of the valves to the papillary muscles are called:
Chordae Tendineae.
The doubled walled cup of epithelial tissue found in the urinary system is called:
Bowman's Capsule.
The central nervous system includes:
Brain & Spinal Cord.
The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are:
Bronchioles.
The portion of the lung tissue that the tertiary bronchi supply is called:
Bronchopulmonary segment.
These male reproductive structures lie inferior to the prostate gland on either side of the membranous urethra:
Bulbourethral gland.
This acts as a transport for cardiac impulses down the interventricular septum:
Bundle of His.
The two divisions of the nervous system include:
CNS & PNS.
Divisions of the Nervous System:
CNS, PNS.
The brain and spinal cord are the organs of the:
CNS.
The function of this blood vessel is to exchange nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue cells:
Capillaries.
The distal, lateral process of the humerus to which the radial articulates with is:
Capitulum.
Which compound is formed as a result of hemoglobin combining with carbon dioxide?
Carbamino-hemoglobin.
This indentation is located medially on the left lung:
Cardiac Notch.
The valve situated in the orifice between the esophagus and stomach is the:
Cardiac Sphincter.
Name the three types of muscles:
Cardiac, Skeletal & Smooth.
The major blood supply to the brain enters through the:
Carotid Canal.
The wrist bones are called the:
Carpal bones.
The tail-like collection of spinal nerve roots located at the inferior end of the spinal cord is referred to as the:
Cauda equina.
The unit of structure and function of the body:
Cell.
The small intestines are contained mostly within the:
Central portion of the abdominal cavity.
A term in descriptive anatomy that means away from the feet:
Cephalad.
The ______ , second largest portion of the brain, is located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
Cerebellum
The portion of the brain that is responsible for balance is the:
Cerebellum.
Voluntary motor function is the function of the:
Cerebral Cortex.
Like the brain, the spinal cord is surrounded by bone, meninges and____.
Cerebrospinal fluid.
Transverse foramina are found in:
Cervical Vertebrae.
The narrow inferior portion of the uterus:
Cervix.
Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function?
Chief Cells: Produce Intrinsic Factor.
The milk-like liquid composed of lymph and globules of digested fats coursing through the lacteals during digestion is called:
Chyle.
The thoracic duct begins as a dilation referred to as:
Cisterna chyli.
The portion of the sternum that articulates with the medial end of the clavicle is referred to as the:
Clavicular Notch.
Cerebrospinal Fluid:
Clear fluid that bathes the entire surface of the CNS.
The erectile tissue that is located in the anterior margin of the vestibule is called:
Clitoris.
The most inferior portion of the vertebral column:
Coccyx.
Path of Urine Drainage:
Collecting Duct - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis - Ureter - Urinary Bladder - Urethra
This duct takes the urine that has been formed within the nephron and drains it into the minor calyces:
Collecting Ducts.
Choose the correct pathway for the drainage of urine:
Collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.
Name the contents of the anterior cervical triangle:
Common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve.
Renal Medulla:
Deep reddish brown region of the kidney; containing 8-18 renal/medulla pyramids.
A part on the mandible:
Condylar process.
Peripheral Nervous System:
Consists of all nervous tissue outside of the CNS (cranial nerves & spinal nerves); function = connect the CNS to remaining parts of the body.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter:
Consists of skeletal muscle; regulates the movement of food from the pharynx to the esophagus.
Internal Anatomy of Right Ventricle:
Contains trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae fibrous cords; deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle of the heart via the pulmonary trunk. It will carry this blood to the lungs for re-oxygenation.
Systole:
Contraction phase.
The spinal cord tapers, below the lumbar enlargement, into a conical portion known as:
Conus medullaris.
This vein returns blood from the heart itself:
Coronary Sinus.
Visceral Peritoneum:
Covers some of the organs in the abdominal cavity as well as some in the pelvic cavity.
Epithelial Tissue:
Covers the body surface, lines hollow organs, mosaic shaped pattern.
Name the two dorsal cavities:
Cranial & Vertebral Cavity.
The portion of the skull that encloses the brain is referred to as the:
Cranium.
The process whereby a red blood cell shrinks is referred to as:
Crenation.
When water molecules move out of a RBC faster then they can enter, it causes the cell to shrink. What is this process called?
Crenation.
The nerves for the sense of olfaction pass through the:
Cribriform Plate.
Of the following, which piece of cartilage is attached to the first ring of tracheal cartilage?
Cricoid Cartilage
The most inferior cartilage of the larynx is the:
Cricoid.
Which part of the brainstem conveys motor impulses?
Descending Pathways.
Choose the correct order of the small intestines:
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
The shortest portion of the small intestines is the:
Duodenum.
The ability of a leukocyte to move through an unbroken capillary wall into tissues spaces is:
Diapedisis.
Which of the following muscles is functional in breathing?
Diaphragm.
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called:
Diastole.
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is termed:
Diastole.
Monocytes:
Digest cellular debris and foreign particles.
Which of the following, describes the breakdown of food by both mechanical and chemical means?
Digestion.
This layer of the meninges is composed of strong, dense, irregular connective tissue:
Dura Mater.
The blood vessels responsible for draining blood from the tissues of the brain are the:
Dural Sinuses.
Fundus:
Dome shaped portion of the uterus superior to the uterine tube.
What are the 3 portions of the small intestines?
Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum.
This type of cartilage maintains the shape of the various structures:
Elastic Cartilage.
Which causes the ventricles to contract?
Electrical Signal.
Purkinje Fibers:
Electrical impulses shoot through these fibers until it reaches the apex of the heart causing both ventricles to contract.
Bile:
Emulsifies fats.
The inner most layer of the heart is termed:
Endocardium.
This heart layer is composed of a thin layer of endothelial tissue:
Endocardium.
This heart layers covers the heart valves:
Endocardium.
Name the four primary tissues:
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous.
The portion of the alimentary canal located between the pharynx and the stomach is the:
Esophagus.
The light spongy bone located in the anterior part of the floor of the cranium between the orbits is:
Ethmoid.
The superior and medial nasal conchae are formed by the projections of this bone:
Ethmoid.
This movement turns the foot outward at the ankle:
Eversion.
Which of the following glands secrete their products into a body cavity or hollow organ:
Exocrine Gland.
Salivary glands are:
Exocrine glands and Accesory glands.
Name the three types of glands:
Exocrine, endocrine and heterocrine.
Which of the following terms, describes a muscle action that increases the angle at an articulation?
Extension.
The exchange of gases between the air sacs of the lungs and the pulmonary capillaries of the blood vascular system:
External Respiration.
Which portion of the nose consists of a supporting framework bone, composed of cartilage and lined with a mucous membrane?
External portion of nose.
The narrow, thick portion of the uterine tube is called:
Fallopian Tube.
These structures extend laterally from the uterus:
Fallopian Tubes.
True or False: All arteries carry richly oxygenated blood.
False.
True or False: If too much ADH is screted, it can cause a dilation of blood vessels.
False.
True or False: In the male the urethra is subdivided into three portions: the prostatic urethra, membranous urethra and the bulbourethral urethra.
False.
True or False: In the male the urinary bladder lies posterior to the rectum.
False.
True or False: Progesterone and testosterone is produced in the testes.
False.
True or False: The function of the urinary bladder is to transport semen from the bladder to the outside of the body.
False.
True or False: The name of the muscular layer of the kidney is called the detrusor muscle.
False.
True or False: The organs of the urinary system are the only ones that contribute to the excretory function.
False.
True or False: The outer, thinner layer of the epidermis contains blood vessels and lymph vessels.
False.
True or False: The ovaries are attached to the fallopian tubes.
False.
True or False: The ovaries produce the hormones estrogen and testosterone.
False.
True or False: The spinal cord is longer than the vertebral column:
False.
True or False: The ureter is the tube through which urine makes its exit from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
False.
True or False: The vagina is composed of smooth muscle with a serous membrane lining.
False.
True or False: The brachial plexus emerges from the lumbar enlargement.
False?
The opening from the oral cavity into the pharynx:
Fauces.
The opening between the lower part of the roof of the 4th ventricle and subarachnoid space is:
Foramen of Magendie or Median Foramen
What is the lateral boundary of the anterior cervical triangle:
Formed by the SCM.
Name the medial boundary of Scarpa's Triangle:
Formed by the adductor longus muscle.
What is the superior boundary or base of the anterior cervical triangle:
Formed by the inferior border of the mandible.
Name the superior boundary or base of Scarpa's Triangle:
Formed by the inguinal ligament.
What is the medial boundary of the anterior cervical triangle:
Formed by the mid-line of the neck.
Name the lateral boundary of Scarpa's Triangle:
Formed by the sartorious muscle.
The function of the Eustacian tube is to:
Forms a communication between the pharynx and the middle ear.
An oval depression located in the septal wall of the right atrium:
Fossa Ovalis.
This is the remainder of the foramen ovale in the fetal heart:
Fossa Ovalis.
Oxygenated blood is returned to the heart by way of:
Four Pulmonary Veins.
The two rounded prominence's located at the upper part of the forehead are called:
Frontal Eminences.
Which of the following lobes is responsible for voluntary motor function?
Frontal.
Which of the following studies the structures of the body without the use of a microscope?
Gross Anatomy, Macroscopic Anatomy.
Which of the following is responsible for the rate at which amino acids enter the body?
Growth Hormone.
Which of the following does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete?
Growth hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Of the following, which stimulates cell metabolism in most tissues, causing the cells to divided and increase in size.
Growth hormone.
Which of the following are elongated filaments of keratinized epitheial cells?
Hair.
Agranulocytes:
Have granules but they are NOT visible under the light microscope.
The swelling and eventually rupture of a RBC is called:
Hemolysis.
The vertical slit located medially on each lung is called:
Hilum
Costal Cartilage:
Hyaline cartilage located at the ventral (front) ends of ribs where they attach to the sternum (breastbone).
Articular Cartilage:
Hyaline cartilage that is located at the ends of bones.
Name the three types of cartilage:
Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous.
The most abundant cartilage in the body is:
Hyaline.
This type of solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of solvent than the solution with which the cell is compared:
Hypertonic.
Which vein returns blood from areas inferior to the diaphragm?
IVC.
Peyer's Patches are lymph nodes embedded in the walls of:
Ileum.
The longest portion of the small intestines is the:
Ileum.
Basophils:
Increase during chronic infection and during healing from the infection.
Muscle Tissue:
Is specialized to produce movement in response to nerve impulses; Muscle is classified according to both structure (striated or smooth) and function (voluntary or involuntary).
Hyaline Cartilage:
Is the most abundant cartilage in the body; Affords flexibility and support; Is found at joints; reduces friction between bones; *weakest*
This solution has the same number of molecules on either side of the semi-permeable membrane:
Isotonic Solution.
Most of digestion takes place within the:
Jejunum.
These organs lie on either side of the vertebral column between T12 and L3?
Kidneys.
Where does Pulmonary Circulation terminate?
LA
This heart chamber receives oxygenated blood:
LA.
Where does Systemic Circulation begin?
LV
Which of the following contain an abundance of adipose tissue and sweat glands?
Labia Majora.
The smallest of the facial bones is the:
Lacrimal.
The inferior section of the pharynx is the:
Laryngopharynx.
The passageway that connects the pharynx with the trachea is the:
Larynx.
The passageway that connects the pharynx with the trachea:
Larynx.
In relation to the heart, the lungs lie:
Lateral
How does the Axillary Artery lie to the Axillary Vein?
Lateral & deep.
How does the Femoral Artery lie to the Femoral Vein:
Lateral & superficial.
How does the Internal Jugular Vein lie to the Common Carotid Artery?
Lateral & superficial.
In relation to the femoral vein, the femoral artery lies:
Lateral & superficial.
A term in descriptive human anatomy that means away from the midline of the body:
Lateral.
Visceral Serous Membrane:
Layer that covers and attaches to the organs inside of the cavity.
Visceral Pleura:
Layer that covers the lungs.
Parietal Pericardium:
Layer that is attached to the cavity wall.
Parietal Pleura:
Layer that is attached to the cavity wall.
Parietal Serous Membrane:
Layer that is attached to the cavity wall.
The partition that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle:
Left Atrio-Ventricular Septum.
In which heart chamber does Pulmonary circulation terminate in?
Left Atrium.
Of the following heart chambers, which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Left Atrium.
The thoracic duct is also called the:
Left Lymphatic Duct.
Coronary circulation originates in this heart chamber:
Left Ventricle.
The heart lies 2/3 ______ left or right of midline.
Left.
Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?
Left.
Mucous Membrane:
Line a body cavity that opens directly to the outside, act as a barrier against microbes and other pathogens.
Synovial Membrane:
Line the cavities of freely moveable joints; secrete synovial fluid.
A line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure is known as a (an):
Linear Guide.
Serous Membrane:
Lines cavities that do not open directly to the outside; cover the organs and secrete a serous fluid.
Parietal Peritoneum:
Lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity.
Peritoneum:
Lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs.
Pericardium:
Lining the heart cavity and covering the heart.
Pleura:
Lining the thoracic cavity and covering the lungs.
Venae comitantes:
Literally means accompany veins. It refers to two or more veins accompanying an artery. They are usually present with the deep arteries of the extremities.
The gall bladder is attached to the undersurface of the:
Liver.
Which is the largest digestive organ?
Liver.
Secondary bronchi are also called:
Lobar.
Ileum:
Longest portion of the small intestines.
The principle organ of the respiratory system is:
Lung.
These organs extend from the diaphragm to just slightly superior to the clavicles?
Lungs.
Which of the following in responsible for the excretion of carbon dioxide and water?
Lungs.
Agranulocytes include the following white blood cells:
Lymphocytes & monocytes.
Which of the following white blood cells, will increase if you have a viral infection?
Lymphocytes.
The opening located in the inferior part of the occipital bone is called:
Magnum.
Central Nervous System:
Main network of coordination and control; encompasses brain & spinal cord.
Elastic Cartilage:
Maintains the shape of various structures; Is found in the epiglottis (the lid on top of the voice box); the external part of the ear; and the auditory or eustacian tubes.
Which part of the brain stem controls heart rate, respiration and constriction of blood vessels?
Medulla Oblongata.
Which part of the brainstem controls heart rate and respiration?
Medulla Oblongata.
Parts of the brain stem:
Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain.
Which of the following bones does not contain a paranasal sinus:
Mandible.
Which of the following bones does not contain a paranasal sinus?
Mandible.
The mandible articulates with the skull at the:
Mandibular Fossa.
Which two bones help form the hard palate?
Maxillary and Palatine.
The palatine process is a feature on which bone:
Maxillary.
How does the Common Carotid Artery lie to the Internal Jugular Vein?
Medial & deep.
How does the Femoral Vein lie to the Femoral Artery:
Medial & deep.
How does the Axillary Vein lie to the Axillary Artery?
Medial & superficial.
Isthmus:
Medial portion of the fallopian tubes that joins the uterus.
A term in descriptive human anatomy that means toward the midline of the body:
Medial.
The hollow chamber that runs the length of the diaphysis of a long bone:
Medullary Canal.
The smallest part of the brain stem is:
Midbrain.
Adipose Capsule:
Middle layer made up of fatty tissue that protects against trauma and holds kidney firmly in place.
Arachnoid:
Middle layer; composed of delicate collagen fibers & some elastic tissue.
Jejunum:
Middle portion of the small intestines.
Pons:
Middle portion; directly superior to medulla; relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movement & helps control breathing.
Internal Anatomy of Left Ventricle:
Mimics the right ventricle because it also contains: trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles and chordae tendineae. oxygenated blood leaves the LV via the ascending aorta.
The valve situated between the left atrium and left ventricle is referred to as the:
Mitral Valve.
This valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle:
Mitral Valve.
A pad of adipose tissue that lies over the pubis bone is:
Mons Pubis.
Medulla Oblongata:
Most inferior portion; controls heart rate, respiration, digestion and constriction of blood vessels.
Name the three types of membranes:
Mucous (mucosa), synovial, and serous (serosa).
The layer of the heart that is responsible for the pumping action:
Myocardium.
The muscular layer of the heart is called the:
Myocardium.
Hydrochloric acid is:
Necessary for the conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin.
The functional unit of the kidney is referred to as the:
Nephron.
What is the Brachial Plexus?
Network of nerve fibers that originates from the ventral branches of the last four cervical (C5-C8) and first thoracic spinal nerves. Supplies the shoulders, arms and chest.
Granulocytes include the following white blood cells:
Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Eosinophils or Acidophils, Basophils.
The main function of the ovaries is:
Nurture and prepare oocytes (eggs) for the process of ovulation.
Muscle fibers that run diagonal to the midline of the body are called:
Oblique
The structure with which the atlas articulates is called:
Occipital Condyle.
Visual input is the function of the:
Occipital Lobe.
Where is the hilus of the kidney located?
On the medial surface.
What is the opening into the oropharynx?
Oral Cavity Proper.
Which of the following muscle closes the eye?
Orbicularis Oris.
Two or more cells arranged to perform a specific function is called:
Organ
The attachment of a muscle to the stationary bone is called:
Origin.
The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate to above the level of the hyoid bone is called the:
Oropharynx.
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solvent concentration is called:
Osmosis
When air leaves the internal nares, it will enter the:
Pharynx.
Renal Fascia:
Outermost layer composed of dense connective tissue that anchors the kidneys to the surrounding structures and abdominal wall.
Dura Mater:
Outermost layer; composed of strong dense, irregular connective tissue.
The large, fluid filled follicle that contains an immature ovum and its surrounding tissues is called the:
Ovarian follicle.
These glands resemble unshelled almonds in both size and shape:
Ovaries.
These structures lie in the upper pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus and are held in place by ligament:
Ovaries.
Which of the following is responsible for increasing the calcium level in the blood?
PTH.
SA Node:
Pacemaker.
The exocrine secretion of the pancreas secretes:
Pancreatic Juice.
What are cone shaped or finger shaped muscles that project up into the lumen of the ventricles of the heart called?
Papillary Muscles.
These glands are embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland:
Parathyroid gland.
The lambdoidal suture is found between:
Parietal & Occipital Bones.
The outer layer of the pericardium of the heart is called the:
Parietal Pericardium.
The branch of anatomy that studies structural changes in the body as a result of disease is called:
Pathological Anatomy.
The muscular ridges located in the anterior wall of the right and left atria are referred to as:
Pectinate Muscles.
Muscular ridges located in the anterior wall of the atria are called:
Pectinate muscles.
The chief cells secrete the following:
Pepsinogen.
This is situated between the visceral and parietal pericardium:
Pericardial Cavity.
What is the pericardial cavity filled with?
Pericardial Fluid/Serous Fluid.
Layers of the heart:
Pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium.
Of the following, which layer of the uterus is part of the visceral peritoneum?
Perimetrium.
Which of the following forms the superior portion of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular Plate of the Ehtmoid.
The auditory ossicles are contained within the:
Petrous portion of the temporal bone.
The funnel-like organ just posterior to the oral and nasal cavities is the:
Pharynx.
The portion of the gastro-intestinal canal located between the mouth and esophagus:
Pharynx.
The 3 Meninges:
Pia Mater, Arachnoid and Dura Mater.
The inner most layer of the meninges is the:
Pia Mater.
Examples of endocrine glands:
Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland.
Name the two components of whole blood:
Plasma & formed elements.
Serum:
Plasma minus the clotting proteins.
The amber colored liquid portion of blood is called:
Plasma.
Name the three types of serous membranes:
Pleura, pericardium and peritoneum.
The serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and covering the lungs is referred to as:
Pleural cavity.
How does the Vagus Nerve lie to the Common Carotid Artery and Internal Jugular Vein?
Posterior & in between.
The openings between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx are referred to as?
Posterior Nares.
The linear aspera is a vertical ridge located on the:
Posterior aspect of the femur.
Where do the ureters terminate?
Posterior wall of the urinary bladder.
Diastole:
Relaxation phase.
Which structures result from the bifurcation of the trachea?
Primary Bronchi.
The fundus of the stomach is that part:
Projecting above the cardia.
Of the following glands, the one that is lactogenic in nature:
Prolactin.
Of the following, which surrounds the superior portion of the urethra?
Prostate gland.
Which of the following terms, refers to a structure that is located toward or closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the torso of the body:
Proximal.
This valve is found at the orifice of the pulmonary trunk:
Pulmonary Semi-lunar Valve.
Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through this vessel:
Pulmonary Trunk.
This vessel is located in the right ventricle of the heart:
Pulmonary Trunk.
The movement of air into and out of the lungs is referred to as:
Pulmonary Ventilation.
Where does Coronary Circulation terminate?
RA
Where does Systemic Circulation terminate?
RA
In which heart chamber does systemic circulation terminate in?
RA.
Name the three types of formed elements:
RBC, WBC, Platelets.
Where does Pulmonary Circulation begin?
RV
In which heart chamber does pulmonary circulation originate in?
RV.
Internal Anatomy of Left Atrium:
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the 4 pulmonary veins. There are two R pulmonary veins coming from the R lung and two L pulmonary veins coming from the L lung.
AV Node:
Receiving and transfer station for cardiac impulses.
Muscle fibers that run parallel to the midline of the body are called:
Rectus.
The lateral boundary of the femoral triangle is formed by the:
Sartorius Muscle.
Of the following, which houses the testes?
Scrotal Sac.
Which of the following is part of the male external genitalia?
Scrotum.
Which of the following, inhibits bacterial growth and helps prevent drying of hair and skin?
Sebaceous Oil Glands
Endocrine glands:
Secrete their products directly into the bloodstream; are considered ductless glands.
Exocrine glands:
Secrete their substances into ducts that empty onto the surface of the body or into a cavity or hollow organ.
Of the following, choose the arrangement that milk would flow to the outside of the body:
Secretory lobules of glandular tissue (lobes) —» ducts —» lactiferous duct —» lactiferous sinus, which opens onto the surface of the nipple.
Which of the following houses the hypophysis?
Sella Turcica.
Which of the following, secretes an alkaline fluid and constitutes 60% of the volume of semen?
Seminal vesicle.
The structure in the testes in which sperm are produced is called:
Seminiferous tubules.
Atrio-ventricular Septum:
Separates the atria from the ventricles.
Left atrio-ventricular Septum:
Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
Right atrio-ventricular Septum:
Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the:
Septum.
Name the 4 specialized tissues that make up the conduction system of the heart:
Sinoatrial node, Atrioventricular node, Bundle of His and Purkinje Fibers.
Which portion of the nose, is lined with a mucous membrane containing cilia that traps large airborne particles?
Sinuses.
Peritoneal cavity:
Slim space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum filled with peritoneal fluid.
Where does most of digestion take place?
Small intestines.
Lymph nodes:
Small pea shaped patches of lymphatic tissue which filter lymph as it flows through the vessels.
Midbrain:
Smallest and upper part of the brain stem; conveys motor impulses, reflex center.
Visceral Muscle:
Smooth & involuntary.
Which of the following muscles is located in the walls of hollow internal organs:
Smooth Muscle.
The part of a solution that is present in the lesser amount is referred to as:
Solute.
A homogenous mixture of two or more substances is termed a:
Solution.
Pleura cavity:
Space between parietal and visceral pleura filled with pleural fluid.
Pericardial cavity:
Space between the parietal and visceral pericardium filled with pericardial fluid.
Vestibule:
Space of the oral cavity bound externally by the cheeks and lips and internally by the the gums and teeth.
Oral Cavity Proper:
Space that extends from the gums and teeth to the fauces.
Lacteals are:
Specialized lymph capillaries in the villi of the small intestine.
The process of sperm formation is called:
Spermatogenesis.
Of the following muscles, which is the only one having the ability to constrict:
Sphincter.
When the urethra passes through the corpus spongiosum of the penis, it is referred to as:
Spongy/Cavernous Urethra.
Where does the trachea bifurcate?
Sternal angle or Angle of Louis (level of T5).
The cardiac sphincter is associated with which of the following:
Stomach.
Cardiac Muscle:
Striated & involuntary.
Skeletal Muscle:
Striated & voluntary.
The space between the arachnoid and the pia mater is called:
Subarachnoid Space.
Of the following spaces, which one contains a small amount of lubricating fluid?
Subdural space.
Which does NOT apply to the anatomical position?
Subject is in a prone position.
Renal Cortex:
Superficial, reddish area of the kidney; Smooth textured area extending from renal capsule to base of renal pyramids.
This term refers to a subject who is lying with the anterior surface facing up:
Supine.
When a body is placed with the anterior surface facing superiorly, it is placed in a ____position.
Supine.
What is the depression on the superior surface of the sternum located between the clavicular notch called?
Suprasternal notch.
An example of an immoveable joint:
Suture.
Examples of exocrine glands:
Sweat, salivary, and mammary glands.
Which of the following subdivisions of anatomy, studies the individual systems of the body?
Systemic.
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called:
Systole.
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle:
Systole.
The tarsal bone that the tibia articulates with is:
Talus.
Collectively, the ankle bones are referred to as _____ bones.
Tarsal.
Accessory Organs of Digestion:
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas.
Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone:
Tendon.
Of the following, which is the normal site of fertilization?
Uterine Tube.
The normal site of fertilization is:
Uterine Tube.
Description of the heart:
The heart is a hollow, cone shaped, 4 chambered, muscular organ, which weighs about 11 oz. and is about the size of a closed or clenched fist. The heart is located in the mediastinum it is placed obliquely (slanted) with 2/3 of it lying left of the midline. Its right border lies or rests on the diaphragm.
Where does the hepatic portal system terminate?
The liver.
Fauces:
The opening between the oral cavity and the pharynx.
The primary reproductive organs, also called gonads, are _____, which are responsible for producing the egg and sperm cells.
The ovaries & testes.
Example of a heterocrine gland:
The pancreas.
Interatrial Septum:
The partition or wall that separates the right atrium from the left atrium.
The eustacian tube forms a communication between:
The pharynx and middle ear.
Erythropoiesis:
The process of producing RBCs; This occurs in the red bone marrow of all bones until adolescence. Red bone marrow is replaced with yellow bone marrow (fat bone marrow) in long bones as we get older. After that happens, erythropoiesis occurs only in short and flat bones. In the fetus, this process also occurs in the spleen and the liver.
Vasa Vasorum:
These are blood vessels that supply blood vessels - they are vessels of vessels. They penetrate the tunica adventitia, as well as the deeper tunica media of larger vessels (both arteries and veins).
Vertebral Cavity:
This cavity encloses the spinal cord; the hard, bony walls protect the contained organs.
Cranial Cavity:
This cavity lies in the skull; encases the brain.
The function of these structures is to convey the ova to the uterus:
Uterine Tubes.
Anastomosis:
This is the union of branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region; It is a natural communication between two vessels; An anastomosis between arteries provides alternate routes (collateral circulation) for blood to reach a tissue or organ.
Hypertonic Solution:
This solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water (solvent) than the solution with which the cell is compared.
Hypotonic Solution:
This solution has a lower concentration of solutes and higher concentration of solvent (water) than the solution with which the cell is compared.
Name the three ventral cavities:
Thoracic cavity, Abdominal Cavity, and Ventral Cavity.
Which of the following cavities does the phrenic separate?
Thoracic-abdominal.
In which cavity is the heart located?
Thoracic.
Where is cerebrospinal fluid reabsorbed?
Through ovoid structures within the superior saggital sinus known as the arachnoid villi.
Which cartilage forms the most anterior wall of the larynx?
Thyroid Cartilage.
Which of the following endocrine glands is located in the neck?
Thyroid Gland.
The most superior piece of laryngeal cartilage is the:
Thyroid.
Masses of lymphoid tissues that are embedded in a mucous membrane are referred to as:
Tonsils.
The study of anatomy with emphasis on superficial landmarks is termed:
Topographical Anatomy.
Ridges that are formed by irregular folds of the myocardium are referred to as:
Trabeculae carneae.
Which of the following structures of the primary bronchi, will hold open the ends of the cartilage?
Trachealis muscle.
Of the following, which is a hollow, thick- walled, highly muscular organ?
Uterus.
Of the following, which is the site of menstruation?
Uterus.
The site of implantation of the fertilized ovum is the:
Uterus.
The heart valve in the right atrio-ventricular septum is the:
Tricuspid Valve
Name the valves of the heart:
Tricuspid Valve, Bicuspid Valve, Pulmonary Semi-Lunar Valve, Aortic Semi-Lunar Valve.
The right atrio-ventricular valve is also known as:
Tricuspid Valve.
Which of the following valves, allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
Tricuspid Valve.
The function of this structure is to prevent a regurgitation of blood:
Tricuspid valve.
What is the shape of the floor of the urinary bladder referred to as being?
Trigone.
The distal, medial process of the humerus to which the ulna articulates:
Trochlea.
True or False: The right lung is divided into three lobes by horizontal and oblique fissures.
True
True or False: The Bundles of His transports the cardiac impulse down the interventricular septum to the purkinje fibers.
True ?
True or False: A hormone is a protein produced in the body.
True.
True or False: Calcium is needed for muscle function.
True.
True or False: Cortisol is also called hydrocortisone.
True.
True or False: Estrogen and progesterone are the hormones produced in the ovaries.
True.
True or False: Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen or converted to fat.
True.
True or False: Glands, skin and hair are part of the integumentary system.
True.
True or False: Hormones are produced in one part of the body but regulates the activity of cells in other parts of the body.
True.
True or False: In the male, the urethra serves a dual purpose.
True.
True or False: Mammary glands are modified sweat glands.
True.
True or False: Mammary glands are present in both male and female.
True.
True or False: The Esutacian tubes connects the middle ear with the nose and nasopharynx.
True.
True or False: The conus medullaris is located inferior to the lumbar enlargement.
True.
True or False: The function of the urinary bladder is to store urine.
True.
True or False: The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
True.
True or False: The hormone ADH is also know as vasopressin.
True.
True or False: The pancreas may be classified as a heterocrine gland.
True.
True or False: The pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food:
True.
True or False: The renal pelvis is a large cavity that collects the urine as it is produced.
True.
True or False: The term vulva is synonymous with external genitalia.
True.
True or False: There are 8 pairs of cervical nerves.
True.
True or False: Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary bladder.
True.
True or False: Vulva is also referred to as the external genitalia.
True.
This serves as part of the pathway for sperm to reach the uterine tube:
Uterus.
Which of the following divides the testes into lobules?
Tunica albuguinea.
The area of the pelvis on which we sit is formed by the:
Two ishchia.
The function of these structures is to transport urine from the renal pelvis to the place where it is be stored prior to micturition:
Ureter.
These structures originate as the renal pelvis?
Ureters.
The terminal duct of the male reproductive system is the:
Urethra.
The terminal portion of the urinary system is the:
Urethra.
The tube that leads from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body is called:
Urethra.
Which the following is not paired in the male reproductive system?
Urethra.
The organ of the urinary system that acts as a reservoir:
Urinary Bladder.
Of the following, which is a short canal which extends from the uterus to the vulva?
Vagina.
The terminal portion of the birth canal is the:
Vagina.
Which of the following tissues reduces heat loss through the skin?
Vasoconstriction.
Cavities within the brain are referred to as:
Ventricles.
Fluid filled cavities within the encephalon are called:
Ventricles.
Fluid filled cavities within the encephalon through which cerebrospinal fluid flows through are called:
Ventricles.
The lower chambers of the heart are called:
Ventricles.
The medial border of the scapulae is referred to as:
Vertebral Border.
The portion of the mouth that is bounded externally by the cheeks and lips and internally by the gingivae and teeth is called:
Vestibule.
Which of the following increases the absorption area of the small intestines?
Villi.
Name the two layers of serous membrane:
Visceral & Parietal.
The serous membrane lining the abdominal organs is referred to as:
Visceral Peritoneum.
Interventricular Septum:
Wall or partition that it is located between the right and left ventricles.
Plasma:
What is left after the formed elements are removed from blood; Amber or yellow color; It is the stream in which the blood cells travel. It carries not only blood cells, but also: nutrients (sugars, amino acids fats, salts, minerals etc.) waste products (CO2, lactic acid, urea etc.) antibodies clotting proteins called clotting factors hormones proteins
Glandular Epithelium:
When epithelial tissues help in the formation of glands; These cells are specialized to secrete substances like digestive enzymes, hormones, perspiration and wax.
Granulocytes:
White blood cells has tiny granules in its cytoplasm. These granules are visible under a light microscope when stained.
Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?
Within special cells in each ventricle known as the choroid plexus.
The zygomatic arch is formed by the:
Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone/Temporal Process of the Zygomatic Bone.
Linear Guide:
is a line drawn or visualized on the surface of the skin to represent the approximate location of some deeper lying structure.
Anatomical Guide:
is a method of locating a structure, such as an artery or vein, by reference to an adjacent known or prominent structure.
Anatomical Limit:
is the point of origin and point of termination of a structure in relation to adjacent structures (simple put, where it begins and ends).
